The Glymphatic System: A Novel Component of Fundamental Neurobiology

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 41(37), С. 7698 - 7711

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2021

Throughout the body, lymphatic fluid movement supports critical functions including clearance of excess and metabolic waste. The glymphatic system is analog in CNS. As such, plays a key role regulating directional interstitial movement, waste clearance, and, potentially, brain immunity. enables bulk CSF from subarachnoid space along periarterial spaces, where it mixes with within parenchyma before ultimately exiting via perivenous spaces. This review focuses on important questions about structure this system, why needs transport unexplored aspects transport. We provide evidence that astrocytes blood vessels determine shape perivascular space, controlling fluid. Glymphatic has potential to alter local as well global signaling molecules metabolites. also highlight for cross talk among cardiovascular gastrointestinal tract, system. Much remains be studied, but we propose glymphatic/lymphatic acts cornerstone between body.

Язык: Английский

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Endocrine disorders in Prader-Willi syndrome: a model to understand and treat hypothalamic dysfunction

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(4), С. 235 - 246

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2021

Язык: Английский

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The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

Life, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(10), С. 1234 - 1234

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2024

Microbes have inhabited the earth for hundreds of millions years longer than humans. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) represents a bidirectional communication pathway. These communications occur between central nervous system (CNS), enteric (ENS), and emotional cognitive centres brain. field research on gut-brain has grown significantly during past two decades. Signalling occurs gut microbiota brain through neural, endocrine, immune, humoral pathways. A substantial body evidence indicates that MGBA plays pivotal role in various neurological diseases. include Alzheimer's disease (AD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD), non-Alzheimer's neurodegeneration dementias, fronto-temporal lobe dementia (FTLD), Wilson-Konovalov (WD), multisystem atrophy (MSA), Huntington's chorea (HC), Parkinson's (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral (ALS), temporal epilepsy (TLE), depression, schizophrenia (SCZ). Furthermore, correlation therapeutics will be discussed. Conversely, mood delivery, exercise, psychotropic agents, stress, neurologic drugs can influence MGBA. By understanding MGBA, it may possible to facilitate into microbial-based interventions therapeutic strategies

Язык: Английский

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Hormonal disorders in autism spectrum disorders

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurobehavioral condition characterized by disruption of behavioral and emotional patterns in individuals with this condition. Given that various environmental genetic factors play fundamental role the pathophysiology ASD, it can be said ASD multifaceted disease. This study used scientific databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Semantic Scholar. In review, we aimed to select manuscripts based on our field relevant topic article. Emerging studies have shown many neural, anatomical, chemical development ASD. regard, an increasing body has pointed out relationship between factors, hormones, which important These hormones include melatonin, serotonin, thyroid, oxytocin, vasopressin, insulin-like growth hormone (IGF-1), etc. For instance, IGF-1 levels are low individuals, or melatonin reduced individuals. Therefore, take into account these findings, decided check over association concise overview their potential as therapeutic solutions reduce effects

Язык: Английский

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Crosstalk between Schizophrenia and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Oxytocinergic Dysfunction

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(13), С. 7092 - 7092

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2022

The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in persons with schizophrenia has spurred investigational efforts to study the mechanism beneath its pathophysiology. Early psychosis dysfunction is present across multiple organ systems. On this account, may be a multisystem disorder which one system predominantly affected and where other systems are also concurrently involved. Growing evidence overlapping neurobiological profiles risk factors psychiatric symptoms, such as an association cognitive dysfunction, altered autonomic nervous regulation, desynchrony resting-state default mode network, shared genetic liability, suggest that connected via common pathways central pathogenesis, underpinned by oxytocin dysfunction. Oxytocin, hormone involves mechanisms food intake homeostasis, partly explain piece puzzle underlying association. Given prosocial anorexigenic properties, been administered intranasally investigate therapeutic potential obesity. Although pathophysiology oxytocinergic both complex it still too early draw conclusion upon, yield new mechanistic insight into pathogenesis treatment.

Язык: Английский

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The Long Way of Oxytocin from the Uterus to the Heart in 70 Years from Its Discovery

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(3), С. 2556 - 2556

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2023

The research program on oxytocin started in 1895, when Oliver and Schafer reported that a substance extracted from the pituitary gland elevates blood pressure injected intravenously into dogs. Dale later neurohypophysial triggers uterine contraction, lactation, antidiuresis. Purification of this extracts revealed vasopressor antidiuretic activity could be attributed to vasopressin, while uterotonic lactation oxytocin. In 1950, amino-acid sequences vasopressin were determined chemically synthesized. Vasopressin (CYFQNCPRG-NH2) (CYIQNCPLG-NH2) differ by two amino acids have disulfide bridge between cysteine residues at position one six conserved all vasopressin/oxytocin-type peptides. This characterization led Nobel Prize awarded 1955 Vincent du Vigneaud. Nevertheless, it was only 50 years evidence mice depleted or its receptor develop late-onset obesity metabolic syndrome established regulates energy metabolism. Oxytocin is anorexigenic lean/fat mass composition skeletal muscle. Oxytocin’s effect muscle mediated thermogenesis via pathway initiated myocardium. involvement contraction linked Prader-Willi humans, opening exciting therapeutic avenues.

Язык: Английский

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Association of intergenerational relationship and supports with cognitive performance in older adults: A systematic review

Geriatric Nursing, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52, С. 146 - 151

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Oxytocin in Early-Life-Stress-Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(13), С. 10430 - 10430

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023

Early-life stress during critical periods of brain development can have long-term effects on physical and mental health. Oxytocin is a social regulator anti-inflammatory hormone that modulates stress-related functions behaviors alleviates diseases. Oxytocin-related neural systems show high plasticity in early postpartum adolescent periods. influence the oxytocin system long term by altering expression signaling receptors. Deficits behavior, emotional control, responses may result, thus increasing risk anxiety, depression, other neuropsychiatric regarded as an important target for treatment disorders. Here, we describe history its role circuits related behaviors. We then review abnormalities early-life treating

Язык: Английский

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Investigating the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory using Caenorhabditis elegans

Journal of Neurochemistry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 159(3), С. 417 - 451

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2021

Abstract Learning is an essential biological process for survival since it facilitates behavioural plasticity in response to environmental changes. This mediated by a wide variety of genes, mostly expressed the nervous system. Many studies have extensively explored molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying learning memory. review will focus on advances gained through study nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . C provides excellent system because its genetic tractability, addition invariant, compact (~300 neurons) that well‐characterised at structural level. Importantly, despite nature, possesses high level conservation with mammalian systems. These features allow genes within specific sensory‐, inter‐ motor neurons, facilitating interrogation signalling pathways mediate via defined neural circuits. detail how memory can be studied paradigms target distinct sensory modalities. We also summarise recent describing which key are proposed affect associative non‐associative forms learning. image

Язык: Английский

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Oxytocin and Bone: Review and Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(16), С. 8551 - 8551

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2021

Recent data demonstrate the anabolic effect of oxytocin on bone. Bone cells express receptors. Oxytocin promotes osteoblasts differentiation and function, leading to an increased bone formation with no resorption improvement microarchitecture. is synthetized by osteoblasts, this synthesis stimulated estrogen. Animal studies a direct action bone, as systemic administration prevents reverses loss induced estrogen deficiency. Although involved in both sexes during development, treatment has male osteoporosis, underlining importance that amplifies its local autocrine paracrine secretion. There are few human showing decrease serum level anorexia nervosa independently amenorrheic women associated impaired microarchitecture; post-menopausal higher density, but not osteoporotic men. displays many effects may be beneficial management cardiovascular diseases, cognitive disorders, breast cancer, diabetes body fat gain, all age-related diseases affecting elderly women, opening exciting therapeutic perspectives, although issue find single route, dosage schedule able reach these targets.

Язык: Английский

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