Cortical determinants of loudness perception and auditory hypersensitivity

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 30, 2024

Parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons (PVNs) stabilize cortical network activity, generate gamma rhythms, and regulate experience-dependent plasticity. Here, we observed that activation or inactivation of PVNs functioned like a volume knob in the mouse auditory cortex (ACtx), turning neural behavioral classification sound level up down over 20dB range. PVN loudness adjustments were "sticky", such single bout 40Hz stimulation sustainably suppressed ACtx responsiveness, potentiated feedforward inhibition, behaviorally desensitized mice to loudness. Sensory sensitivity is cardinal feature autism, aging, peripheral neuropathy, prompting us ask whether can persistently desensitize with hyperactivity, hypofunction, hypersensitivity triggered by cochlear sensorineural damage. We found 16-minute session restored normal perception for one week, showing perceptual deficits irreversible injuries be reversed through targeted circuit interventions.

Language: Английский

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Spiking attractor model of motor cortex explains modulation of neural and behavioral variability by prior target information

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 26, 2024

Abstract When preparing a movement, we often rely on partial or incomplete information, which can decrement task performance. In behaving monkeys show that the degree of cued target information is reflected in both, neural variability motor cortex and behavioral reaction times. We study underlying mechanisms spiking motor-cortical attractor model. By introducing biologically realistic network topology where excitatory neuron clusters are locally balanced with inhibitory robustly achieve metastable activity across wide range parameters. application to monkey task, model performs target-specific action selection accurately reproduces task-epoch dependent reduction trial-to-trial vivo directly reflects amount processed while irregularity remained constant throughout task. context cue increased time explain conclude context-dependent signum computation cortex.

Language: Английский

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Specific inhibition and disinhibition in the higher-order structure of a cortical connectome

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Neurons are thought to act as parts of assemblies with strong internal excitatory connectivity. Conversely, inhibition is often reduced blanket no targeting specificity. We analyzed the structure excitation and in MICrONS $mm^{3}$ dataset, an electron microscopic reconstruction a piece cortical tissue. found that was structured around feed-forward flow large non-random neuron motifs information from small number sources larger potential targets. Inhibitory neurons connected specific sequential positions these motifs, implementing targeted symmetrical competition between them. None trends detectable only pairwise connectivity, demonstrating by motifs. While descriptions circuits range non-specific blanket-inhibition targeted, our results describe form specificity existing higher-order connectome. These findings have important implications for role learning synaptic plasticity.

Language: Английский

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Organizational Principles of the Primate Cerebral Cortex at the Single‐Cell Level

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Abstract The primate cerebral cortex, the major organ for cognition, consists of an immense number neurons. However, organizational principles governing these neurons remain unclear. By accessing single‐cell spatial transcriptome over 25 million neuron cells across entire macaque it is discovered that distribution within cortical layers highly non‐random. Strikingly, three‐quarters are located in distinct neuronal clusters. Within clusters, different cell types tend to collaborate rather than function independently. Typically, excitatory clusters mainly consist excitatory‐excitatory combinations, while inhibitory primarily contain excitatory‐inhibitory combinations. Both cluster have roughly equal numbers each layer. Importantly, most and form partnerships, indicating a balanced local network correlating with specific functional regions. These conserved mouse findings suggest brain regions cortex may exhibit similar mechanisms at population level.

Language: Английский

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Uncertainty-modulated prediction errors in cortical microcircuits

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 12, 2023

Abstract Understanding the variability of environment is essential to function in everyday life. The brain must hence take uncertainty into account when updating its internal model world. basis for are prediction errors that arise from a difference between current and new sensory experiences. Although error neurons have been identified layer 2/3 diverse areas, how modulates these learning is, however, unclear. Here, we use normative approach derive should modulate postulate represent uncertainty-modulated (UPE). We further hypothesise circuit calculates UPE through subtractive divisive inhibition by different inhibitory cell types. By implementing calculation UPEs microcircuit model, show types can compute means variances stimulus distribution. With local activity-dependent plasticity rules, computations be learned context-dependently, allow upcoming stimuli their Finally, mechanism enables an organism optimise strategy via adaptive rates.

Language: Английский

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