The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
982, С. 179628 - 179628
Опубликована: Май 15, 2025
Cooking
is
a
major
source
of
indoor
air
pollution,
but
little
known
about
its
emissions
or
health
impacts
in
Ecuadorian
households.
This
study
quantified
PM₂.₅
and
PM₁₀
from
six
common
menus
(three
fried,
three
stewed)
cooked
real-life
kitchen
Guayaquil
lacking
natural
mechanical
ventilation.
Each
menu
was
replicated
30
times,
yielding
180
PM
concentration
profiles.
After
quality
control,
120
profiles
were
retained
for
analysis.
Median
24
h
concentrations
16
μg/m3
21
μg/m3,
respectively-exceeding
WHO
24-hour
guidelines
%
PM₂.₅.
Using
Disability-Adjusted
Life
Years
(DALYs),
the
harm
exposure
estimated
at
990
DALYs
per
100,000
person-years
analyzed
cooking
scenarios.
These
levels
indicate
quantifiable
chronic
risks
despite
being
lower
than
other
Low
Middle
Income
Countries
studies.
Findings
support
need
guidelines,
ventilation
strategies,
public
policies
tailored
to
urban
Latin
American
Journal of Environmental Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
124, С. 860 - 874
Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2022
Particulate
matter
(PM2.5)
samples
were
collected
in
the
vicinity
of
an
industrial
chemical
pole
and
analysed
for
organic
elemental
carbon
(OC
EC),
47
trace
elements
around
150
constituents.
On
average,
OC
EC
accounted
25.2%
11.4%
PM2.5
mass,
respectively.
Organic
compounds
comprised
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAHs),
alkylated
PAHs,
anhydrosugars,
phenolics,
ketones,
glycerol
derivatives,
aliphatic
alcohols,
sterols,
carboxyl
groups,
including
aromatic,
carboxylic
dicarboxylic
acids.
Enrichment
factors
>
100
obtained
Pb,
Cd,
Zn,
Cu,
Sn,
B,
Se,
Bi,
Sb
Mo,
showing
contribution
emissions
nearby
major
roads.
Principal
component
analysis
revealed
that
vehicle,
biomass
burning
66%,
11%
9%,
respectively,
total
PM2.5-bound
PAHs.
Some
detected
constituents
are
likely
associated
with
plasticiser
ingredients
thermal
stabilisers
used
manufacture
PVC
other
plastics
complex.
Photooxidation
products
both
anthropogenic
(e.g.,
toluene)
biogenic
isoprene
pinenes)
precursors
also
observed.
It
was
estimated
13.8%
concentrations
secondary
represented
37.6%
OC.
The
lifetime
cancer
risk
from
inhalation
exposure
to
PAHs
found
be
negligible,
but
it
exceeded
threshold
10-6
metal(loi)s,
mainly
due
Cr
As.
Environment International,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
162, С. 107155 - 107155
Опубликована: Март 9, 2022
Poor
ventilation
and
polluting
cooking
fuels
in
low-income
homes
cause
high
exposure,
yet
relevant
global
studies
are
limited.
We
assessed
exposure
to
in-kitchen
particulate
matter
(PM2.5
PM10)
employing
similar
instrumentation
60
across
12
cities:
Dhaka
(Bangladesh);
Chennai
(India);
Nanjing
(China);
Medellín
(Colombia);
São
Paulo
(Brazil);
Cairo
(Egypt);
Sulaymaniyah
(Iraq);
Addis
Ababa
(Ethiopia);
Akure
(Nigeria);
Blantyre
(Malawi);
Dar-es-Salaam
(Tanzania)
Nairobi
(Kenya).
Exposure
profiles
of
kitchen
occupants
showed
that
fuel,
volume,
type
were
the
most
prominent
factors
affecting
exposure.
Different
cuisines
resulted
varying
durations
disproportional
exposures.
Occupants
Dhaka,
Nanjing,
spent
>
40%
their
time
frying
(the
highest
particle
emitting
activity)
compared
with
∼
68%
boiling/stewing
Cairo,
Akure.
The
average
PM2.5
(PM10)
concentrations
185
±
48
(220
58)
μg
m-3
owing
small
extensive
prolonged
lowest
10
3
(14
2)
m-3.
Dual
(mechanical
natural)
Chennai,
reduced
PM10
by
2.3-
1.8-times
natural
(open
doors)
Ababa,
Dar-es-Salam
Nairobi.
Using
charcoal
during
(Addis
Nairobi)
increased
levels
1.3-
3.1-times
using
gas
(Nanjing,
Medellin
Cairo)
LPG
(Chennai,
Sao
Sulaymaniyah),
respectively.
Smaller-volume
kitchens
(<15
m3;
Nanjing)
larger-volume
counterparts
(Medellin,
Sulaymaniyah).
Potential
doses
for
Asian,
followed
African,
Middle-eastern
South
American
homes.
recommend
exhaust
extraction,
cleaner
fuels,
awareness
on
improved
practices
minimising
passive
occupancy
mitigate
harmful
emissions.
Abstract
The
exposome
depicts
the
total
exposures
in
lifetime
of
an
organism.
Human
comprises
from
environmental
and
humanistic
sources.
Biological,
chemical,
physical
pose
potential
health
threats,
especially
to
susceptible
populations.
Although
still
its
nascent
stage,
we
are
beginning
recognize
vast
dynamic
nature
exposome.
In
this
review,
systematically
summarize
biological
chemical
exposomes
three
broad
matrices—air,
soil,
water;
each
contains
several
distinct
subcategories,
along
with
a
brief
introduction
Disease‐related
highlighted,
humans
also
major
source
disease‐related
exposures.
We
further
discuss
interactions
between
biological,
exposomes.
Finally,
propose
list
outstanding
challenges
under
research
framework
that
need
be
addressed
move
field
forward.
Taken
together,
present
detailed
landscape
prime
researchers
join
exciting
new
field.
Environmental Research,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
214, С. 114195 - 114195
Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2022
The
occurrence
of
50
multi-class
pollutants
comprising
18
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAHs),
12
phthalate
esters
(PAEs),
organophosphorus
flame
retardants
(OPFRs),
6
synthetic
musk
compounds
(SMCs)
and
2
bisphenols
was
studied
in
atmospheric
particulate
matter
(PM2.5)
samples
collected
at
an
industrial
area
focused
on
automotive
manufacturing
located
the
Southwestern
Atlantic
European
region
(Vigo
city,
Spain)
during
1-year
period.
Among
all
quantitated
PM2.5
samples,
bisphenol
A
(BPA)
most
predominant
with
average
concentration
6180
pg
m-3,
followed
by
PAHs
benzo(b+j)fluoranthene
(BbF
+
BjF)
benzo(g,h,i)perylene
(BghiP),
accounting
for
546
m-3
413
respectively.
In
addition,
two
OPFRs
concerning
tris(chloropropyl)
phosphate
(TCPP)
triphenyl
phosphine
oxide
(TPPO)
were
next
following
order,
411
367
respectively;
being
butyl
benzyl
(BBP)
profuse
PAE
(56.1
average).
High
relative
standard
deviations
(RSDs)
observed
whole
sampling
period,
while
statistically
significant
differences
only
concentrations
cold
warm
seasons.
Furthermore,
some
water-soluble
ions
metal(oid)s
analysed
to
be
used
as
PM
source
tracers,
whose
quite
below
target
levels
set
current
legislation.
Data
obtained
from
principal
component
analysis
(PCA)
molecular
indices
suggested
a
pyrogenic
petrogenic
origin
PAHs,
whereas
remaining
seems
attributed
resources
activity
settled
area.
Moreover,
although
substantial
anthropogenic
observed,
marine
soil
resuspension
contributions
also
accounted.
Finally,
carcinogenic
non-carcinogenic
risks
posed
PM2.5-bound
inhalation
assessed,
both
averages
within
safe
level
considering
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
22(15), С. 9827 - 9841
Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2022
Abstract.
To
elucidate
the
molecular
chemical
compositions,
volatility–polarity
distributions,
and
influencing
factors
of
Chinese
cooking
emissions,
a
comprehensive
emission
experiment
was
conducted.
Volatile
organic
compounds
(VOCs),
intermediate
volatility,
semi-volatile
(I/SVOCs)
from
fumes
were
analysed
by
thermal
desorption
two-dimensional
gas
chromatography
coupled
with
quadrupole
mass
spectrometer
(TD-GC
×
GC-qMS).
Emissions
four
typical
dishes,
i.e.
fried
chicken,
Kung
Pao
pan-fried
tofu,
stir-fried
cabbage
investigated
to
illustrate
impact
style
material.
Fumes
chicken
corn,
peanut,
soybean,
sunflower
oils
demonstrate
influence
oil.
A
total
201
chemicals
quantified.
emitted
more
pollutants
than
other
dishes
due
its
rather
intense
method.
Aromatics
oxygenated
extensively
detected
among
meat-related
fumes,
while
vegetable-related
profile
observed
in
emissions
cabbage.
Ozone
formation
potential
(OFP)
dominated
VOC
range.
Of
secondary
aerosol
(SOA)
estimation,
10.2
%–32.0
%
could
be
explained
S/IVOCs.
Pixel-based
partial
least
squares
discriminant
analysis
(PLS-DA)
multiway
principal
component
(MPCA)
utilized
for
sample
classification
identification.
The
results
indicated
that
oil
factor
variance
compositions
factor.
MPCA
emphasize
importance
unsaturated
fatty
acid-alkadienal-volatile
products
mechanism
(oil
autoxidation)
accelerated
heating
procedure.
