JMIR Public Health and Surveillance,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11, С. e67145 - e67145
Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2024
The
US
Department
of
Defense
(DoD)
is
establishing
its
wastewater
surveillance
capacities
to
support
national
security
objectives
and
promote
the
public
health
medical
readiness
service
members.
Wastewater
an
emerging
technology
that
has
traditionally
been
leveraged
for
detecting
infectious
diseases.
However,
potential
future
applications
could
yield
a
vast
unpredictable
amount
information
be
used
wide
variety
both
health-
nonhealth-related
purposes.
military
also
serves
inimitable
role
country
citizens,
exercises
significant
levels
control
over
members
compared
civilian
organizations.
Further,
present
activities
may
reach
far
beyond
just
installations.
These
factors
raise
unique
ethical
considerations
must
accounted
by
leaders
policymakers
ensure
DoD
implements
network
in
manner
impactful
supporting
appropriate
scope
population
under
surveillance.
This
paper
explores
important
features
conducting
are
specific
experience
applicable
wider
initiatives.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
945, С. 173862 - 173862
Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024
Wastewater
surveillance
(WWS)
has
received
significant
attention
as
a
rapid,
sensitive,
and
cost-effective
tool
for
monitoring
various
pathogens
in
community.
WWS
is
employed
to
assess
the
spatial
temporal
trends
of
diseases
identify
their
early
appearances
reappearances,
well
detect
novel
mutated
variants.
However,
shedding
rates
vary
significantly
depending
on
factors
such
disease
severity,
physiology
affected
individuals,
characteristics
pathogen.
Furthermore,
may
exhibit
differential
fate
decay
kinetics
sewerage
system.
Variable
affect
detection
wastewater.
This
influence
interpretation
results
conclusions
studies.
When
selecting
pathogen
WWS,
it
essential
consider
it's
specific
characteristics.
If
data
are
not
readily
available,
fate,
decay,
should
be
assessed
before
conducting
surveillance.
Alternatively,
these
can
compared
those
similar
which
available.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
926, С. 171401 - 171401
Опубликована: Март 11, 2024
Wastewater
comprises
multiple
pathogens
and
offers
a
potential
for
wastewater-based
surveillance
(WBS)
to
track
the
prevalence
of
communicable
diseases.
The
Finnish
WastPan
project
aimed
establish
pandemic
preparedness
(viruses,
bacteria,
parasites,
fungi),
including
antimicrobial
resistance
(AMR).
This
article
outlines
WastPan's
experiences
in
this
project,
criteria
target
selection,
sampling
locations,
frequency,
analysis
methods
results
communication.
Target
selection
relied
on
epidemiological
microbiological
evidence
practical
feasibility.
Within
framework,
wastewater
samples
were
collected
between
2021
2023
from
10
treatment
plants
(WWTPs)
covering
40
%
Finland's
population.
WWTP
was
validated
reported
cases
Extended
Spectrum
Beta-lactamase-producing
bacterial
(Escherichia
coli
Klebsiella
pneumoniae)
National
Infectious
Disease
Register.
workflow
included
24-h
composite
influent
samples,
with
one
fraction
culture-based
(bacteria
fungi)
rest
sample
reserved
molecular
antibiotic
genes,
parasites).
reproducibility
monitoring
assessed
SARS-CoV-2
through
inter-laboratory
comparisons
using
N2
N1
assays.
Identical
protocols
applied
same-day
yielding
similar
positivity
trends
two
laboratories,
but
assay
achieved
significantly
higher
detection
rate
(Laboratory
1:
91.5
%;
Laboratory
2:
87.4
%)
than
(76.6
monitored
only
2
(McNemar,
p
<
0.001
Lab
1,
=
0.006
2).
result
indicates
that
primers
assays
may
impact
sensitivity
WBS.
Overall,
current
study
recommends
frequencies
population
coverage
should
be
based
pathogen-specific
characteristics.
For
example,
are
stable
over
time
need
less
frequent
annual
sampling,
while
those
occurring
across
regions
require
reduced
coverage.
Here,
successfully
piloted
WBS
pathogens,
highlighting
significance
one-litre
community
assessing
health.
infrastructure
established
COVID-19
is
valuable
various
pathogens.
Prioritizing
targets
optimizes
resource
utilization,
legislative
support
determination
sustained
funding
advisable
future.
Environmental Research,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
246, С. 118052 - 118052
Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2023
The
Nordic
countries
(Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Norway,
and
Sweden)
have
effectively
kept
lower
antibiotic-resistant
bacterial
(ARB)
pathogen
rates
than
many
other
countries.
However,
in
recent
years,
these
five
encountered
a
rise
ARB
cases
challenges
treating
infections
due
to
the
growing
prevalence
of
pathogens.
Wastewater-based
surveillance
(WBS)
is
valuable
supplement
clinical
methods
for
surveillance,
but
there
lack
comprehensive
understanding
WBS
application
This
review
aims
compile
latest
state-of-the-art
developments
monitoring
compare
them
with
practices.
After
reviewing
1480
papers
from
primary
search,
54
were
found
relevant,
15
additional
WBS-related
included.
Among
69
studies
analyzed,
42
dedicated
epidemiology,
while
27
focused
on
wastewater
monitoring.
PRISMA
literature
revealed
that
focus
four
major
objectives
ARB:
assessing
human
population,
identifying
evading
treatment,
quantifying
removal
rates,
evaluating
potential
evolution
during
treatment
process.
In
both
contexts,
most
studied
targets
pathogens
producing
carbapenemase
extended-spectrum
beta-lactamase
(ESBL),
primarily
Escherichia
coli
Klebsiella
spp.
vancomycin-resistant
Enterococcus
(VRE)
methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus
aureus
(MRSA)
received
more
attention
epidemiology
studies,
probably
their
detection
wastewater.
Clinical
has
mostly
used
culturing,
antibiotic
susceptibility
testing,
genotyping,
employed
PCR-based
metagenomics
alongside
culture-based
techniques.
Imported
resulting
international
travel
hospitalization
abroad
appear
frequently
contributed
similarities
between
(e.g.,
knowledge
exchange
practices,
usage
patterns,
current
landscape)
could
facilitate
collaborative
efforts
developing
implementing
population-level
screening.
Heliyon,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
10(13), С. e33873 - e33873
Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2024
A
focus
on
water
quality
has
intensified
globally,
considering
its
critical
role
in
sustaining
life
and
ecosystems.
Wastewater,
reflecting
societal
development,
profoundly
impacts
public
health.
Wastewater-based
epidemiology
(WBE)
emerged
as
a
surveillance
tool
for
detecting
outbreaks
early,
monitoring
infectious
disease
trends,
providing
real-time
insights,
particularly
vulnerable
communities.
WBE
aids
tracking
pathogens,
including
viruses,
sewage,
offering
comprehensive
understanding
of
community
health
lifestyle
habits.
With
the
rise
global
COVID-19
cases,
gained
prominence,
aiding
SARS-CoV-2
levels
worldwide.
Despite
advancements
treatment,
poorly
treated
wastewater
discharge
remains
threat,
amplifying
spread
water-,
sanitation-,
hygiene
(WaSH)-related
diseases.
WBE,
serving
complementary
surveillance,
is
pivotal
community-level
viral
infections.
However,
there
untapped
potential
to
expand
surveillance.
This
review
emphasizes
importance
link
between
health,
highlighting
need
further
integration
into
management.
Background:
Waterborne
diseases
pose
a
significant
global
public
health
threat,
compelling
enhanced
comprehensive
surveillance.
This
study
investigates
the
current
infectious
disease
and
antimicrobial
resistance
(AMR)
surveillance
systems,
including
wastewater
environmental
(WES),
in
three
sub-Saharan
African
countries:
Tanzania,
Burkina
Faso,
Democratic
Republic
of
Congo
(DRC).
The
countries
have
their
specificities
regarding
networks
logistic
systems.
So,
emphasizing
need
to
strengthen
existing
surveillance,
paper
advocates
for
incorporating
WES
systems
specifically
designed
countries'
context
monitor
waterborne
re-emerging
pathogens,
as
well
AMR.Methods:
National
workshops
were
conducted
assess
clinical
identify
priority
pathogens
new
monitoring.
Data
collected
through
surveys
from
experts
academia,
research,
policy,
healthcare.
Results:
Prioritized
include
(poliovirus,
Salmonella
Typhi,
Vibrio
cholerae),
respiratory
(influenza
A&B,
SARS-CoV-2),
other
(Measles
Rubella,
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis).
Recommended
AMR
drug-resistant
tuberculosis,
spp.,
methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus
aureus,
extended-spectrum
beta-lactamase
carbapenemase-producing
E.
coli.
DRC
employ
DHSI2-based
centralized
electronic
data
collection,
complemented
by
Excel
paper-based
registries.
approach
is
commonly
employed
monitoring
poliovirus
rarely
pathogens.
Discussion
conclusions:
valuable
tool
early
detection
locally
circulating
human-derived
aiding
outbreak
detection,
data-driven
epidemic
response,
prevention.
availability
results
underscores
importance
effective
sanitation
safeguarding
human,
animal,
health.
pivotal
integrated
risk
management,
preventing
outbreaks,
protecting
drinking
water
sources,
ultimately
gaining
various
UN
Sustainable
Development
Goals.
highlights
customized
line
with
each
country's
context,
localized
approaches
AMR.
Abstract
Background
Wastewater
surveillance
(WWS)
acts
as
a
vigilant
sentinel
system
for
communities,
analysing
sewage
to
protect
public
health
by
detecting
outbreaks
and
monitoring
trends
in
pathogens
contaminants.
To
achieve
thorough
comprehension
of
present
upcoming
practices
identify
challenges
opportunities
standardisation
improvement
WWS
methodologies,
two
EU
surveys
were
conducted
targeting
over
750
laboratories
across
Europe
other
regions.
The
first
survey
explored
diverse
range
activities
currently
undertaken
or
planned
laboratories.
second
specifically
targeted
methods
quality
controls
utilised
SARS-CoV-2
surveillance.
Results
findings
the
provide
comprehensive
insight
into
procedures
methodologies
applied
WWS.
In
Europe,
primarily
focuses
on
with
99%
participants
dedicated
this
virus.
However,
responses
highlighted
lack
employed
SARS-CoV-2.
pathogens,
including
antimicrobial
resistance,
is
fragmented
only
limited
number
Notably,
these
are
anticipated
expand
future.
Survey
replies
emphasise
collective
recognition
need
enhance
accuracy
results
practices,
reflecting
shared
commitment
advancing
precision
effectiveness
methodologies.
Conclusions
These
identified
standardised
common
standards
reference
materials
reliability
addition,
it
important
broaden
efforts
beyond
include
emerging
resistance
ensure
approach
protecting
health.
Frontiers in Public Health,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024
Wastewater-based
epidemiology
(WBE)
is
an
environmental
approach
to
monitor
community
health
through
the
analysis
of
sewage.
The
COVID-19
pandemic
catalyzed
scientists
and
public
professionals
revisit
WBE
as
a
tool
optimize
resource
allocation
mitigate
disease
spread
prevent
outbreaks.
Some
studies
have
highlighted
value
programs
that
coordinate
with
professionals;
however,
details
necessary
for
implementation
are
not
well-characterized.
To
respond
this
knowledge
gap,
article
documents
framework
successful
program
in
Arizona,
titled
Wastewater
Analysis
Tactical
Epidemiological
Response
Systems
(WATERS),
detailing
developed
structure
methods
communication
enabled
preparedness
response
actions.
This
illustrates
how
operations
were
employed
reduce
outbreak
severity.
outlined
here
customizable
may
guide
other
tool.
Water Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
268, С. 122747 - 122747
Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2024
Since
2020
wastewater-based
surveillance
has
quickly
been
established
as
an
effective
and
cost-efficient
tool
for
monitoring
public
health.
In
this
Making
Waves
article,
we
argue
that
these
programs
must
be
grounded
in
principles
of
justice
to
achieve
global
water
health
equity.
Ethics
initiatives
date
have
focused
primarily
on
privacy,
legality,
institutionalised
research
reviews,
often,
if
not
exclusively,
North
America
Western
Europe.
We
draw
from
our
interdisciplinary,
multisectoral,
international
expertise
experience
develop
a
justice-centred
framework
surveillance.
First,
identify
common
concerns
across
diverse
including:
defining
community,
transparency
accountability,
uneven
geographies.
Second,
political
theorist
Nancy
Fraser's
evaluate
site-specific
practices
identifying
maldistribution,
misrecognition,
exclusion.
suggest
offers
approach
evaluating
just
outcomes
rather
than
specific
regulations
governing
wastewater
different
unequal
contexts.
