Antioxidants,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
11(2), С. 193 - 193
Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2022
Micro-
and
nanoplastics
(MPs/NPs)
are
among
the
most
widely
distributed
pollutants
in
environment.
It
has
been
suggested
that
exposure
to
MPs/NPs
can
trigger
toxicity
pathways
which
inflammation
oxidative
stress
(OS)
play
a
pivotal
role.
Once
absorbed,
may
act
locally
or
access
bloodstream
and,
following
translocation
process,
reach
several
organs
tissues,
including
gonads.
Notably,
bioaccumulate
human
murine
placenta,
opening
new
scenarios
for
toxicological
evaluations.
We
review
recent
studies
on
effects
of
reproductive
health
aquatic
terrestrial
organisms
both
sexes,
focusing
role
OS
antioxidant
defence
system
failure
as
main
underlying
mechanisms.
Alterations
gametogenesis,
embryonic
offspring
development,
survival
have
shown
often
related
broken
redox
balance.
All
these
detrimental
inversely
particle
size,
whereas
they
closely
linked
shape,
plastic
polymer
type,
superficial
functionalization,
concentration,
time
exposure.
To
date,
provide
insights
into
impacts,
but
no
conclusions
be
drawn
reproduction
toxicity.
The
implication
few
substances
reveals
their
potential
mitigating
MP-induced
toxic
effects.
Microplastics and Nanoplastics,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
2(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2022
Abstract
There
is
definitive
evidence
that
microplastics,
defined
as
plastic
particles
less
than
5
mm
in
size,
are
ubiquitous
the
environment
and
can
cause
harm
to
aquatic
organisms.
These
findings
have
prompted
legislators
environmental
regulators
seek
out
strategies
for
managing
risk.
However,
microplastics
also
an
incredibly
diverse
contaminant
suite,
comprising
a
complex
mixture
of
physical
chemical
characteristics
(e.g.,
sizes,
morphologies,
polymer
types,
additives,
sorbed
chemicals,
impurities),
making
it
challenging
identify
which
particle
might
influence
associated
hazards
life.
In
addition,
there
lack
consensus
on
how
microplastic
concentrations
should
be
reported.
This
not
only
makes
difficult
compare
across
studies,
but
begs
question
concentration
metric
may
most
informative
hazard
characterization.
Thus,
international
panel
experts
was
convened
1)
metrics
mass
or
count
per
unit
volume
mass)
development
health-based
thresholds
risk
assessment
2)
best
inform
toxicological
concerns.
Based
existing
knowledge,
recommended
toxicity
tests
calculated
from
both
at
minimum,
though
ideally
researchers
report
additional
metrics,
such
surface
area,
more
specific
mechanisms.
Regarding
characteristics,
sufficient
conclude
size
critical
determinant
outcomes,
particularly
mechanisms
food
dilution
tissue
translocation
.
