Seascape ecology: identifying research priorities for an emerging ocean sustainability science

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 663, С. 1 - 29

Опубликована: Март 2, 2021

Seascape ecology, the marine-centric counterpart to landscape is rapidly emerging as an interdisciplinary and spatially explicit ecological science with relevance marine management, biodiversity conservation, restoration. While important progress in this field has been made past decade, there no coherent prioritisation of key research questions help set future agenda for seascape ecology. We used a 2-stage modified Delphi method solicit applied from academic experts ecology then asked respondents identify priority across 9 interrelated themes using 2 rounds selection. also invited senior management/conservation practitioners prioritise same questions. Analyses highlighted congruence discrepancies perceived priorities research. Themes related both concepts management practice, those identified include change, connectivity, spatial temporal scale, ecosystem-based technologies metrics. Highest-priority (upper tercile) received 50% agreement between respondent groups, lowest (lower 58% agreement. Across all 3 tiers, 36 55 were within ±10% band present most determined by proportion votes received. For each theme, we provide synthesis challenges potential role These serve roadmap advancing during, beyond, UN Decade Ocean Science Sustainable Development (2021-2030).

Язык: Английский

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The effects of climate change on the ecology of fishes

PLOS Climate, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2(8), С. e0000258 - e0000258

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2023

Ocean warming and acidification are set to reshuffle life on Earth alter ecological processes that underpin the biodiversity, health, productivity, resilience of ecosystems. Fishes contribute significantly marine, estuarine, freshwater species diversity functioning marine ecosystems, not immune climate change impacts. Whilst considerable effort has been placed studying effects fishes, much emphasis their (eco)physiology at organismal level. affected by through impacts various levels biological organisation a large variety traits, making it difficult make generalisations regarding fish responses change. Here, we briefly review current state knowledge fishes across wide range subfields ecology evaluate these scales (from genes ecosystems). We argue more holistic synthesis interconnected integration different needed for better understanding how populations communities might respond or adapt multi-stressor postulate studies using natural analogues change, meta-analyses, advanced integrative modelling approaches, lessons learned from past extreme events could help reveal some general patterns valuable management conservation approaches. many underlying mechanisms responsible observed biodiversity community insights useful create adaptation strategies preservation in rapidly changing ocean.

Язык: Английский

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Volcanic CO2 seep geochemistry and use in understanding ocean acidification

Biogeochemistry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 152(1), С. 93 - 115

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2020

Abstract Ocean acidification is one of the most dramatic effects massive atmospheric release anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) that has occurred since Industrial Revolution, although its on marine ecosystems are not well understood. Submarine volcanic hydrothermal fields have geochemical conditions provide opportunities to characterise elevated levels seawater CO life in field. Here, we review aspects shallow -rich seeps worldwide, focusing both gas composition and water chemistry. We then describe seepage overlying column. also present new data first synthesis biological community changes from best-studied seep sites world (off Vulcano Island, Sicily). In areas intense bubbling, extremely high pCO (> 10,000 μatm) result low pH (< 6) undersaturation aragonite calcite an area devoid calcified organisms such as shelled molluscs hard corals. Around 100–400 m away geochemistry becomes analogous future ocean with dissolved falling 900 420 μatm rises 7.6 8.0. Calcified species coralline algae sea urchins fare increasingly sessile communities shift domination by a few resilient (such uncalcified polychaetes) diverse complex (including abundant urchins) returns ambient . Laboratory advances our understanding sensitivity seawater, reveal how react simulated (e.g., using energetic trade-offs for calcification, reproduction, growth survival). Research at seeps, those off Vulcano, highlight consistent ecosystem responses rising , simplification food webs, losses functional diversity reduced provisioning goods services humans.

Язык: Английский

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Northeast Atlantic elasmobranch community on the move: Functional reorganization in response to climate change

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract While spatial distribution shifts have been documented in many marine fishes under global change, the responses of elasmobranchs rarely studied, which may led to an underestimation their potential additional threats. Given irreplaceable role ecosystems and high extinction risk, we used a 24‐year time series (1997–2020) scientific bottom trawl surveys examine effects climate change on nine elasmobranch species within Northeast Atlantic waters. Using hierarchical modeling communities, belonging joint models, found that suitable habitats for four increased average by factor 1.6 and, six species, shifted north‐eastwards and/or deeper waters over past two decades. By integrating traits, showed changes habitat suitability trait composition. Moreover, communities mean trophic level decreased. We also note increase community size at maturity concurrent with decrease fecundity. Because skates sharks are functionally unique dangerously vulnerable both fishing, advocate urgent considerations traits management measures. Their use would make it better identify whose loss could irreversible impacts face myriad anthropogenic

Язык: Английский

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Major loss of coralline algal diversity in response to ocean acidification

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(19), С. 4785 - 4798

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2021

Abstract Calcified coralline algae are ecologically important in rocky habitats the marine photic zone worldwide and there is growing concern that ocean acidification will severely impact them. Laboratory studies of these simulated conditions have revealed wide variability growth, photosynthesis calcification responses, making it difficult to assess their future biodiversity, abundance contribution ecosystem function. Here, we apply molecular systematic tools natural gradients seawater carbonate chemistry on biodiversity Mediterranean NW Pacific, link this evolutionary history evaluate potential abundance. We found a decrease taxonomic diversity with increasing more than half species lost high p CO 2 conditions. Sporolithales oldest order (Lower Cretaceous) diversified when favoured low Mg calcite deposition; less diverse today was most sensitive acidification. Corallinales were also reduced cover but several survived at ; recent originated aragonite deposition. The sharp decline thickness algal deposits highlighted lower fitness response Reductions emissions needed limit risk losing diversity.

Язык: Английский

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Simplification, not “tropicalization”, of temperate marine ecosystems under ocean warming and acidification

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(19), С. 4771 - 4784

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2021

Abstract Ocean warming is altering the biogeographical distribution of marine organisms. In tropics, rising sea surface temperatures are restructuring coral reef communities with sensitive species being lost. At divide between temperate and tropical communities, causing macroalgal forest loss spread corals, fishes other species, termed “tropicalization”. A lack field research into combined effects ocean acidification means there a gap in our ability to understand plan for changes coastal ecosystems. Here, we focus on tropicalization trajectory ecosystems becoming coral‐dominated systems. We conducted surveys situ transplants at natural analogues present future conditions under (i) (ii) both transition zone kelp show that increased herbivory by warm‐water exacerbates negates any benefits range extending corals growth physiology latitudes. Our data that, as ratchet up, lose forests but do not gain scleractinian corals. plus leads overall habitat shift simple turf‐dominated ecosystems, rather than complex tropicalized systems often seen alone. Simplification habitats CO 2 levels cascades through ecosystem could have severe consequences provision goods services.

Язык: Английский

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Acidification can directly affect olfaction in marine organisms

Journal of Experimental Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 224(14)

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2021

In the past decade, many studies have investigated effects of low pH/high CO2 as a proxy for ocean acidification on olfactory-mediated behaviours marine organisms. The behaviour fish vary from very large to none at all, and most maladaptive observed been attributed changes in acid-base regulation, leading ion distribution over neural membranes, consequently affecting functioning gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated (GABAergic) neurotransmission. Here, we highlight possible additional mechanism by which might directly affect olfaction invertebrates. We propose that decrease pH can protonation, thereby, 3D conformation charge odorants and/or their receptors olfactory organs aquatic animals. This sometimes enhance signalling, but time affinity is reduced high CO2/low pH; therefore, activity receptor neurons decreases measured using electrophysiology. signal reception would translate into activation bulb neurons, are responsible processing information brain. Over longer exposures days weeks, gene expression cause these become less active, exacerbating problem. A change system leads inappropriate behavioural responses odorants. discuss gaps literature suggest some experimental design order improve our understanding underlying mechanisms associated resolve current controversy field regarding extent fish.

Язык: Английский

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Ocean acidification stunts molluscan growth at CO2 seeps

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 873, С. 162293 - 162293

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Diatoms Dominate and Alter Marine Food-Webs When CO2 Rises

Diversity, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(12), С. 242 - 242

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2019

Diatoms are so important in ocean food-webs that any human induced changes their abundance could have major effects on the ecology of our seas. The large chain-forming diatom Biddulphia biddulphiana greatly increases as pCO2 along natural seawater CO2 gradients north Pacific Ocean. In areas with reference levels pCO2, it was hard to find, but carbon dioxide rose, replaced seaweeds and became main habitat-forming species seabed. This algal turf supported a marine invertebrate community much less diverse completely differed from benthic communities found at present-day pCO2. Seawater enrichment stimulated growth photosynthetic efficiency diatoms, reduced calcified grazers such gastropods sea urchins. These observations suggest acidification will shift photic zone composition coastal food-web structure ecosystem function homogenised, simplified, more strongly affected by seasonal blooms.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of climatic and non-climatic stressors on ocean life and human health: A review

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 821, С. 153387 - 153387

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2022

Язык: Английский

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