Why is Recycling of Postconsumer Plastics so Challenging?

ACS Applied Polymer Materials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 3(9), С. 4325 - 4346

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2021

The ubiquitous use of plastics has been driven by their combination low cost and properties, but these attributes directly challenge waste management schemes for plastic recycling. Some postconsumer recycling programs are now nearly 50 years old, a significant fraction still finds landfills or other dumping strategies at end life. With the growing concern regarding waste, especially ocean plastics, there is need innovation alternative economic translation to valued product(s) that will promote efficient circular utilization. This review first describes technical hurdles associated with then it focuses on providing an overview emergent recover through new polymer design, processes, chemical transformations value-added products. Specific challenges discussed include sorting separations, product variability including additives, high efficiency/low in which existing petrochemical industry can produce virgin polymers, particular polyolefins. Although wide variety have demonstrated both mechanical means, commercial success different generally limited either performance, large variance key metrics, economics where products match performance materials process expensive. Successful capture likely depend incentives government regulations.

Язык: Английский

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From plastic waste to wealth using chemical recycling: A review

Journal of environmental chemical engineering, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(1), С. 106867 - 106867

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Roadmap to Biodegradable Plastics—Current State and Research Needs

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(18), С. 6170 - 6187

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2021

Plastics, with their ubiquitous presence in our daily lives and environment, pose an uncomfortable conundrum. Producers consumers are aware of the value these organic ingredients material flow, yet persistence disruption to ecological milieu desperately stipulate a shift status quo. Biodegradable plastics—as name suggests—has its appeal ensuring safe return carbon ecosystems by complete assimilation degraded product as food source for soil or aquatic microorganisms. However, despite more than decade commercial presence, plastics still far from replacing demand fossil-fuel-based commodity plastics. We discuss this apparent disconnect herein through chain perspective. review current state biodegradable contrast it against desired zero-waste-focused circular economy. To close gap, we suggest critical research needs concerning structure properties plastics, testing standards, application development, waste management. The ultimate success displacing conventional alternatives will be predicated on collaboration between all stakeholders across chain.

Язык: Английский

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Micro (nano) plastic pollution: The ecological influence on soil-plant system and human health

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 788, С. 147815 - 147815

Опубликована: Май 17, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms and the Engineering Approaches for the Degradation of Microplastics

ACS ES&T Engineering, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 1(11), С. 1481 - 1501

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2021

Microplastic waste is an emerging global issue due to its environmental effect of accumulation in ecosystems, and managing systems have given rise presence the aquatic environment. It gaining attention persistent nature potential adverse effects on living organisms. There urgent need for development efficient degradation methods microplastic (MP) treatment. In this review, a comprehensive overview current MPs, such as biological, photo, chemical, mechanical been summarized discussed detail. All fundamental mechanisms MP natural environment are linked with remediation approaches accelerate these that occur nature. Decomposition efficiency applied system's limitations has also mentioned. Furthermore, knowledge gaps about decomposition, future research directions proposed. This work offers summary decomposition provides reference control pollution.

Язык: Английский

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A marine fungus Alternaria alternata FB1 efficiently degrades polyethylene

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 431, С. 128617 - 128617

Опубликована: Март 7, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Microplastics waste in environment: A perspective on recycling issues from PPE kits and face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic

Environmental Technology & Innovation, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 26, С. 102290 - 102290

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, extensive use of face masks and protective personal equipment (PPE) kits has led to increasing degree microplastic pollution (MP) because they are typically discarded into seas, rivers, streets, other parts environment. Currently, a negative impact on environment high-level fragmentation. Typically, MP can be detected by various techniques, such as microscopic analysis, density separation, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. However, there limited studies disposable PPE kits. A wide range marine species ingest MPs in form fibers fragments, which directly affect human health; thus, more research development needed effect health. This article provides perspective origin distribution waterbodies (e.g., ponds, lakes, seas) wastewater treatment plants, reviews possible remediation related excessive disposal aquatic environments.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human Kidney and Liver Cell Morphology, Cellular Proliferation, and Metabolism

ACS Omega, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(38), С. 34136 - 34153

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2022

Microplastics have gained much attention due to their prevalence and abundance in our everyday lives. They been detected household items such as sugar, salt, honey, seafood, tap water, water bottles, food wrapped plastic. Once ingested, these tiny particles can travel internal organs the kidney liver cause adverse effects on cellular level. Here, human embryonic (HEK 293) cells hepatocellular (Hep G2) were used examine potential toxicological of 1 μm polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs). Exposing PS-MPs caused a major reduction proliferation but no significant decrease cell viability determined by trypan blue assay both lines. Cell remained at least 94% for lines even highest concentration 100 μg/mL PS-MPs. Phase-contrast imaging exposed 72 h showed morphological changes uptake PS-MP particles. Confocal fluorescent microscopy confirmed Additionally, flow cytometry experiments verified that more than 70% internalized after 48 exposure cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) studies revealed had increased levels ROS each every time point tested. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis 24 HEK 293 Hep G2 lowered gene expression glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) catalase (CAT), thus reducing SOD2 CAT detoxify ROS. These suggest ingesting may lead problems metabolism cell-cell interactions. Because exposing results morphological, metabolic, proliferative stress, indicate undesirable health.

Язык: Английский

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Using Waste Plastics as Asphalt Modifier: A Review

Materials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 15(1), С. 110 - 110

Опубликована: Дек. 24, 2021

The use of waste products in the production asphalt binders and mixtures has become widespread due to economic environmental benefits. In particular, recycled plastic is gaining more attention. This review presents analyses comparisons various forms used modification, approaches incorporating into mixtures, both for single composite modifications. It focuses on properties plastics, binders, mixtures. Overall, incorporation can significantly improve high-temperature performance potential modified highly dependent multiple factors, such as sources, dosages, blending conditions, pretreatment methods plastic. There are different ways apply plastics blend a mixture. addition, this paper discusses current challenges plastic-modified asphalt, including stability, low-temperature performance, modification mechanism, laboratory problems blends. chemical methods, additives functionalization, considered an effective way achieve better interactions between binder, well achieving higher sufficiency utilization rate plastics. Although provide alternative options produce with stability high optimal proportion materials blends microcosmic mechanism not clear, should be explored further.

Язык: Английский

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Occurrence, impact, toxicity, and degradation methods of microplastics in environment—a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 29(21), С. 30820 - 30836

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2022

Язык: Английский

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