Abstract
At
present,
more
and
people
are
suffering
from
various
diseases
it
is
particularly
important
to
find
a
suitable
biological
model
evaluate
the
prevention
treatment
effects
of
drugs
active
ingredients
on
diseases.
In
all
models,
Caenorhabditis
elegans
kind
organism
that
easy
observe
cultivate,
has
clear
genetic
background
high
degree
signal
pathway
conservation
with
humans.
A
variety
such
as
polyphenols,
polysaccharides,
polypeptides,
vitamins
exist
natural
products,
which
extremely
physiological
functions
medicinal
values.
It
highly
reliable
trophic
functional
properties
products
in
C.
.
The
antiaging,
anti‐oxidation,
regulating
lipid
metabolism,
preventing
treating
Alzheimer's
disease
were
clarified
this
review.
same
time,
its
possible
pathways
summarized.
literature
revealed
had
great
effect
nutrition
functionality
Finally,
shortcomings
field
suggestions
for
further
improvement
have
been
emphasized.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2023
Although
painful
stimuli
elicit
defensive
responses
including
escape
behavior
for
survival,
starved
animals
often
prioritize
feeding
over
even
in
a
noxious
environment.
This
behavioral
priority
is
typically
mediated
by
suppression
of
inputs
through
descending
control
the
brain,
yet
underlying
molecular
and
cellular
mechanisms
are
incompletely
understood.
Here
we
identify
cluster
GABAergic
neurons
Drosophila
larval
designated
as
SEZ-localized
Descending
(SDGs),
that
project
axons
onto
axon
terminals
peripheral
nociceptive
prevent
presynaptic
activity
GABAB
receptors.
Remarkably,
glucose
to
larvae
causes
sustained
activation
SDGs
glucose-sensing
subsequent
insulin
signaling
SDGs,
which
attenuates
nociception
thereby
suppresses
response
multiple
stimuli.
These
findings
illustrate
neural
mechanism
sugar
sensing
brain
engages
gating
achieve
hierarchical
interaction
between
behavior.
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
584, С. 112162 - 112162
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2024
Peptides
and
protein
hormones
form
the
largest
group
of
secreted
signals
that
mediate
intercellular
communication
are
central
regulators
physiology
behavior
in
all
animals.
Phylogenetic
analyses
biochemical
identifications
peptide-receptor
systems
reveal
a
broad
evolutionary
conservation
these
signaling
at
molecular
level.
Substantial
progress
has
been
made
recent
years
on
characterizing
physiological
putative
ancestral
roles
many
peptide
through
comparative
studies
invertebrate
models.
Several
peptides
not
only
molecularly
conserved
but
also
have
across
animal
phyla.
Here,
we
focus
functional
insights
gained
nematode
Caenorhabditis
elegans
that,
with
its
compact
well-described
nervous
system,
provides
powerful
model
to
dissect
neuroendocrine
networks
involved
control
behavior.
We
summarize
discoveries
knowledge
functions
hormone
C.
elegans.
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
585, С. 112173 - 112173
Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2024
Insulin-like
peptides
are
a
group
of
hormones
crucial
for
regulating
metabolism,
growth,
and
development
in
animals.
Invertebrates,
such
as
C.
elegans,
have
been
instrumental
understanding
the
molecular
mechanisms
insulin-like
peptides.
Here,
we
review
40
peptide
genes
encoded
elegans
genome.
Despite
large
number,
there
is
only
one
receptor,
called
DAF-2.
The
insulin
growth
factor
signaling
(IIS)
pathway
evolutionarily
conserved
from
worms
to
humans.
Thus
provides
an
excellent
model
understand
how
these
function.
unique
that
it
possesses
antagonistic
properties,
unlike
all
human
peptides,
which
agonists.
This
overview
current
literature
on
structures,
processing,
tissue
localization,
regulation.
We
will
also
provide
examples
during
development,
germline
learning/memory,
longevity.
Abstract
Neuropeptides
are
abundant
signaling
molecules
that
control
neuronal
activity
and
behavior
in
all
animals.
Owing
part
to
its
well-defined
compact
nervous
system,
Caenorhabditis
elegans
has
been
one
of
the
primary
model
organisms
used
investigate
how
neuropeptide
networks
organized
these
neurochemicals
regulate
behavior.
We
here
review
recent
work
expanded
our
understanding
neuropeptidergic
network
C.
by
mapping
evolutionary
conservation,
molecular
expression,
receptor–ligand
interactions,
system-wide
organization
pathways
system.
also
describe
general
insights
into
circuit
motifs
spatiotemporal
range
peptidergic
transmission
have
emerged
from
vivo
studies
on
signaling.
With
efforts
ongoing
chart
peptide
other
organisms,
connectome
can
serve
as
a
prototype
further
understand
dynamics
at
organismal
level.
Consumption
of
food
and
water
is
tightly
regulated
by
the
nervous
system
to
maintain
internal
nutrient
homeostasis.
Although
generally
considered
independently,
interactions
between
hunger
thirst
drives
are
important
coordinate
competing
needs.
In
Drosophila
,
four
neurons
called
interoceptive
subesophageal
zone
(ISNs)
respond
intrinsic
signals
oppositely
regulate
sucrose
ingestion.
Here,
we
investigate
neural
circuit
downstream
ISNs
examine
how
ingestion
based
on
Utilizing
recently
available
fly
brain
connectome,
find
that
synapse
with
a
novel
cell-type
bilateral
T-shaped
neuron
(BiT)
projects
neuroendocrine
centers.
vivo
manipulations
revealed
BiT
regulates
sugar
Neuroendocrine
cells
include
several
peptide-releasing
peptide-sensing
neurons,
including
insulin
producing
(IPCs),
crustacean
cardioactive
peptide
(CCAP)
CCHamide-2
receptor
isoform
RA
(CCHa2R-RA)
neurons.
These
contribute
differentially
water,
IPCs
CCAP
regulating
ingestion,
CCHa2R-RA
modulating
only
Thus,
decision
consume
or
occurs
via
regulation
broad
peptidergic
network
integrates
nutritional
state
generate
nutrient-specific
Consumption
of
food
and
water
is
tightly
regulated
by
the
nervous
system
to
maintain
internal
nutrient
homeostasis.
Although
generally
considered
independently,
interactions
between
hunger
thirst
drives
are
important
coordinate
competing
needs.
In
Drosophila
,
four
neurons
called
interoceptive
subesophageal
zone
(ISNs)
respond
intrinsic
signals
oppositely
regulate
sucrose
ingestion.
Here,
we
investigate
neural
circuit
downstream
ISNs
examine
how
ingestion
based
on
Utilizing
recently
available
fly
brain
connectome,
find
that
synapse
with
a
novel
cell-type
bilateral
T-shaped
neuron
(BiT)
projects
neuroendocrine
centers.
vivo
manipulations
revealed
BiT
regulates
sugar
Neuroendocrine
cells
include
several
peptide-releasing
peptide-sensing
neurons,
including
insulin
producing
(IPCs),
crustacean
cardioactive
peptide
(CCAP)
CCHamide-2
receptor
isoform
RA
(CCHa2R-RA)
neurons.
These
contribute
differentially
water,
IPCs
CCAP
regulating
ingestion,
CCHa2R-RA
modulating
only
Thus,
decision
consume
or
occurs
via
regulation
broad
peptidergic
network
integrates
nutritional
state
generate
nutrient-specific
