Depression-like phenotypes in mice following common bile duct ligation: Insights into the gut–liver–brain axis via the vagus nerve

Neurobiology of Disease, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 192, С. 106433 - 106433

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2024

Depression frequently occurs in patients with liver cirrhosis, yet the reasons for this correlation are not fully understood. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been implicated depression through gut–brain axis via vagus nerve. This study explored potential role gut–liver–brain nerve depression-like phenotypes mice cirrhosis. These underwent common bile duct ligation (CBDL), a method used to stimulate To assess behaviors, behavioral tests were conducted 10 days following either sham or CBDL surgeries. The displayed symptoms such as splenomegaly, elevated plasma levels interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, decreased synaptic proteins prefrontal cortex (PFC), disrupted balance, changes blood metabolites (or lipids). Additionally, there positive negative correlations between relative abundance microbiome data Significantly, these reversed by performing subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Intriguingly, improved after single injection arketamine, new antidepressant. results suggest that CBDL-induced mediated nerve, arketamine might offer treatment approach cirrhosis patients.

Язык: Английский

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Ketamine and its two enantiomers in anesthesiology and psychiatry: A historical review and future directions

Journal of Anesthesia and Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3(3), С. 65 - 75

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2024

Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, is widely utilized in both human and veterinary anesthesia. Its (S)-enantiomer, esketamine, similarly employed for anesthesia analgesia. The anesthetic effects of ketamine esketamine arise from their antagonism the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). In field psychiatry, rapid-acting antidepressant properties severe depression have generated significant interest, resulting its increased off-label usage United States (U.S.). 2019, nasal spray received approval use U.S. Europe. However, concerns emerged regarding potential adverse effects, including long-term efficacy, addiction risks, suicide risk clinical settings. contrast, arketamine, (R)-enantiomer ketamine, exhibits superior longer-lasting rodent models depression, with fewer side compared to esketamine. Nevertheless, research on efficacy safety arketamine patients remains limited. This article provides concise exploration historical two enantiomers while also delving into future directions application these fields.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the multifaceted potential of (R)-ketamine beyond antidepressant applications

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2024

( R , S )- and )-ketamine have made significant progress in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) become a research focus recent years. However, they both risks psychomimetic effects, dissociative abuse liability, which limit their clinical use. Recent preclinical studies shown that has more efficient lasting antidepressant effect with fewer side effects compared to )-ketamine. small-sample randomized controlled trial found although lower incidence adverse reactions adult TRD treatment, its efficacy is not superior placebo group, indicating advantage still needs further verification clarification. Moreover, an increasing body suggests might also applications prevention medical fields or diseases such as cognitive disorders, perioperative anesthesia, ischemic stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, substance use inflammatory diseases, COVID-19, organophosphate poisoning. This article briefly reviews mechanism action on antidepressants related )-ketamine, fully revealing application potential development prospects, providing some references assistance for subsequent expanded research.

Язык: Английский

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Depression-like phenotypes in mice with hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury: A role of gut–microbiota–liver–brain axis via vagus nerve

Journal of Affective Disorders, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 345, С. 157 - 167

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2023

Язык: Английский

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A role of gut–brain axis on prophylactic actions of arketamine in male mice exposed to chronic restrain stress

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 238, С. 173736 - 173736

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The mechanism of bone healing after traumatic brain injury

Brain‐X, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1(3)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

Abstract A growing body of evidence suggests that patients who experience traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) exhibit significantly shorter healing periods compared to those with isolated fractures. However, the precise underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. Recent studies have shed light on potential role hormonal signals and neural circuits originating in hypothalamus, which play vital roles regulating skeletal system. Despite these advances, there is a lack comprehensive research summarizing crucial bone TBIs mechanisms. This review aimed explore mechanisms responsible for accelerated observed TBI patients, specific focus intricate crosstalk between remodeling. Additionally, we comprehensively discuss summarize beneficial effects system examine TBI‐induced signaling pathways result fracture By dissecting pathways, aim identify targets intervention repair promotion.

Язык: Английский

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Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide regulated the gut microbiota-SCFAs-Th17/Treg cell axis and ameliorated the inflammation of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Journal of Functional Foods, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 109, С. 105811 - 105811

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbiota (GM) have emerged as key regulators inflammatory response. Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide (CDP), derived from traditional Chinese medicine deserticola, possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, precise mechanism which CDP modulates PMO via gut-bone axis remains elusive. In this study, we elucidated that could effectively restore GM composition, ameliorate intestinal mucosal damage, elevate SCFA levels, rebalance Th17/Treg cells equilibrium, attenuate accumulation proinflammatory cytokines, potentially facilitate osteoblast differentiation, suppress osteoclastogenesis, and enhance bone microarchitecture mice. Collectively, our findings provided compelling evidence alleviated PMO-associated inflammation, mediated through intricate interplay between GM-derived SCFAs cells.

Язык: Английский

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Ketamine and its metabolites: Potential as novel treatments for depression

Neuropharmacology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 230, С. 109492 - 109492

Опубликована: Март 6, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Ketamine, Esketamine, and Arketamine: Their Mechanisms of Action and Applications in the Treatment of Depression and Alleviation of Depressive Symptoms

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(10), С. 2283 - 2283

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2024

Research over the past years has compared enantiomers (S)-ketamine (esketamine) and (R)-ketamine (arketamine) of previously known racemic mixture called ketamine (R/S-ketamine). Esketamine been found to be more potent, offering three times stronger analgesic effects 1.5 greater anesthetic efficacy than arketamine. It provides smoother anesthesia with fewer side is widely used in clinical settings due its neuroprotective, bronchodilatory, antiepileptic properties. Approved by FDA EMA 2019, esketamine currently alongside SSRIs or SNRIs for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). On other hand, arketamine shown potential treating neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, possible antidepressant anti-inflammatory benefits. While already use, arketamine's future depends on further research address safety, efficacy, optimal dosing. Both hold significant value, excelling anesthesia, showing promise psychiatric treatments.

Язык: Английский

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Association of bone turnover markers and craving reduction in patients with alcohol use disorder during withdrawal: Exploring the role of bone‐brain axis

Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 48(12), С. 2294 - 2302

Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2024

Abstract Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with imbalanced bone turnover and psychological symptoms, but the relationship between brain remains unclear. The study analyzed serum levels of a formation marker, procollagen type 1 N‐terminal propeptide (P1NP), resorption C‐terminal telopeptide I collagen (CTX‐1), in AUD patients before after 2 weeks alcohol withdrawal investigated their correlation symptoms. Methods Ninety 117 healthy controls were recruited. P1NP CTX‐1 measured using Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Penn Craving Scale (PACS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Anxiety (BAI) assessed group at baseline, week 1, withdrawal. Results Baseline levels, along CTX‐1/P1NP P1NP/CTX‐1 ratio, higher than controls. Over 2‐week withdrawal, PACS, BDI, BAI scores demonstrated significant reductions. ( p < 0.001) ratio increased 0.001), while decreased indicating propensity toward formation. Univariate analysis revealed that reductions during correlated ratios. However, multivariate indicated only PACS score these changes. Conclusions Bone metabolism shifted improvements markers reduction craving supports concept bone‐brain axis.

Язык: Английский

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