Waste Management,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
161, С. 116 - 141
Опубликована: Март 4, 2023
In
circular
economy,
useful
plastic
materials
are
kept
in
circulation
as
opposed
to
being
landfilled,
incinerated,
or
leaked
into
the
natural
environment.
Pyrolysis
is
a
chemical
recycling
technique
for
unrecyclable
wastes
that
produce
gas,
liquid
(oil),
and
solid
(char)
products.
Although
pyrolysis
has
been
extensively
studied
there
several
installations
applying
it
on
industrial
scale,
no
commercial
applications
product
have
found
yet.
this
scenario,
use
of
plastic-based
char
biogas
upgrading
may
be
sustainable
way
transform
particularly
beneficial
material.
This
paper
reviews
preparation
main
parameters
processes
affecting
final
textural
properties
activated
carbons.
Moreover,
application
those
CO2
capture
largely
discussed.
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
20(5), С. 2853 - 2927
Опубликована: Июль 5, 2022
Abstract
The
Ukraine
conflict
has
put
critical
pressure
on
gas
supplies
and
increased
the
price
of
fertilisers.
As
a
consequence,
biogas
gained
remarkable
attention
as
local
source
both
for
energy
biofertiliser
agriculture.
Moreover,
climate
change-related
damage
incentivises
all
sectors
to
decarbonise
integrate
sustainable
practices.
For
instance,
anaerobic
digestion
allows
decarbonisation
optimal
waste
management.
Incorporating
system
in
each
country
would
limit
global
warming
2
°C.
If
suitable
policies
mechanisms
are
implemented,
industry
could
reduce
greenhouse
emissions
by
3.29–4.36
gigatonnes
carbon
dioxide
equivalent,
which
represent
about
10–13%
emissions.
Here,
we
review
role
sector
capturing
methane
mitigating
associated
with
outputs.
Since
impurities
can
cause
severe
practical
difficulties
storing
grid
delivering
systems,
present
upgrading
technologies
that
remove
or
consume
raw
biogas,
achieve
minimum
95%
content.
We
discuss
hydrogen-assisted
biological
sequestration
converting
biomethane
via
utilising
hydrogen
generated
primarily
through
other
renewable
sources
such
water
electrolysis
photovoltaic
solar
facilities
wind
turbines.
This
conceptual
shift
'power
gas'
excess
grids.
By
produced
during
into
additional
biomethane,
potential
meet
53%
demand
fossil
natural
gas.
also
evaluate
digestate
from
systems
producing
biochar,
be
used
directly
indirectly
biomethanation
enhancement,
upgrading,
cleaning
material.
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
21(3), С. 1419 - 1476
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2023
Abstract
Climate
change
issues
are
calling
for
advanced
methods
to
produce
materials
and
fuels
in
a
carbon–neutral
circular
way.
For
instance,
biomass
pyrolysis
has
been
intensely
investigated
during
the
last
years.
Here
we
review
of
algal
lignocellulosic
with
focus
on
products
mechanisms,
oil
upgrading,
combining
anaerobic
digestion,
economy,
life
cycle
assessment.
Products
include
oil,
gas,
biochar.
Upgrading
techniques
comprise
hot
vapor
filtration,
solvent
addition,
emulsification,
esterification
transesterification,
hydrotreatment,
steam
reforming,
use
supercritical
fluids.
We
examined
economic
viability
terms
profitability,
internal
rate
return,
return
investment,
carbon
removal
service,
product
pricing,
net
present
value.
also
reviewed
20
recent
studies
found
that
method
highly
influenced
yield,
ranging
from
9.07
40.59%
10.1
41.25%
biochar,
11.93
28.16%
syngas.
Feedstock
type,
pyrolytic
temperature,
heating
rate,
reaction
retention
time
were
main
factors
controlling
distribution
products.
Pyrolysis
mechanisms
bond
breaking,
cracking,
polymerization
re-polymerization,
fragmentation.
Biochar
residual
forestry
could
sequester
2.74
tons
dioxide
equivalent
per
ton
biochar
when
applied
soil
thus
potential
remove
0.2–2.75
gigatons
atmospheric
annually.
The
generation
bio-oil
process
is
estimated
be
economically
feasible.
Journal of Cleaner Production,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
401, С. 136762 - 136762
Опубликована: Март 11, 2023
Nowadays,
biogas
produced
from
the
anaerobic
digestion
of
biowaste
is
considered
a
valuable
renewable
energy
source
to
implement
transition
climate-neutral
society.
Recently,
upgrading
biomethane,
instead
usual
co-generation
heat
and
electricity
(CHP),
has
been
an
attractive
option,
as
biomethane
can
be
used
for
different
purposes.
This
study
performed
life
cycle
assessment
(LCA)
costing
(LCC)
scenarios
valorization
co-digestion
(AcoD)
secondary
sewage
sludge
(SS)
organic
fraction
municipal
solid
waste
(OFMSW),
pre-treated
by
dark
co-fermentation
(DF)
process.
Four
configurations
were
compared,
exploring
recovery
one
or
more
following:
heat,
biomethane.
Furthermore,
two
sensitivity
analyses
on
LCA
analysis,
considering
use
fuel
transport
European
mix
expected
2050,
respectively.
The
CHP
was
most
environmentally
friendly
solutions
in
8
out
11
impact
categories
provided
CML-IA
baseline
method;
however,
upgrading-based
showed
less
impacts
relevant
categories,
such
global
warming
potential
(up
−1.14E+05
kg
CO2
eq.
y−1)
ozone
layer
depletion
−4.73E-01
CFC-11
y−1).
Sensitivity
confirmed
that
processes
should
have
generally
lower
climate
change
than
systems.
replace
petrol
resulted
best
option
terms
−5.67E+05
All
proposed
represented
economically
sustainable
projects,
they
reported
positive
net
present
values
(NPV)
20
years
10,518,291
€).
Biogas
highest
NPVs;
nevertheless,
combined
production
cost-effective
thanks
revenues
sales,
despite
latter
being
modest.
In
conclusion,
contrary
previous
studies
literature,
we
found
not
neglected,
optimal
configuration
may
lie
heat.
