CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
30(8)
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024
Abstract
Background
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
pathogenesis
is
complex.
The
pathophysiology
not
fully
understood,
and
safe
effective
treatments
are
needed.
Glycogen
synthase
kinase
3β
(GSK‐3β)
mediates
AD
progression
through
several
signaling
pathways.
Recently,
studies
have
found
that
various
natural
compounds
from
herbs
nutraceuticals
can
significantly
improve
symptoms.
Aims
This
review
aims
to
provide
a
comprehensive
summary
of
the
potential
neuroprotective
impacts
as
inhibitors
GSK‐3β
in
treatment
AD.
Materials
Methods
We
conducted
systematic
literature
search
on
PubMed,
ScienceDirect,
Web
Science,
Google
Scholar,
focusing
vitro
vivo
investigated
Results
mechanism
may
be
related
activation
inhibition
regulate
amyloid
beta
production,
tau
protein
hyperphosphorylation,
cell
apoptosis,
cellular
inflammation.
By
reviewing
recent
phytochemicals
intervention,
flavonoids
including
oxyphylla
A,
quercetin,
morin,
icariin,
linarin,
genipin,
isoorientin
were
reported
potent
for
treatment.
Polyphenols
such
schisandrin
B,
magnolol,
dieckol
inhibitory
effects
models,
models.
Sulforaphene,
ginsenoside
Rd,
gypenoside
XVII,
falcarindiol,
epibrassinolides,
1,8‐Cineole,
andrographolide
promising
inhibitors.
Conclusions
Natural
candidates
They
qualify
derivatives
development
enhanced
pharmacological
characteristics.
Journal of Ginseng Research,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023
Panax
ginseng
Meyer
is
a
traditional
Chinese
medicine
that
widely
used
as
tonic
in
Asia.
The
main
pharmacologically
active
components
of
are
the
dammarane-type
ginsenosides,
which
have
been
shown
to
anti-cancer,
anti-inflammatory,
immunoregulatory,
neuroprotective,
and
metabolic
regulatory
activities.
Moreover,
some
ginsenosides
(eg,
Rh2
Rg3)
developed
into
nutraceuticals.
However,
utilization
clinic
restrictive
due
poor
permeability
cells
low
bioavailability
human
body.
Obviously,
dammarane
skeleton
glycosyls
responsible
for
these
limitations.
Therefore,
improving
oral
has
become
pressing
issue.
Here,
based
on
structures
we
summarized
understanding
factors
affecting
introduced
methods
enhance
proposed
future
perspectives
ginsenosides.
Journal of Ginseng Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
48(3), С. 276 - 285
Опубликована: Март 22, 2024
Diabetes
mellitus
(DM)
is
a
systemic
disorder
of
energy
metabolism
characterized
by
sustained
elevation
blood
glucose
in
conjunction
with
impaired
insulin
action
multiple
peripheral
tissues
(i.e.,
resistance).
Although
extensive
research
has
been
conducted
to
identify
therapeutic
targets
for
the
treatment
DM,
its
global
prevalence
and
associated
mortailty
rates
are
still
increasing,
possibly
because
challenges
related
long-term
adherence,
limited
efficacy,
undesirable
side
effects
currently
available
medications,
implying
an
urgent
need
develop
effective
safe
pharmacotherapies
DM.
Phytochemicals
have
recently
drawn
attention
as
novel
DM
based
on
their
clinical
relevance,
safety.
Ginsenosides,
pharmacologically
active
ingredients
primarily
found
ginseng,
long
used
adjuvants
traditional
medications
Asian
countries
reported
exert
promising
efficacy
various
metabolic
diseases,
including
hyperglycemia
diabetes.
This
review
summarizes
current
pharmacological
ginsenosides
mechanistic
insights
resistance
providing
comprehensive
perspectives
development
strategies
treat
complications.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Май 7, 2024
Recent
research
on
traditional
Chinese
medicine
(TCM)
saponin
pharmacokinetics
has
revealed
transformative
breakthroughs
and
challenges.
The
multicomponent
nature
of
TCM
makes
it
difficult
to
select
representative
indicators
for
pharmacokinetic
studies.
clinical
application
saponins
is
limited
by
their
low
bioavailability
short
half-life,
resulting
in
fluctuating
plasma
concentrations.
Future
directions
should
focus
novel
compounds
utilizing
colon-specific
delivery
osmotic
pump
systems
enhance
oral
bioavailability.
Optimizing
drug
combinations,
such
as
ginsenosides
with
aspirin,
shows
therapeutic
potential.
Rigorous
validation
essential
practical
applications.
This
review
emphasizes
a
era
research,
highlighting
the
need
validation.
pharmacokinetics,
guided
principles,
are
development,
multidisciplinary
approaches
comprehensive
understanding.
provides
theoretical
basis
new
drugs
supports
rational
medication.
Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(4), С. 512 - 512
Опубликована: Март 28, 2022
It
is
well
known
that
ginsenosides—major
bioactive
constituents
of
Panax
ginseng—are
attracting
more
attention
due
to
their
beneficial
pharmacological
activities.
Ginsenoside
Rd,
belonging
protopanaxadiol
(PPD)-type
ginsenosides,
exhibits
diverse
and
powerful
In
recent
decades,
nearly
300
studies
on
the
activities
Rd—as
a
potential
treatment
for
variety
diseases—have
been
published.
However,
no
specific,
comprehensive
reviews
have
documented
date.
The
present
review
not
only
summarizes
in
vitro
vivo
health
benefits
including
anti-cancer,
anti-diabetic,
anti-inflammatory,
neuroprotective,
cardioprotective,
ischemic
stroke,
immunoregulation,
other
effects,
it
also
delves
into
inclusion
molecular
mechanisms,
providing
an
overview
future
prospects
use
Rd
chronic
metabolic
diseases
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Although
biotransformation,
pharmacokinetics,
clinical
reviewed,
trial
data
are
limited;
available
its
acute
stroke.
Therefore,
evidence
should
be
considered
studies.
Foods,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(2), С. 397 - 397
Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023
In
recent
years,
minor
ginsenosides
have
received
increasing
attention
due
to
their
outstanding
biological
activities,
yet
they
are
of
extremely
low
content
in
wild
ginseng.
Ginsenoside
Rb1,
which
accounts
for
20%
the
total
ginsenosides,
is
commonly
used
as
a
precursor
produce
via
β-glucosidases.
To
date,
many
research
groups
different
approaches
obtain
β-glucosidases
that
can
hydrolyze
ginsenoside
Rb1.
This
paper
provides
compilation
and
analysis
relevant
literature
published
mainly
last
decade,
focusing
on
enzymatic
hydrolysis
pathways,
characteristics
molecular
mechanisms
Rb1
by
Based
this,
it
be
concluded
that:
(1)
The
convert
derived
from
bacteria
fungi
classified
glycoside
hydrolase
(GH)
families
1
3,
through
six
pathways.
(2)
Almost
all
these
acidic
neutral
enzymes
with
masses
ranging
44–230
kDa.
Furthermore,
vary
widely
terms
optimal
temperature,
degradation
products
kinetics.
(3)
contrast
GH1
β-glucosidases,
GH3
show
close
sequence-function
relationships.
Mutations
affecting
substrate
binding
site
might
alter
catalytic
efficiency
yield
prosapogenins.
Further
studies
should
focus
elucidating
improving
overall
performances
better
application
food
pharmaceutical
industries.
Food Innovation and Advances,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
2(1), С. 36 - 43
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
common
neurodegenerative
disease,
which
seriously
impairs
human
health
and
life.
At
present,
scientists
have
proposed
more
than
dozen
hypotheses
about
the
pathogenesis
of
AD,
including
tau
propagation
hypothesis.
However,
exact
ultimate
pathogenic
factor
AD
remains
unknown.
Based
on
current
hypotheses,
some
anti-AD
drugs
(e.g.,
donepezil
Ketamine)
been
developed
used
in
clinical
treatment,
fall
into
two
main
categories,
acetylcholinesterase
inhibitors
(AChEIs)
N-methyl-D-aspartate
(NMDA)
receptor
antagonists,
former
representative
drug
donepezil,
latter
memantine.
Since
these
undesirable
side
effects,
it
necessary
to
find
safer
alternatives
for
treatment.
Interestingly,
dietary
phytochemicals
advantages
wide
source,
safety,
high
biological
activity,
natural
route
screening
drugs.
In
this
study,
several
representatives'
with
effect,
resveratrol,
lycopene,
gallic
acid,
berberine,
ginsenoside
Rg1,
pseudoginsenoside-F11,
Rh2,
artemisinin,
torularhodin
were
selected
from
published
data
over
last
10
years
their
potential
molecular
mechanisms
applications
reviewed
treatment
AD.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
171, С. 116111 - 116111
Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2024
Ischemia-reperfusion
injury
(IRI)
represents
a
prevalent
pathological
phenomenon.
Traditional
treatment
approaches
primarily
aim
at
restoring
blood
supply
to
ischemic
organs,
disregarding
the
consequent
damage
caused
by
IRI.
Belonging
class
of
protopanaxadiol
ginsenosides
that
are
found
in
Panax
ginseng,
ginsenoside
Rd
(GSRd)
demonstrates
notable
safety
alongside
diverse
range
biological
functions.
Its
active
components
exhibit
pharmacological
effects,
encompassing
anti-inflammatory,
anti-tumor,
neuroprotective,
cardiovascular-protective,
and
immune-regulatory
properties,
making
it
promising
candidate
for
addressing
multiple
medical
conditions.
GSRd
shields
against
I/R
employing
crucial
cellular
mechanisms,
including
attenuation
oxidative
stress,
reduction
inflammation,
promotion
cell
survival
signaling
pathways,
inhibition
apoptotic
pathways.
Additionally,
regulates
mitochondrial
function,
maintains
calcium
homeostasis,
modulates
expression
genes
involved
injury.
This
review
seeks
consolidate
mechanism
action
within
context
Our
objective
is
contribute
advancement
GSRd-related
pharmaceuticals
provide
novel
insights
clinicians
developing
IRI
strategies.
