Wastewater-based surveillance as a tool for public health action: SARS-CoV-2 and beyond

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 37(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2023

SUMMARY Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has undergone dramatic advancement in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The power and potential this platform technology were rapidly realized when it became evident that not only did WBS-measured SARS-CoV-2 RNA correlate strongly with COVID-19 clinical within monitored populations but also, fact, functioned as a leading indicator. Teams from across globe innovated novel approaches by which wastewater could be collected diverse sewersheds ranging treatment plants (enabling community-level surveillance) to more granular locations including individual neighborhoods high-risk buildings such long-term care facilities (LTCF). Efficient processes enabled extraction concentration highly dilute matrix. Molecular genomic tools identify, quantify, characterize its various variants adapted programs applied these mixed environmental systems. Novel data-sharing allowed information mobilized made immediately available public health government decision-makers even public, enabling evidence-informed decision-making based on local dynamics. WBS since been recognized tool transformative potential, providing near-real-time cost-effective, objective, comprehensive, inclusive data changing prevalence measured analytes space time populations. However, consequence rapid innovation hundreds teams simultaneously, tremendous heterogeneity currently exists literature. This manuscript provides state-of-the-art review established details current work underway expanding scope other infectious targets.

Язык: Английский

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Passive sampling to scale wastewater surveillance of infectious disease: Lessons learned from COVID-19

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 835, С. 155347 - 155347

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2022

Much of what is known and theorized concerning passive sampling techniques has been developed considering chemical analytes. Yet, historically, biological analytes, such as Salmonella typhi, have collected from wastewater via with Moore swabs. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, re-emerging a promising technique monitor SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater. Method comparisons disease surveillance using composite, grab, for detection found variety materials routinely produced qualitative results superior grab samples useful sub-sewershed COVID-19. Among individual studies, concentrations derived samplers demonstrated heterogeneous correlation paired composite ranging weak (R2 = 0.27, 0.31) moderate 0.59) strong 0.76). sampler materials, electronegative membranes shown great promise linear uptake observed exposure durations 24 48 h several cases positivity on par samples. Continuing development methods infectious diseases diverse forms fecal waste should focus optimizing efficient recovery kit-free extraction, resource-efficient testing capable rapidly producing or quantitative data. With refinements could prove be fundamental tool scaling disease, especially among 1.8 billion persons living low-resource settings served by non-traditional collection infrastructure.

Язык: Английский

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Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in sewersheds with low COVID-19 cases using a passive sampling technique

Water Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 218, С. 118481 - 118481

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Wastewater-based monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 at UK airports and its potential role in international public health surveillance

PLOS Global Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 3(1), С. e0001346 - e0001346

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2023

It is well established that air travel plays a key role in the global spread of many enteric and respiratory diseases, including COVID-19. Even with restrictions (e.g. mask wearing, negative COVID-19 test prior to departure), SARS-CoV-2 may be transmitted by asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals carrying virus. Due limitation current clinical surveillance approaches, complementary methods need developed allow estimation frequency entry across international borders. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) represents one such approach, allowing unbiased sampling carriage passenger cohorts entering via airports. In this study, we monitored sewage samples from terminals (n = 150) aircraft 32) at three major airports UK for 1–3 weeks March 2022. As raw were more turbid than typical municipal wastewater, used beef extract treatment followed polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation concentrate viruses, reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) detection faecal indicator virus, crAssphage. All taken sewers arrival Heathrow Bristol airports, 85% sites Edinburgh airport, positive SARS-CoV-2. This suggests high prevalence among passengers and/or airport staff members. Samples derived also showed 93% positivity. No difference viral was found before after lifted. Our results suggest WBE useful tool monitoring transfer rate human pathogens other disease-causing agents borders should form part wider efforts monitor contain future disease outbreaks.

Язык: Английский

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Structured Ethical Review for Wastewater-Based Testing in Support of Public Health

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(35), С. 12969 - 12980

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2023

Wastewater-based testing (WBT) for SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly expanded over the past three years due to its ability provide a comprehensive measurement of disease prevalence independent clinical testing. The development and simultaneous application WBT measured biomarkers research activities pursuit public health goals, both areas with well-established ethical frameworks. Currently, practitioners do not employ standardized review process, introducing potential adverse outcomes professionals community members. To address this deficiency, an interdisciplinary workshop developed framework structured WBT. employed consensus approach create as set 11 questions derived from primarily guidance. This study retrospectively applied these monitoring programs covering emergent phase pandemic (3/2020-2/2022 (

Язык: Английский

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Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage from buildings housing residents with different vulnerability levels

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 872, С. 162116 - 162116

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2023

During the last two years, various restrictions have been set up to limit transmission of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). While these rules apply at a large scale (e.g., country-wide level) human-to-human virus that causes COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), occurs small scale. Different preventive policies and testing protocols were implemented in buildings where COVID-19 poses threat elderly residences) or constitutes disruptive force schools). In this study, we sampled sewage from different (a school, university campus, residence, an residence) host residents levels vulnerability. Our main goal was assess agreement between SARS-CoV-2 concentration wastewater applied buildings. All using passive samplers while 24-h composite samples also collected residence. Results showed performed comparably well being cost-effective keep track prevalence. comparison sampling (passive vs. active) combined with strict clinical allowed us compare sensitivities methods. Active more sensitive than sampling, as former able detect prevalence 0.4 %, compared 2.2 % for sampling. The number COVID-19-positive individuals tracked clinically all monitored More frequent detection observed residential non-residential samplers. buildings, surveillance can be used complement regimes, remained positive even when no reported. Passive is useful building managers adapt their mitigation policies.

Язык: Английский

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Assessment of two types of passive sampler for the efficient recovery of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses from wastewater

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 838, С. 156580 - 156580

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Adsorption of SARS-CoV-2 onto granular activated carbon (GAC) in wastewater: Implications for improvements in passive sampling

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 847, С. 157548 - 157548

Опубликована: Июль 23, 2022

Based on recent studies, passive sampling is a promising method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater surveillance (WWS) applications. Passive has many advantages over conventional approaches. However, the potential benefits of are also coupled with apparent limitations. We established technique severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using electronegative filters. Though, it was evident that adsorption capacity filters constrained their use. This work intends to demonstrate an optimized granular activated carbon (GAC). Through bench-scale batch-adsorption studies and sewershed deployments, we characteristics two human feacal viruses (PMMoV CrAssphage) onto GAC. A pseudo-second-order model best-described kinetics either deionized (DI) water SARS-CoV-2, CrAssphage, PMMoV wastewater. In both laboratory experiments in-situ maximum amount adsorbed by GAC occurred at ~60 h wastewater, CrAssphage h. contrast, reached DI seeded after ~35 The equilibrium assay modeled quantity (q

Язык: Английский

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Early detection of local SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks by wastewater surveillance: a feasibility study

Epidemiology and Infection, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 151

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Abstract Wastewater surveillance and quantitative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA are increasingly used to monitor the spread COVID-19 in community. We studied feasibility applying data for early detection local outbreaks. A Monte Carlo simulation model was constructed, on reported variation gene copy concentration faeces faecal masses shed. It showed that, even with a constant number shedders, concentrations found wastewater samples will be large, that it challenging translate viral into incidence estimates, especially when shedders is low. Potential signals hypothetical outbreaks were analysed their performance terms sensitivity specificity signals. The results suggest sudden increase not easily identified basis data, small sampling areas low-incidence situations. However, high combining from multiple consecutive tests, expected improve considerably. developed modelling approach can our understanding SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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Wastewater based surveillance can be used to reduce clinical testing intensity on a university campus

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 918, С. 170452 - 170452

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

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