Toxics,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
9(9), С. 224 - 224
Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2021
Recently,
studies
on
microplastics
(MPs)
have
increased
rapidly
due
to
the
growing
awareness
of
potential
health
risks
related
their
occurrence.
The
first
part
this
review
is
devoted
MP
occurrence,
distribution,
and
quantification.
MPs
can
be
transferred
from
environment
humans
mainly
through
inhalation,
secondly
ingestion,
and,
a
lesser
extent,
dermal
contact.
As
regards
food
web
contamination,
we
discuss
microplastic
presence
not
only
in
most
investigated
sources,
such
as
seafood,
drinking
water,
salts,
but
also
other
foods
honey,
sugar,
milk,
fruit,
meat
(chickens,
cows,
pigs).
All
literature
data
suggest
not-negligible
human
exposure
above-mentioned
routes.
Consequently,
several
research
efforts
been
assessing
risks.
Initially,
toxicological
were
conducted
with
aquatic
organisms
then
experimental
mammal
animal
models
cell
cultures.
In
latter
case,
effects
observed
at
high
concentrations
(polystyrene
common
benchmark)
for
short
time.
Further
must
performed
assess
real
consequences
contamination
low
prolonged
exposure.
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
21(4), С. 2129 - 2169
Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2023
Abstract
Microplastic
pollution
is
becoming
a
major
issue
for
human
health
due
to
the
recent
discovery
of
microplastics
in
most
ecosystems.
Here,
we
review
sources,
formation,
occurrence,
toxicity
and
remediation
methods
microplastics.
We
distinguish
ocean-based
land-based
sources
Microplastics
have
been
found
biological
samples
such
as
faeces,
sputum,
saliva,
blood
placenta.
Cancer,
intestinal,
pulmonary,
cardiovascular,
infectious
inflammatory
diseases
are
induced
or
mediated
by
exposure
during
pregnancy
maternal
period
also
discussed.
Remediation
include
coagulation,
membrane
bioreactors,
sand
filtration,
adsorption,
photocatalytic
degradation,
electrocoagulation
magnetic
separation.
Control
strategies
comprise
reducing
plastic
usage,
behavioural
change,
using
biodegradable
plastics.
Global
production
has
risen
dramatically
over
past
70
years
reach
359
million
tonnes.
China
world's
top
producer,
contributing
17.5%
global
production,
while
Turkey
generates
waste
Mediterranean
region,
at
144
tonnes
per
day.
75%
marine
waste,
with
responsible
80–90%
pollution,
account
only
10–20%.
induce
toxic
effects
on
humans
animals,
cytotoxicity,
immune
response,
oxidative
stress,
barrier
attributes,
genotoxicity,
even
minimal
dosages
10
μg/mL.
Ingestion
animals
results
alterations
gastrointestinal
tract
physiology,
system
depression,
differential
gene
expression,
growth
inhibition.
Furthermore,
bioaccumulation
tissues
aquatic
organisms
can
adverse
ecosystem,
potential
transmission
birds.
Changing
individual
behaviours
governmental
actions,
implementing
bans,
taxes,
pricing
carrier
bags,
significantly
reduced
consumption
8–85%
various
countries
worldwide.
The
microplastic
minimisation
approach
follows
an
upside-down
pyramid,
starting
prevention,
followed
reducing,
reusing,
recycling,
recovering,
ending
disposal
least
preferable
option.
EBioMedicine,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
82, С. 104147 - 104147
Опубликована: Июль 11, 2022
The
contamination
of
ecosystem
compartments
by
microplastics
(MPs)
is
an
ubiquitous
problem.
MPs
have
been
observed
in
mice
tissues,
and
recently
human
blood,
stool
placenta.
However,
two
aspects
remain
unclear:
whether
accumulate
peripheral
organs,
specifically
the
liver,
if
liver
cirrhosis
favours
this
process.
We
aimed
to
examine
tissue
samples
determine
liver.This
proof-of-concept
case
series,
conducted
Germany,
Europe,
analyzed
6
patients
with
5
individuals
without
underlying
disease.
A
total
17
(11
3
kidney
spleen
samples)
were
according
final
protocol.
reliable
method
for
detection
MP
particles
from
4
30
µm
was
developed.
Chemical
digestion
samples,
staining
Nile
red,
subsequent
fluorescent
microscopy
Raman
spectroscopy
performed.
Morphology,
size
composition
polymers
assessed.Considering
limit
detection,
all
disease
tested
negative
MPs.
In
contrast,
concentrations
cirrhotic
tissues
positive
showed
significantly
higher
compared
Six
different
microplastic
ranging
detected.This
series
assessed
presence
found
six
cirrhosis,
but
not
those
Future
studies
are
needed
evaluate
hepatic
accumulation
represents
a
potential
cause
pathogenesis
fibrosis,
or
consequence
portal
hypertension.No
funding
received
conducting
investigator
driven
study.
