Abstract.
Tailpipe
emissions
from
three
heavy-duty
diesel
vehicles
(HDDVs),
complying
with
varying
emission
standards
and
installed
diverse
aftertreatment
technologies,
are
collected
at
a
certified
chassis
dynamometer
laboratory.
The
HDDV-emitted
intermediate-volatility
semi-volatile
organic
compound
(I/SVOC)
the
gasâparticle
partitioning
of
I/SVOCs
investigated.
Over
4000
compounds
identified
grouped
into
21
categories.
dominant
groups
particulate
alkanes
phenolic
compounds.
For
HDDVs
without
devices,
i.e.,
oxidation
catalysts
(DOCs)
filters
(DPFs),
emitted
partition
dramatically
gas
phase
(accounting
for
â¼â93â%
total
I/SVOC
mass),
few
exceptions:
hopane,
four-ring
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAH4rings),
five-ring
class="inline-formula">5rings).
DPFs
DOCs,
fractions
reduced
to
negligible
level
(i.e.,
less
than
2â%).
Nevertheless,
50â%
two-ring
PAH
mass
is
detected
in
particle
phase,
which
much
higher
high-molecular-weight
PAHs,
arising
positive
sampling
artifact
quartz
filter
absorbing
vapors.
vapors
clearly
observed,
uncertainties
discussed
quantified.
Particulate
low-speed,
middle-speed,
high-speed
phases
analyzed
separately.
factor
(EF)
distribution
speciated
aerosol
(OA)
on
two-dimensional
volatility
basis
set
(2D-VBS)
space
reveals
that
OA
oxygen
carbon
(Oâ:âC)
ratios
class="inline-formula">>â0.3
(0.4,
0.5)
18.2â%
(11.5â%,
9.5â%),
23â%
(15.4â%,
13.6â%),
29.1â%
(20.6â%,
19.1â%)
stages.
These
results
help
resolve
complex
mixtures
trace
evolution
OA.
Polycyclic aromatic compounds,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
43(10), С. 8785 - 8799
Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2022
The
primary
motivation
of
this
paper
is
to
report
the
effects
n-butanol
addition
(5,
20
and
35%
by
volume)
diesel
fuel
on
regulated
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbon
(PAH)
emissions
a
engine.
PAH
samples
were
quantified
using
rigorous
analytical
chemistry
procedures
determine
total
PAHs,
dispersion
toxicity.
In
comparison
with
fuel,
all
blends
(DBu5,
DBu20,
DBu35)
reduced
nitrogen
oxides
(NOx)
6.77%,
9.59%,
20.08%
66.86%,
75.33%,
80.98%.
terms
relative
distribution
significant
decrease
was
recorded
in
higher
cyclic
PAHs
such
as
Pyrene,
Benzo[a]anthracene,
Chrysene,
Benzo[k]floranthene,
Benzo[a]pyrene
for
blends.
Similarly,
amount
toxicity
also
decreased
11.66%,
87.53%,
67.28%
DBu5,
DBu20
DBu35
blends,
respectively.
With
detected
below
Occupational
Safety
Health
Administration's
(OSHA)-Permissible
Exposure
Level
.
Overall,
it
demonstrated
that
significantly
formation
which
helpful
prevent
wet
stacking,
prolong
operating
time
engine
especially
at
low
loads
or
cold
conditions.
Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
42(2)
Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2022
Abstract
Alcohols
such
as
n‐propanol
and
diesel
fuel
can
be
mixed
to
increase
the
rate
of
bioalcohol
utilization
while
reducing
harmful
pollutants.
Examination
exhaust
emissions
from
engines,
in
terms
both
regulated
pollutants
unregulated
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAHs),
is
very
important
environment,
public
health,
engine
durability.
For
this
purpose,
study,
blends
with
various
concentrations
(5%,
20%,
35%
by
volume)
were
evaluated
a
engine.
Regulated
measured
using
standard
5‐gas
analyzer
detected
quantified
gas
chromatography–mass
spectrometry
(GC–MS).
The
effect
blended
fuels
on
PAH
formation
(total
PAHs,
distribution,
toxicity)
was
examined
detail
compared
baseline
diesel.
Nitrogen
oxide
(NO
x
)
reduced
18.30%
higher
concentrations.
addition
decreased
total
PAHs
much
71.20%.
blend
20%
concentration
stood
out
maximum
reduction
91.23%
toxicity
PAHs.
In
addition,
led
substantial
decrease
distribution
high
ring
compounds.
Overall,
it
demonstrated
that
an
effective
additive
not
only
reduce
but
also
heavier
which
are
more
carcinogenic
cause
greater
risk
wetstacking
issues
for
engines
under
cold
operating
or
low
load
conditions.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
22(21), С. 13935 - 13947
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2022
Abstract.
Tailpipe
emissions
from
three
heavy-duty
diesel
vehicles
(HDDVs),
complying
with
varying
emission
standards
and
installed
diverse
aftertreatment
technologies,
are
collected
at
a
certified
chassis
dynamometer
laboratory.
The
HDDV-emitted
intermediate-volatility
semi-volatile
organic
compound
(I/SVOC)
the
gas–particle
partitioning
of
I/SVOCs
investigated.
Over
4000
compounds
identified
grouped
into
21
categories.
dominant
groups
particulate
alkanes
phenolic
compounds.
For
HDDVs
without
devices,
i.e.,
oxidation
catalysts
(DOCs)
filters
(DPFs),
emitted
partition
dramatically
gas
phase
(accounting
for
∼
93
%
total
I/SVOC
mass),
few
exceptions:
hopane,
four-ring
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAH4rings),
five-ring
(PAH5rings).
DPFs
DOCs,
fractions
reduced
to
negligible
level
(i.e.,
less
than
2
%).
Nevertheless,
50
two-ring
PAH
mass
is
detected
in
particle
phase,
which
much
higher
high-molecular-weight
PAHs,
arising
positive
sampling
artifact
quartz
filter
absorbing
vapors.
vapors
clearly
observed,
uncertainties
discussed
quantified.
Particulate
low-speed,
middle-speed,
high-speed
phases
analyzed
separately.
factor
(EF)
distribution
speciated
aerosol
(OA)
on
two-dimensional
volatility
basis
set
(2D-VBS)
space
reveals
that
OA
oxygen
carbon
(O
:
C)
ratios
>
0.3
(0.4,
0.5)
18.2
(11.5
%,
9.5
%),
23
(15.4
13.6
29.1
(20.6
19.1
%)
stages.
These
results
help
resolve
complex
mixtures
trace
evolution
OA.
ACS Omega,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
8(28), С. 24718 - 24726
Опубликована: Июль 3, 2023
Most
of
the
current
studies
on
vehicle
engine
exhaust
emissions
are
focused
qualitative
and
quantitative
measurements.
Approval
tests
for
admitting
vehicles
to
traffic
performed
at
inspection
stations
limited
measuring
concentrations
individual
compounds
or
selected
groups
compounds.
For
with
compression-ignition
engines,
annual
emission
control
comprises
only
an
gas
opacity
test,
opacimeter.
This
approach
does
not
consider
very
harmful
that
determine
toxicity
gases
but
directly
covered
by
standards,
such
as
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
volatile
organic
Also,
it
provide
a
clear
answer
question
actual
gases,
understood
effect
given
substance
causes
living
organisms
biological
processes.
Studies
present
new
area
interest,
increasingly
more
discussed
still
approached
in
comprehensive
way.
The
include
experiments
using
vitro
methods
chemical
analyses
mixtures.
In
this
Review,
I
overview
research
critical
comparison
commonly
used
testing
might
supplement
them
significant
manner.
development
methods,
including
microscopic
analysis
cells
assessment
toxicity,
provides
innovative
problem
air
pollution.
type
presents
opportunity
indisputably
mixture
make
contribution
science
field
molecular
biology.
Current
data
show
survival
exposed
from
older
generation
is
higher
compared
newer
vehicles.
TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
175, С. 117718 - 117718
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024
Comprehensive
two-dimensional
gas
chromatography
(GC×GC)
is
a
mature
analytical
technique
with
far
greater
separation
capability
than
conventional
one-dimensional
methods.
Atmospheric
organic
aerosols
are
comprised
of
diverse
range
substances
which
challenge
analysis,
and
for
the
method
has
proved
very
suitable.
The
review
outlines
basic
principles
separation,
instrumentation,
including
detectors.
Time-of-flight
mass
spectrometry
offers
many
advantages,
especially
unknown
mixtures,
included
use
low
high
energy
electron
impact
ionisation.
available
methods
data
reduction
analysis
outlined.
GC×GC
may
be
used
in
either
targeted
or
untargeted
modes,
studies
have
covered
wide
analytes,
compound
groups.
Most
common
hydrocarbons,
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAH),
but
other
work
oxygenates,
chlorinated
nitrogen
compounds,
industrial
chemicals
consumer
products
sampled
across
environments.
Thermal
desorption
coupled
with
comprehensive
two-dimensional
gas
chromatography
and
quadrupole
mass
spectrometry
(TD-GC×GC-qMS)
was
utilized
to
identify
semi-quantify
alkylated
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(alkyl
PAHs).
The
effectiveness
of
this
GC×GC-qMS
technique
for
qualitative
analysis
confirmed
through
its
high
detection
frequency,
consistent
retention
times,
reasonably
similar
spectra
the
NIST
library,
moderate
variations
in
from
sample
sample.
Taking
advantage
capability
isolate
low-concentration
compounds
complex
matrices
aid
recognition
homologues
via
visual
inspection,
a
total
104
alkyl
PAHs
were
detected
PM2.5
samples
collected
Beijing,
China.
These
include
3-ring
4-ring
(e.g.,
fluorene,
phenanthrene/anthracene,
fluoranthene/pyrene)
higher
level
alkylation
3-4
carbon
atoms.
Results
demonstrated
presence
various
isomeric
structures
ambient
PM2.5,
levels
than
their
parent
smaller
while
lower
larger
PAHs.
contribution
health
risk
also
discussed.
Given
widespread
availability
qMS,
ease
implementing
GC×GC
solid-state
thermal
modulator,
potential
both
quantitative
analysis,
we
recommend
adoption
aerosol
samples.
This
approach
can
achieve
quantification
broader
range
enable
isomer-specific
increased
accuracy.
Optics Letters,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
49(10), С. 2689 - 2689
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024
To
enhance
the
integration
and
practical
applicability
of
Raman
detection
system,
silver
nanocubes
(Ag
NCs)
were
synthesized
using
a
polyol
method.
A
liquid–liquid
interface
approach
was
employed
to
transfer
monolayer
Ag
NCs
“film”
onto
SiO
2
substrate,
resulting
in
fabrication
highly
sensitive
uniform
surface-enhanced
scattering
(SERS)
substrate
denoted
as
“Ag
NCs@SiO
.”
The
electromagnetic
field
distribution
various
dimers
on
analyzed
finite
difference
time
domain
(FDTD)
software.
results
reveal
that
enhancement
effect
is
most
pronounced
cube-cube
dimers,
indicating
exhibit
superior
localized
surface
plasmon
resonance
(LSPR)
response
due
their
well-defined
geometric
regularity
sharp
angles.
For
Rhodamine
6G
(R6G)
probe
molecules,
shows
ultrahigh
sensitivity,
with
limit
(LOD)
10
−12
mol/L,
factor
(EF)
can
reach
1.4
×
.
relative
standard
deviation
(RSD)
at
main
characteristic
peaks
below
10%,
demonstrating
good
consistency
performance.
In
addition,
modified
hexanethiol
exhibits
high
uniformity,
repeatability
detecting
for
pyrene,
LOD
−8
mol/L
minimum
RSD
6.09%
peak,
effective
recognition
capabilities
pyrene
anthracene
mixed
solutions.
Finally,
chemisorption
physisorption
strategies
prepared
optofluidic
channels
experimentally
compared,
enabling
real-time
solution.
This
method
achieve
rapid
precise
differentiation
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
water
pollutant.