EMC - Endocrinologie - Nutrition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 35(2), С. 1 - 6
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14
Опубликована: Март 8, 2023
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is often described as repeated phases of binge drinking, compulsive alcohol-taking, craving for alcohol during withdrawal, and drinking with an aim to a reduce the negative consequences. Although multifaceted, alcohol-induced reward one aspect influencing former three these. The neurobiological mechanisms regulating AUD processes are complex these systems gut-brain peptide ghrelin. vast physiological properties ghrelin mediated via growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR, receptor). Ghrelin well known its ability control feeding, hunger, metabolism. Moreover, signaling appears central alcohol-mediated responses; findings reviewed herein. In male rodents GHSR antagonism reduces consumption, prevents relapse attenuates motivation consume alcohol. On other hand, increases consumption This ghrelin-alcohol interaction also verified some extent in humans high consumption. addition, either pharmacological or genetic suppression decreases several alcohol-related effects (behavioral neurochemical). Indeed, this blocks hyperlocomotion dopamine release nucleus accumbens ablates conditioned place preference model. not fully elucidated, involve areas reward, such ventral tegmental area (VTA) brain nodes targeted by VTA projections. As briefly, pathway does only modulate effects, it regulates reward-related behaviors induced addictive drugs. personality traits like impulsivity risk-taking common patients AUD, role thereof unknown remains be studied. summary, addiction therefore possibility that drug-taking should explored randomized clinical trials.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
9
BMC Veterinary Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 21(1)
Опубликована: Май 26, 2025
The gut-brain axis is regarded as the "second brain" of host. Gut microbiota and their metabolites affect intestinal homeostasis, function, phenotype by regulating bidirectional communication between gut brain. This serves a vital strategy for understanding how regulate nutrient metabolism adaptability in animals. study explored metabolic mechanisms through which Tibetan sheep adapt to high-altitude environments via rumen microbiota-gut-brain across different phenological periods (returning-green period, fresh grass period withered period). By analyzing indicators, neurotransmitters, gene protein expression serum, rumen, adipose, hypothalamic tissues, we discovered that energy markers (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose) immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM) serum were significantly elevated during (P < 0.05). In contrast, thyroid hormones T3 T4 at higher levels returning-green density fiber-degrading bacteria was Meanwhile, densities Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Selenomonas ruminantium, Treponema bryantii positively correlated with isovaleric acid concentration Neurotransmitters (5-HT, DOPAC, 5-HIAA, NE) both epithelium hypothalamus analysis cAMP-PKA-pCREB pathway showed genes proteins UCP1, PKA, CREB1 highly expressed adipose tissue periods, there significant negative correlations specific summary, axis, neurotransmitter changes establish unique adaptation mechanism.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(20), С. 11171 - 11171
Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2021
Changes in functionality and composition of gut microbiota (GM) have been associated may contribute to the development maintenance obesity related diseases. The aim our study was investigate for first time impact Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum IMC 510 a rat model diet-induced obesity, specifically cafeteria (CAF) diet. This diet provides strong motivation voluntary overeat, due palatability variety selected energy-dense foods. oral administration 84 days this probiotic strain, added CAF diet, decreased food intake body weight gain. Accordingly, it ameliorated mass index, liver white adipose tissue weight, hepatic lipid accumulation, adipocyte size, serum parameters, including glycemia low-density lipoprotein levels, fed rats, potentially through leptin control. In scenario, L. showed also beneficial effects on GM, limiting microbial imbalance established by long exposure preserving proportion different bacterial taxa. Further research is necessary better elucidate relationship between GM overweight then mechanism action which modifies weight. However, these promising results prompt clear advantage supplementation identify new potential as novel safe therapeutic approach prevention management.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
16
Comprehensive Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 128, С. 152435 - 152435
Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2023
The heterogeneity of gambling disorder (GD) has led to the identification different subtypes, mostly including phenotypic features, with distinctive implications on GD severity and treatment outcome. However, clustering analyses based potential endophenotypic such as neuropsychological neuroendocrine factors, are scarce so far.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(15), С. 2451 - 2451
Опубликована: Июль 28, 2024
It is the purpose of this review to compare differences in postnatal epigenetic programming at level DNA and RNA methylation later obesity risk between infants receiving artificial formula feeding (FF) contrast natural breastfeeding (BF). FF bears aberrant enhances expression demethylase fat mass- obesity-associated gene (FTO), pointing further deviations methylome. Based on a literature search through Web Science, Google Scholar, PubMed databases concerning dietary factors influencing FTO protein activity, FTO’s impact adipogenic was investigated. Accumulated translational evidence underscores that total intake as well tryptophan, kynurenine, branched-chain amino acids, milk exosomal miRNAs, NADP, NADPH are crucial regulators modifying activity. Increased FTO-mTORC1-S6K1 signaling may epigenetically suppress WNT/β-catenin pathway, enhancing adipocyte precursor cell proliferation adipogenesis. Formula-induced FTO-dependent alterations N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylome represent novel unfavorable molecular events development adipogenesis obesity, necessitating investigations. BF provides physiological regulation, compelling reason rely BF.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(23), С. 5084 - 5084
Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2022
Gambling disorder (GD) is a modestly prevalent and severe condition for which neurobiology not yet fully understood. Although alterations in signals involved energy homeostasis have been studied substance use disorders, they to be examined detail GD. The aims of the present study were compare different endocrine neuropsychological factors between individuals with GD healthy controls (HC) explore interactions clinical variables. A case−control design was performed 297 41 without (healthy controls; HCs), assessed through semi-structured interview psychometric battery. For evaluation anthropometric variables, 38 HCs added initially evaluated. Individuals presented higher fasting plasma ghrelin (p < 0.001) lower LEAP2 adiponectin concentrations than HCs, after adjusting body mass index (BMI). group reported cognitive impairment regarding flexibility decision-making strategies, worse psychological state, impulsivity levels, more dysfunctional personality profile. Despite failing find significant associations either or aspects group, some impaired dimensions (i.e., WAIS Vocabulary test WCST Perseverative errors) statistically predicted presence. findings from suggest that distinctive dysfunctions may operate predict Further exploration endophenotypic vulnerability pathways appear warranted, especially respect etiological therapeutic potentials.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
10
Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 195, С. 106875 - 106875
Опубликована: Июль 28, 2023
Neuromedin U (NMU) is a bioactive peptide produced in the gut and brain, with role multiple physiological processes. NMU acts by binding activating two G protein coupled receptors (GPCR), receptor 1 (NMU-R1), which predominantly expressed periphery, 2 (NMU-R2), mainly central nervous system (CNS). In NMU-R2 are consistently present hypothalamus, commonly recognized as main "feeding center". Considering its distribution pattern, revealed to be an important neuropeptide involved regulation of food intake, powerful anorexigenic ability. This has been observed through direct administration studies using genetically modified animals, obesity phenotype when gene deleted. Thus, development analogs or agonists might represent promising pharmacological strategy treat obese individuals. Furthermore, demonstrated influence non-homeostatic aspect playing potential binge eating behavior. review aims discuss summarize current literature linking behavior, focusing on intake neuronal mechanisms underlying anti-obesity properties. Pharmacological strategies improve pharmacokinetic profile will also reported.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
5
Addictive Behaviors, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 153, С. 107968 - 107968
Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024
Neurobiological characteristics have been identified regarding the severity of gambling disorder (GD). The aims this study were: (1) to examine, through a path analysis, whether there was relationship between neuroendocrine features, potentially mediational GD variables, and severity, (2) associate with severity-related variables according preferences. Methods: sample included 297 outpatients GD. We analyzed endocrine concentrations different appetite-related hormones (ghrelin, liver antimicrobial peptide 2 [LEAP-2], leptin, adiponectin), neuropsychological performance (working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibition, decision making, premorbid intelligence). Path analysis assessed mechanisms features including (impulsivity traits gambling-related distortions). Partial correlations evaluated associations impulsivity traits, related (DSM-5, South Oaks Gambling Screen, illness duration, Results: Lower adiponectin predicted greater while higher LEAP-2 more distortions. Likewise, better directly but worse associated Also, in non-strategic individuals GD, poor working memory expectancies predictive control. In strategic flexibility illusion control, inability stop gambling. Conclusions: These results provide updated information about comprehension interaction clinical Thus, neurobiological functions seem be strongly severity.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Frontiers in Pediatrics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12
Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2024
Small-for-gestational age (SGA) has been a great concern in the perinatal period as it leads to adverse outcomes and increased neonatal morbidity mortality, an impact on long-term health outcomes, increases risk of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular, endocrine diseases adulthood. As endogenous ligand growth hormone secretagotor (GHS-R), ghrelin may play important role regulating energy homeostasis from fetal adult life. We reviewed catch-up metabolism SGA recent years. In addition promoting growth, also participate maintain homeostasis. The causes small gestational infants are very complex be related variety pathway disorders. signaling pathways regulated by help identify high-risk groups disorders formulate targeted interventions prevent occurrence dwarfism, insulin resistance-related syndrome other diseases.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 235, С. 114308 - 114308
Опубликована: Март 22, 2022
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
5