How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar

GCB Bioenergy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(11), С. 1731 - 1764

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2021

Abstract We synthesized 20 years of research to explain the interrelated processes that determine soil and plant responses biochar. The properties biochar its effects within agricultural ecosystems largely depend on feedstock pyrolysis conditions. describe three stages reactions in soil: dissolution (1–3 weeks); reactive surface development (1–6 months); aging (beyond 6 months). As ages, it is incorporated into aggregates, protecting carbon promoting stabilization rhizodeposits microbial products. Biochar persists for hundreds thousands years. By increasing pH, porosity, water availability, biochars can create favorable conditions root functions. Biochars catalyze biotic abiotic reactions, particularly rhizosphere, increase nutrient supply uptake by plants, reduce phytotoxins, stimulate development, resilience disease environmental stressors. Meta‐analyses found that, average, P availability a factor 4.6; decrease tissue concentration heavy metals 17%–39%; build organic through negative priming 3.8% (range −21% +20%); non‐CO 2 greenhouse gas emissions from 12%–50%. show average crop yield increases 10%–42% with addition, greatest low‐nutrient P‐sorbing acidic soils (common tropics), sandy drylands due retention holding capacity. Studies report wide range diversity contexts which have been applied. Crop yields strongly if site‐specific constraints limitations are mitigated appropriate formulations. be tailored address site selection, modifying conditions, pre‐ or post‐production treatments, co‐application mineral fertilizers. demonstrate how, when used wisely, mitigates climate change supports food security circular economy.

Язык: Английский

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Feedstock choice, pyrolysis temperature and type influence biochar characteristics: a comprehensive meta-data analysis review

Biochar, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 2(4), С. 421 - 438

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2020

Abstract Various studies have established that feedstock choice, pyrolysis temperature, and type influence final biochar physicochemical characteristics. However, overarching analyses of pre-biochar creation choices correlations to characteristics are severely lacking. Thus, the objective this work was help researchers, biochar-stakeholders, practitioners make more well-informed in terms how these three major parameters product. Utilizing approximately 5400 peer-reviewed journal articles over 50,800 individual data points, herein we elucidate selections physical chemical properties, total nutrient content, perhaps importantly tools one can use predict biochar’s availability. Based on large dataset collected, it appears (fast or slow) plays a minor role physico- (inorganic) characteristics; few differences were evident between production styles. Pyrolysis however, affects longevity, with temperatures > 500 °C generally leading longer-term (i.e., 1000 years) half-lives. Greater also led biochars containing greater overall C specific surface area (SSA), which could promote soil physico-chemical improvements. based collected data, selection has largest properties. Specific is greatest wood-based biochars, combination temperature likely changes other feedstock-based biochars. Crop- grass-based appear cation exchange capacities than potentially lead retention. The suggest reasonably availability various nutrients (e.g., N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu) choice content. Results be used create designer solve environmental issues supply variety plant-available for crop growth.

Язык: Английский

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Biochar in climate change mitigation

Nature Geoscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14(12), С. 883 - 892

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant

Biochar, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 2(4), С. 379 - 420

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Fertilizers and nitrate pollution of surface and ground water: an increasingly pervasive global problem

SN Applied Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 3(4)

Опубликована: Март 31, 2021

Abstract Nitrate pollution of ground and surface water bodies all over the world is generally linked with continually increasing global fertilizer nitrogen (N) use. But after 1990, more N consumption in developing countries especially East South Asia than industrialized nations North America Europe, nitrate freshwaters now increasingly becoming a pervasive problem. In this review it has been attempted to research information generated during last two decades from on different aspects natural bodies. It evident that not 50% directly used by crops which applied. While small portion may leach down reach bodies, large proportion ends up soil organic pool where mineralized taken plants and/or lost via leaching several decades. Present trends freshwaters, therefore, reflect legacies current past applications fertilizers manures. Tools such as simulation models variation stable isotopes oxygen are being extensively study contribution other sources enrichment freshwaters. Impacts agricultural stewardship measures assessed managed using modern digital frameworks. Improved management agroecosystems can reduce but host factors determine magnitude. Future needs also considered.

Язык: Английский

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Comparing straw, compost, and biochar regarding their suitability as agricultural soil amendments to affect soil structure, nutrient leaching, microbial communities, and the fate of pesticides

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 751, С. 141607 - 141607

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2020

The emission of nutrients and pesticides from agricultural soils endangers natural habitats. Here, we review to which extent carbon-rich organic amendments help retain in reduce the contamination surrounding areas groundwater. We compare straw, compost, biochar see whether outperforms other two more traditional cheaper materials. present a list criteria evaluate suitability materials be used as soil discuss differences elemental compositions understand, how microorganisms utilize those their effects on physical chemical characteristics, microbial communities, well transformation retention detail. It becomes clear that for all three can vary greatly depending numerous aspects, such type soil, application rate, production procedure material. Biochar is most effective increasing sorption capacity but does not outperform straw compost with regards aspects investigated. Nevertheless, possibility design properties makes it very promising Finally, provide critical comments about make studies comparable (comprehensive provision material properties), improve concepts future work (meta-analysis, long-term field studies, use deep-insight DNA sequencing), what needs further investigated (the link between structural functional parameters, impact pesticide efficiency).

Язык: Английский

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Biochar for environmental management: Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, contaminant treatment, and potential negative impacts

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 373, С. 902 - 922

Опубликована: Май 21, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Biochar and Its Broad Impacts in Soil Quality and Fertility, Nutrient Leaching and Crop Productivity: A Review

Agronomy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(5), С. 993 - 993

Опубликована: Май 17, 2021

Biochar is gaining significant attention due to its potential for carbon (C) sequestration, improvement of soil health, fertility enhancement, and crop productivity quality. In this review, we discuss the most common available techniques biochar production, main physiochemical properties biochar, effects on including physical, chemical, biological parameters quality fertility, nutrient leaching, salt stress, addition, impacts addition salt-affected heavy metal contaminated soils were also reviewed. An ample body literature supports idea that amended with has a high increase concomitant in structure, use efficiency (NUE), aeration, porosity, water-holding capacity (WHC), among other amendments. However, increases biochar-amended are frequently reported coarse-textured sandy compared fine-textured fertile soils. effect microbial community composition abundance. The negative polluted have plant growth yield components such as aggregation stability can be ameliorated by application biochar. Moreover, positive been observed when was applied organic inorganic amendments fertilizers. decrease nitrogen (N) leaching volatilization well NUE. some biomass activity reported. There evidence sorb retain pesticides long periods time, which may result weed infestation control cost.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of six-year biochar amendment on soil aggregation, crop growth, and nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies in a rice-wheat rotation

Journal of Cleaner Production, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 242, С. 118435 - 118435

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Can N₂O emissions offset the benefits from soil organic carbon storage?

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 27(2), С. 237 - 256

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2020

Abstract To respect the Paris agreement targeting a limitation of global warming below 2°C by 2100, and possibly 1.5°C, drastic reductions greenhouse gas emissions are mandatory but not sufficient. Large‐scale deployment other climate mitigation strategies is also necessary. Among these, increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks an important lever because in soils can be stored for long periods land management options to achieve this already exist have been widely tested. However, agricultural source nitrous oxide (N 2 O), powerful gas, SOC may influence N O emissions, likely causing increase many cases, thus tending offset change benefit from increased storage. Here we review main stocks. We evaluate amount that as well resulting changes better estimate benefits these options. Based on quantitative data obtained published meta‐analyses our current level understanding, conclude induced storage generally overestimated if associated considered but, with exception reduced tillage, never fully offset. Some (e.g. biochar or non‐pyrogenic C amendment application) even decrease emissions.

Язык: Английский

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