Applied Spectroscopy,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
74(9), С. 1012 - 1047
Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2020
Microplastics
are
of
major
concerns
for
society
and
is
currently
in
the
focus
legislators
administrations.
A
small
number
measures
to
reduce
or
remove
primary
sources
microplastics
environment
coming
into
effect.
At
moment,
they
have
not
yet
tackled
important
topics
such
as
food
safety.
However,
recent
developments
2018
bill
California
requesting
analysis
drinking
water
by
standardized
operational
protocols.
Administrations
analytical
labs
facing
an
emerging
field
methods
sampling,
extraction,
microplastics,
which
complicate
establishment
In
this
review,
state
applied
identification
quantification
tools
evaluated
providing
a
harmonized
guideline
future
protocols
cover
these
types
bills.
The
main
on
naked
eye
detection,
general
optical
microscopy,
application
dye
staining,
flow
cytometry,
Fourier
transform
infrared
spectroscopy
(FT-Ir)
Raman
thermal
degradation
pyrolysis–gas
chromatography–mass
spectrometry
(py-GC-MS)
well
thermo-extraction
desorption
gas
(TED-GC-MS).
Additional
techniques
highlighted
combined
suggested.
An
outlook
given
aspect
nanoplastic
analysis.
all
cases,
were
screened
limitations,
work
abilities
and,
if
possible,
estimated
costs
summarized
recommendation
workflow
covering
demands
society,
legislation,
administration
cost
efficient
but
still
detailed
manner.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
53(19), С. 11496 - 11506
Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2019
Environmental
contamination
by
microplastics
is
now
considered
an
emerging
threat
to
biodiversity
and
ecosystem
functioning.
Soil
ecosystems,
particularly
agricultural
land,
have
been
recognized
as
a
major
sink
of
microplastics,
but
the
impacts
on
soil
ecosystems
(e.g.,
above
below
ground)
remain
largely
unknown.
In
this
study,
different
types
[biodegradable
polylactic
acid
(PLA)],
conventional
high-density
polyethylene
(HDPE),
microplastic
clothing
fibers
were
added
containing
endogeic
Aporrectodea
rosea
(rosy-tipped
earthworm)
planted
with
Lolium
perenne
(perennial
ryegrass)
assess
biophysical
response
in
mesocosm
experiment.
When
exposed
or
PLA
fewer
seeds
germinated.
There
was
also
reduction
shoot
height
PLA.
The
biomass
A.
HDPE
significantly
reduced
compared
control
samples.
Furthermore,
present
there
decrease
pH.
size
distribution
water-stable
aggregates
altered
when
present,
suggesting
potential
alterations
stability.
This
study
provides
evidence
that
manufactured
PLA,
synthetic
can
affect
development
L.
perenne,
health
basic,
crucial
properties,
further
Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
125(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020
Abstract
Society
has
become
increasingly
reliant
on
plastics
since
commercial
production
began
in
about
1950.
Their
versatility,
stability,
light
weight,
and
low
costs
have
fueled
global
demand.
Most
are
initially
used
discarded
land.
Nonetheless,
the
amount
of
microplastics
some
oceanic
compartments
is
predicted
to
double
by
2030.
To
solve
this
problem,
we
must
understand
plastic
composition,
physical
forms,
uses,
transport,
fragmentation
into
(and
nanoplastics).
Plastic
debris/microplastics
arise
from
land
disposal,
wastewater
treatment,
tire
wear,
paint
failure,
textile
washing,
at‐sea
losses.
Riverine
atmospheric
storm
water,
disasters
facilitate
releases.
In
surface
waters
plastics/microplastics
weather,
biofoul,
aggregate,
sink,
ingested
organisms
redistributed
currents.
Ocean
sediments
likely
ultimate
destination.
Plastics
release
additives,
concentrate
environmental
contaminants,
serve
as
substrates
for
biofilms,
including
exotic
pathogenic
species.
Microplastic
abundance
increases
fragment
size
decreases,
does
proportion
capable
ingesting
them.
Particles
<20
μm
may
penetrate
cell
membranes,
exacerbating
risks.
Exposure
can
compromise
feeding,
metabolic
processes,
reproduction,
behavior.
But
more
investigation
required
draw
definitive
conclusions.
Human
ingestion
contaminated
seafood
water
a
concern.
Microplastics
indoors
present
yet
uncharacterized
risks,
magnified
time
spend
inside
(>90%)
polymeric
products
therein.
Scientific
challenges
include
improving
microplastic
sampling
characterization
approaches,
understanding
long‐term
behavior,
additive
bioavailability,
organismal
ecosystem
health
Solutions
globally
based
pollution
prevention,
developing
degradable
polymers
reducing
consumption/expanding
reuse.
Environment International,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
137, С. 105263 - 105263
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2020
Microplastics
are
emerging
contaminants
and
their
presence
in
water
soil
ecosystems
has
recently
drawn
considerable
attention
because
they
pose
a
great
threat
to
entire
ecosystems.
Recent
researches
have
focused
on
the
detection,
occurrence,
characterization,
toxicology
of
microplastics
marine
freshwater
ecosystems;
however,
our
understanding
ecological
effects
is
still
limited
compared
with
that
aquatic
Here,
we
compiled
literature,
studying
sources,
migration
soil,
negative
impacts
health
function,
trophic
transfer
food
chains,
corresponding
adverse
organisms
order
address
potential
human
risks
caused
by
soil.
This
review
aims
gaps
knowledge,
shed
light
propose
future
studies
microplastic
pollution
resultant
ecotoxicity.
Furthermore,
this
limiting
establishing
management
remediation
measures
mitigate
posed
pollution.
