Psychobiotics and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Where Do We Go from Here?
Microorganisms,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(4), С. 634 - 634
Опубликована: Март 22, 2024
The
bidirectional
relationship
between
the
gut
microbiota
and
nervous
system
is
known
as
microbiota-gut-brain
axis
(MGBA).
MGBA
controls
complex
interactions
brain,
enteric
system,
gut-associated
immune
neuroendocrine
systems,
regulating
key
physiological
functions
such
response,
sleep,
emotions
mood,
food
intake,
intestinal
functions.
Psychobiotics
are
considered
tools
with
potential
to
modulate
through
preventive,
adjunctive,
or
curative
approaches,
but
their
specific
mechanisms
of
action
on
many
aspects
health
yet
be
characterized.
This
narrative
review
perspectives
article
highlights
paradigms
needing
attention
scope
probiotics
applications
in
human
increases,
a
growing
body
evidence
supporting
systemic
beneficial
effects.
However,
there
limitations
overcome
before
establishing
extent
which
we
can
incorporate
management
neuropsychiatric
disorders.
Although
this
uses
term
general
manner,
it
remains
important
study
at
strain
level
most
cases.
Язык: Английский
The short-chain fatty acid acetate modulates orexin/hypocretin neurons: A novel mechanism in gut-brain axis regulation of energy homeostasis and feeding
Biochemical Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
226, С. 116383 - 116383
Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2024
The
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
acetate,
propionate
and
butyrate,
the
major
products
of
intestinal
microbial
fermentation
dietary
fibres,
are
involved
in
fine-tuning
brain
functions
via
gut-brain
axis.
However,
effects
SCFAs
hypothalamic
neuronal
network
regulating
several
autonomic-brain
still
unknown.
Using
NMR
spectroscopy,
we
detected
a
reduction
acetate
concentrations
hypothalamus
obese
leptin
knockout
ob/ob
mice
compared
to
lean
wild-type
littermates.
Therefore,
investigated
effect
on
orexin
(Hcrt)
neurons,
subset
neurons
energy
homeostasis,
that
have
characterized
previous
studies
be
over-activated
by
lack
enhancement
endocannabinoid
tone
mice.
Here,
found
reduces
food-intake
concomitance
with
activity
This
was
demonstrated
evaluating
behaviour
orexin-A/c-FOS
immunoreactivity
coupled
patch-clamp
recordings
Hcrt-eGFP
quantification
prepro-orexin
mRNA,
immunolabeling
GPR-43,
main
receptor.
Our
data
provide
new
insights
into
mechanisms
chronic
supplementation
or
complex
carbohydrates,
intake
body
weight,
which
may
partly
mediated
inhibition
orexinergic
neuron
activity.
Язык: Английский
Different stressors uniquely affect the expression of endocannabinoid‐metabolizing enzymes in the central ring ganglia of Lymnaea stagnalis
Journal of Neurochemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2024
The
endocannabinoid
system
(ECS)
plays
an
important
role
in
neuroprotection,
neuroplasticity,
energy
balance,
modulation
of
stress,
and
inflammatory
responses,
acting
as
a
critical
link
between
the
brain
body's
peripheral
regions,
while
also
offering
promising
potential
for
novel
therapeutic
strategies.
Unfortunately,
humans,
pharmacological
inhibitors
different
ECS
enzymes
have
led
to
mixed
results
both
preclinical
clinical
studies.
As
has
been
highly
conserved
throughout
eukaryotic
lineage,
use
invertebrate
model
organisms
like
pond
snail
Lymnaea
stagnalis
may
provide
flexible
tool
unravel
unexplored
functions
at
cellular,
synaptic,
behavioral
levels.
In
this
study,
starting
from
available
genome
transcriptome
L.
stagnalis,
we
first
identified
putative
transcripts
all
containing
open
reading
frame.
Each
predicted
protein
possessed
high
degree
sequence
conservation
known
orthologues
other
vertebrate
organisms.
Sequences
were
confirmed
by
qualitative
PCR
sequencing.
Then,
investigated
transcriptional
effects
induced
stress
conditions
(i.e.,
bacterial
LPS
injection,
predator
scent,
food
deprivation,
acute
heat
shock)
on
expression
levels
Lymnaea's
central
ring
ganglia.
Our
suggest
that
rodents,
is
involved
mediating
anxiety-like
promoting
responding
stressors.
To
our
knowledge,
study
offers
most
comprehensive
analysis
so
far
organism.
Язык: Английский
Eating Disorders and the Endocannabinoid System
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Anorexia nervosa in children and adolescents: an early detection of risk factors
The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
50(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2024
Abstract
The
incidence
of
eating
disorders
in
children,
mainly
anorexia
nervosa,
is
dramatically
increased
the
last
years.
A
timely
identification
disease
associated
with
higher
rates
recovery.
Aim
work
to
underline
signs
and
symptoms
that
can
be
used
an
early
detection
nervosa
pediatric
age.
scoping
review
has
been
conducted
by
Italian
Pediatric
Society
Adolescent
Study
Group
according
PRISMA
Extension
guidelines
for
Scoping
Reviews,
using
search
term
“anorexia
nervosa”
following
filters
“review”,
“systematic
review”,
“age
0–18”,
“last
4
years”.
strategy
produced
657
studies,
which
52
were
included
this
revision.
Screening
red
flags
discussed
23
reports,
genetics
12,
neurological
pathways
11,
environmental
factors
10,
gut
microbiota
7.
An
accurate
physiological
pathological
anamnesis,
physical
psychological
examination,
including
body
perception,
should
taken
account
as
well
presence
co-morbidities,
chronic
functional
abdominal
pain
autoimmune/autoinflammatory
diseases.
Evidence
suggests
role
familiar
predisposition
morphology
pathway
development.
Gut
also
among
possible
risk
factor
developing
due
a
complex
direct
indirect
interactions
between
brain.
performing
familial
personal
evaluation
exam
auxological
parameters
screening
tool
during
checks
better
explore
nervosa.
Язык: Английский
Relationship of Genetic Polymorphisms and Microbial Composition with Binge Eating Disorder: A Systematic Review
Healthcare,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(14), С. 1441 - 1441
Опубликована: Июль 19, 2024
Humans
are
the
result
of
an
evolutionary
process,
and
because
this,
many
biological
processes
interconnected
with
each
other.
The
intestine-brain
axis
consists
intricately
connected
neuronal-neuroendocrine
circuit
that
regulates
sensation
hunger
satiety.
Genetic
variations
consumption
unnatural
diets
(ultra-processed
foods,
high
contents
sugars,
etc.)
can
override
this
cause
addiction
to
certain
foods
and/or
inability
feel
satiety
in
situations.
patients
who
come
consultations
(mainly
psychology
or
nutrition)
attempt
resolve
problem
sometimes
fail,
which
leads
them
looking
for
new
strategies
based
on
predisposition.
This
investigation
aims
evaluate
genetic
studies
regarding
microbiota
carried
out
last
12
years
humans
try
determine
genes
microbes
have
been
recently
studied
related
diagnosed
binge
eating
disorder
compulsive
(presenting
obesity
not).
protocol
followed
PRISMA
statement,
following
databases
were
searched
from
2012
until
present
day:
PubMed,
PsycINFO,
SCOPUS,
Web
Science.
Twenty-four
international
articles
analyzed,
including
cross-sectional
exploratory
studies;
five
referred
microbial
composition,
nineteen,
existence
polymorphisms
could
be
observed:
DRD2,
OPRM1,
COMT,
MC4R,
BNDF,
FTO,
SLC6A3,
GHRL,
CARTPT,
MCHR2,
LRP11.
Even
though
there
is
still
much
investigate
subject,
it
must
highlighted
that,
4
years,
a
two-fold
increase
has
observed
potential
markers
matter,
also
highlighting
importance
different
analyses
relation
psychosocial
factors
their
interaction
factors,
research
matter
continued.
Язык: Английский
Neurotoxic or Protective Cannabis Components: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9THC) and Cannabidol (CBD)
Journal of Exploratory Research in Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
8(4), С. 299 - 322
Опубликована: Июль 12, 2023
Cannabis
sativa
contains
phytocannabinoids
that
are
psychoactive
and
neurotoxic
(delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol:
Δ9THC)
or
nonpsychoactive
presumptively
neuroprotective
(cannabidiol:
CBD).
Along
with
rising
legalization,
availability,
demand,
the
Δ9THC:CBD
ratio
also
has
increased.
legalization
means
use
will
likely
increase
in
pregnant
breastfeeding
women,
affecting
all
stages
of
brain
neurodevelopment
their
offspring.
Δ9THC
exposure
utero
during
development
leads
to
lasting
detrimental
effects
on
behavior,
cognition,
locomotor
activity,
as
well
epigenetic
changes.
Caution
is
urged
cannabis
use.
CBD
one
most
actively
studied
therapies
for
a
broad
spectrum
neurological,
inflammatory,
mental
diseases
(e.g.,
Parkinson’s
disease,
Huntington’s
Alzheimer’s
schizophrenia)
because
its
efficacy,
low
toxicity,
availability.
While
data
indicate
benefits
may
outweigh
risks,
there
indications
it
poses
risk
adverse
from
in-utero
male
reproduction.
Therefore,
clear
need
continue
researching
optimal
treatment
related
disease
management
while
stressing
further
characterize
possible
effects.
Язык: Английский
Psychoneurendocrinology of eating disorders: findings, issues, and perspectives
Psychoneuroendocrinology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
162, С. 106978 - 106978
Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024
Язык: Английский
Microbiome variations induced by delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol predict weight reduction in obese mice
Frontiers in Microbiomes,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
3
Опубликована: Июль 16, 2024
Introduction
Obesity
and
high-fat
diets
induce
consistent
alterations
in
gut
microbiota
composition.
Observations
from
epidemiological
reviews
experiments
also
illustrate
weight
regulation
effects
of
delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
with
microbiome
shifts.
Therefore,
we
investigated
the
weight-loss
potential
THC
obese
mice
models
to
elucidate
contribution
specific
changes
THC-induced
loss.
Methods
High-fat
diet
induced
were
treated
oral
supplementation
for
two
weeks
compared
controls.
In
addition
measuring
weight,
fecal
samples
obtained
at
various
timepoints,
sequenced
bacterial
16s
rRNA
content
analyzed
using
QIIME2.
Alpha
beta
diversity
computed
followed
by
linear
mixed
(LME)
modeling
relative
abundance
relationship
treatment
change.
Results
both
male
female
mice,
group
had
significantly
greater
average
loss
than
controls
(−17.8%
vs.
−0.22%,
p<0.001
−13.8%
+2.9%,
respectively).
Male
8
taxonomic
features
that
different
change
over
time
correlated
An
LME
model
three
explained
76%
variance
24%
variation
fixed
feature
alone.
The
accurately
predicted
a
second
mouse
cohort
(R=0.64,
R
2
=0.41,
p=<0.001).
Female
fewer
significant
predictive
difficult
model,
but
male-produced
3-feature
still
females
(R=0.66,
=0.44,
p<0.001).
Conclusion
Using
stepwise
selection
approach,
our
results
indicate
sex-specific
composition
play
some
role
Additionally,
illustrated
concept
feature-based
predict
changes.
Язык: Английский
Cannabinoides y su nanoencapsulamiento para mejorar sus propiedades terapéuticas en padecimientos intestinales
Опубликована: Май 31, 2024
La
planta
de
cannabis
ha
generado
interés
y
controversia
por
sus
diversos
usos
entre
los
que
se
destacan
medicinales.
Cultivada
miles
años
distribuida
globalmente,
esta
produce
diversas
sustancias
medicinal,
como
fitocannabinoides,
interactúan
con
el
sistema
endocannabinoide
(SEC)
la
endocannabinoidoma
(eCBoma)
en
animales.
Estos
sistemas
están
activos
tanto
individuos
sanos
patologías,
juegan
roles
cruciales
homeostasis
intestinal
condicionan
procesos
inflamatorios.
Los
cannabinoides
terapéuticos,
conocidos
propiedades
antiinflamatorias,
enfrentan
limitaciones
baja
solubilidad
biodisponibilidad
algunas
vías
administración,
además
ser
vulnerables
a
factores
ambientales
fisiológicos.
nanotecnología
emerge
una
solución
prometedora
para
superar
estos
obstáculos
medicina
herbal.
Diversas
metodologías
han
sido
desarrolladas
crear
nanoentrega,
nanopartículas
poliméricas,
mejorando
las
fisicoquímicas
potencial
terapéutico
cannabinoides.
avances
nanoencapsulamiento
mostrado
resultados
positivos,
potenciando
efectividad
fitocannabinoides
aplicaciones
médicas.