Depression-like phenotypes in mice following common bile duct ligation: Insights into the gut–liver–brain axis via the vagus nerve

Neurobiology of Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 192, P. 106433 - 106433

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Depression frequently occurs in patients with liver cirrhosis, yet the reasons for this correlation are not fully understood. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been implicated depression through gut–brain axis via vagus nerve. This study explored potential role gut–liver–brain nerve depression-like phenotypes mice cirrhosis. These underwent common bile duct ligation (CBDL), a method used to stimulate To assess behaviors, behavioral tests were conducted 10 days following either sham or CBDL surgeries. The displayed symptoms such as splenomegaly, elevated plasma levels interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, decreased synaptic proteins prefrontal cortex (PFC), disrupted balance, changes blood metabolites (or lipids). Additionally, there positive negative correlations between relative abundance microbiome data Significantly, these reversed by performing subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Intriguingly, improved after single injection arketamine, new antidepressant. results suggest that CBDL-induced mediated nerve, arketamine might offer treatment approach cirrhosis patients.

Language: Английский

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Ketamine and its two enantiomers in anesthesiology and psychiatry: A historical review and future directions

Journal of Anesthesia and Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 65 - 75

Published: July 11, 2024

Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, is widely utilized in both human and veterinary anesthesia. Its (S)-enantiomer, esketamine, similarly employed for anesthesia analgesia. The anesthetic effects of ketamine esketamine arise from their antagonism the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). In field psychiatry, rapid-acting antidepressant properties severe depression have generated significant interest, resulting its increased off-label usage United States (U.S.). 2019, nasal spray received approval use U.S. Europe. However, concerns emerged regarding potential adverse effects, including long-term efficacy, addiction risks, suicide risk clinical settings. contrast, arketamine, (R)-enantiomer ketamine, exhibits superior longer-lasting rodent models depression, with fewer side compared to esketamine. Nevertheless, research on efficacy safety arketamine patients remains limited. This article provides concise exploration historical two enantiomers while also delving into future directions application these fields.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the multifaceted potential of (R)-ketamine beyond antidepressant applications

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 11, 2024

( R , S )- and )-ketamine have made significant progress in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) become a research focus recent years. However, they both risks psychomimetic effects, dissociative abuse liability, which limit their clinical use. Recent preclinical studies shown that has more efficient lasting antidepressant effect with fewer side effects compared to )-ketamine. small-sample randomized controlled trial found although lower incidence adverse reactions adult TRD treatment, its efficacy is not superior placebo group, indicating advantage still needs further verification clarification. Moreover, an increasing body suggests might also applications prevention medical fields or diseases such as cognitive disorders, perioperative anesthesia, ischemic stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, substance use inflammatory diseases, COVID-19, organophosphate poisoning. This article briefly reviews mechanism action on antidepressants related )-ketamine, fully revealing application potential development prospects, providing some references assistance for subsequent expanded research.

Language: Английский

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Depression-like phenotypes in mice with hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury: A role of gut–microbiota–liver–brain axis via vagus nerve

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 345, P. 157 - 167

Published: Oct. 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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A role of gut–brain axis on prophylactic actions of arketamine in male mice exposed to chronic restrain stress

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 238, P. 173736 - 173736

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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The mechanism of bone healing after traumatic brain injury

Brain‐X, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(3)

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Abstract A growing body of evidence suggests that patients who experience traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) exhibit significantly shorter healing periods compared to those with isolated fractures. However, the precise underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. Recent studies have shed light on potential role hormonal signals and neural circuits originating in hypothalamus, which play vital roles regulating skeletal system. Despite these advances, there is a lack comprehensive research summarizing crucial bone TBIs mechanisms. This review aimed explore mechanisms responsible for accelerated observed TBI patients, specific focus intricate crosstalk between remodeling. Additionally, we comprehensively discuss summarize beneficial effects system examine TBI‐induced signaling pathways result fracture By dissecting pathways, aim identify targets intervention repair promotion.

Language: Английский

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Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide regulated the gut microbiota-SCFAs-Th17/Treg cell axis and ameliorated the inflammation of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Journal of Functional Foods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 109, P. 105811 - 105811

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbiota (GM) have emerged as key regulators inflammatory response. Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide (CDP), derived from traditional Chinese medicine deserticola, possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, precise mechanism which CDP modulates PMO via gut-bone axis remains elusive. In this study, we elucidated that could effectively restore GM composition, ameliorate intestinal mucosal damage, elevate SCFA levels, rebalance Th17/Treg cells equilibrium, attenuate accumulation proinflammatory cytokines, potentially facilitate osteoblast differentiation, suppress osteoclastogenesis, and enhance bone microarchitecture mice. Collectively, our findings provided compelling evidence alleviated PMO-associated inflammation, mediated through intricate interplay between GM-derived SCFAs cells.

Language: Английский

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Ketamine and its metabolites: Potential as novel treatments for depression

Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 230, P. 109492 - 109492

Published: March 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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Ketamine, Esketamine, and Arketamine: Their Mechanisms of Action and Applications in the Treatment of Depression and Alleviation of Depressive Symptoms

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 2283 - 2283

Published: Oct. 9, 2024

Research over the past years has compared enantiomers (S)-ketamine (esketamine) and (R)-ketamine (arketamine) of previously known racemic mixture called ketamine (R/S-ketamine). Esketamine been found to be more potent, offering three times stronger analgesic effects 1.5 greater anesthetic efficacy than arketamine. It provides smoother anesthesia with fewer side is widely used in clinical settings due its neuroprotective, bronchodilatory, antiepileptic properties. Approved by FDA EMA 2019, esketamine currently alongside SSRIs or SNRIs for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). On other hand, arketamine shown potential treating neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, possible antidepressant anti-inflammatory benefits. While already use, arketamine's future depends on further research address safety, efficacy, optimal dosing. Both hold significant value, excelling anesthesia, showing promise psychiatric treatments.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic potential of Garcinia kola against experimental toxoplasmosis in rats

Brain Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(4)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Cerebral toxoplasmosis, the most common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals, is increasingly reported immunocompetent individuals due to mutant strains of Toxoplasma gondii, which, furthermore, are be resistant available treatments. We assessed therapeutic potential Garcinia kola, a medicinal plant have antiplasmodial and neuroprotective properties, against experimental toxoplasmosis rats. Severe was induced male Wistar rats (156.7 ± 4.1 g) by injecting them with 10 million tachyzoites suspension 500 µl saline (intraperitoneal), exclusive feeding low-protein diet [7% protein (weight weight)]. Then, animals were treated hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate fractions kola. Footprints analysed open-field elevated plus maze ethological tests performed when symptoms severe disease observed infected controls. After sacrifice, blood samples processed for Giemsa staining, organs haematoxylin eosin brains Nissl staining cell counting. Compared non-infected animals, control had significantly lower body weights (30.27%↓, P = 0.001), higher temperatures (P 0.033) during together signs cognitive impairment neurologic deficits such as arena centre entries < open-arm time 0.029) decreased stride lengths step widths well neuronal loss various brain areas. The fraction kola prevented or mitigated these signs. Our data suggest that has cerebral toxoplasmosis.

Language: Английский

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