Reply on RC3 DOI Creative Commons
Xiao He

Published: Sept. 2, 2022

Abstract. Tailpipe emissions from three heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs), complying with varying emission standards and installed diverse aftertreatment technologies, are collected at a certified chassis dynamometer laboratory. The HDDV-emitted intermediate-volatility semi-volatile organic compound (I/SVOC) the gas–particle partitioning of I/SVOCs investigated. Over 4000 compounds identified grouped into 21 categories. dominant groups particulate alkanes phenolic compounds. For HDDVs without devices, i.e., oxidation catalysts (DOCs) filters (DPFs), emitted partition dramatically gas phase (accounting for ∼ 93 % total I/SVOC mass), few exceptions: hopane, four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH4rings), five-ring class="inline-formula">5rings). DPFs DOCs, fractions reduced to negligible level (i.e., less than 2 %). Nevertheless, 50 % two-ring PAH mass is detected in particle phase, which much higher high-molecular-weight PAHs, arising positive sampling artifact quartz filter absorbing vapors. vapors clearly observed, uncertainties discussed quantified. Particulate low-speed, middle-speed, high-speed phases analyzed separately. factor (EF) distribution speciated aerosol (OA) on two-dimensional volatility basis set (2D-VBS) space reveals that OA oxygen carbon (O : C) ratios class="inline-formula">> 0.3 (0.4, 0.5) 18.2 % (11.5 %, 9.5 %), 23 % (15.4 %, 13.6 %), 29.1 % (20.6 %, 19.1 %) stages. These results help resolve complex mixtures trace evolution OA.

Language: Английский

Distribution and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with PCA-MLR and PMF methods in the topsoil of Chengdu at SW, China DOI

Sizhuo Zhou,

Xinyu Wang,

Ye Yang

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 908, P. 168263 - 168263

Published: Nov. 4, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

25
Effect of n-Butanol Addition to Diesel Fuel on Reduction of PAH Formation and Regulated Pollutants DOI
Nadir Yılmaz, Francisco M. Vigil,

Burl Donaldson

et al.

Polycyclic aromatic compounds, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 43(10), P. 8785 - 8799

Published: Dec. 7, 2022

The primary motivation of this paper is to report the effects n-butanol addition (5, 20 and 35% by volume) diesel fuel on regulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions a engine. PAH samples were quantified using rigorous analytical chemistry procedures determine total PAHs, dispersion toxicity. In comparison with fuel, all blends (DBu5, DBu20, DBu35) reduced nitrogen oxides (NOx) 6.77%, 9.59%, 20.08% 66.86%, 75.33%, 80.98%. terms relative distribution significant decrease was recorded in higher cyclic PAHs such as Pyrene, Benzo[a]anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo[k]floranthene, Benzo[a]pyrene for blends. Similarly, amount toxicity also decreased 11.66%, 87.53%, 67.28% DBu5, DBu20 DBu35 blends, respectively. With detected below Occupational Safety Health Administration's (OSHA)-Permissible Exposure Level . Overall, it demonstrated that significantly formation which helpful prevent wet stacking, prolong operating time engine especially at low loads or cold conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

34
Effect of diesel and propanol blends on regulated pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under lean combustion conditions DOI
Nadir Yılmaz, Francisco M. Vigil,

Burl Donaldson

et al.

Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(2)

Published: Oct. 30, 2022

Abstract Alcohols such as n‐propanol and diesel fuel can be mixed to increase the rate of bioalcohol utilization while reducing harmful pollutants. Examination exhaust emissions from engines, in terms both regulated pollutants unregulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is very important environment, public health, engine durability. For this purpose, study, blends with various concentrations (5%, 20%, 35% by volume) were evaluated a engine. Regulated measured using standard 5‐gas analyzer detected quantified gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The effect blended fuels on PAH formation (total PAHs, distribution, toxicity) was examined detail compared baseline diesel. Nitrogen oxide (NO x ) reduced 18.30% higher concentrations. addition decreased total PAHs much 71.20%. blend 20% concentration stood out maximum reduction 91.23% toxicity PAHs. In addition, led substantial decrease distribution high ring compounds. Overall, it demonstrated that an effective additive not only reduce but also heavier which are more carcinogenic cause greater risk wetstacking issues for engines under cold operating or low load conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Emission characteristic, spatial distribution, and health risk of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs, NPAHs, and OPAHs) from light-duty gasoline and diesel vehicles based on on-road measurements DOI
Jiaqi Fu,

Tiange Fang,

Yutong Gao

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 941, P. 173390 - 173390

Published: May 28, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Comprehensive characterization of particulate intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) from heavy-duty diesel vehicles using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry DOI Creative Commons
Xiao He, Xuan Zheng, Shaojun Zhang

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(21), P. 13935 - 13947

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Abstract. Tailpipe emissions from three heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs), complying with varying emission standards and installed diverse aftertreatment technologies, are collected at a certified chassis dynamometer laboratory. The HDDV-emitted intermediate-volatility semi-volatile organic compound (I/SVOC) the gas–particle partitioning of I/SVOCs investigated. Over 4000 compounds identified grouped into 21 categories. dominant groups particulate alkanes phenolic compounds. For HDDVs without devices, i.e., oxidation catalysts (DOCs) filters (DPFs), emitted partition dramatically gas phase (accounting for ∼ 93 % total I/SVOC mass), few exceptions: hopane, four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH4rings), five-ring (PAH5rings). DPFs DOCs, fractions reduced to negligible level (i.e., less than 2 %). Nevertheless, 50 two-ring PAH mass is detected in particle phase, which much higher high-molecular-weight PAHs, arising positive sampling artifact quartz filter absorbing vapors. vapors clearly observed, uncertainties discussed quantified. Particulate low-speed, middle-speed, high-speed phases analyzed separately. factor (EF) distribution speciated aerosol (OA) on two-dimensional volatility basis set (2D-VBS) space reveals that OA oxygen carbon (O : C) ratios > 0.3 (0.4, 0.5) 18.2 (11.5 %, 9.5 %), 23 (15.4 13.6 29.1 (20.6 19.1 %) stages. These results help resolve complex mixtures trace evolution OA.

Language: Английский

Citations

23
Hydrodesulfurization kinetic modeling of mixed Feedstocks: An approach using structure-oriented lumping for complex diesel oils DOI
Mengfei Wang, Heping Yang,

Xiaowei Bai

et al.

Fuel, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 374, P. 132496 - 132496

Published: July 15, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
The Actual Toxicity of Engine Exhaust Gases Emitted from Vehicles: The Development and Perspectives of Biological and Chemical Measurement Methods DOI Creative Commons
Aleksandra Kęska

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(28), P. 24718 - 24726

Published: July 3, 2023

Most of the current studies on vehicle engine exhaust emissions are focused qualitative and quantitative measurements. Approval tests for admitting vehicles to traffic performed at inspection stations limited measuring concentrations individual compounds or selected groups compounds. For with compression-ignition engines, annual emission control comprises only an gas opacity test, opacimeter. This approach does not consider very harmful that determine toxicity gases but directly covered by standards, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons volatile organic Also, it provide a clear answer question actual gases, understood effect given substance causes living organisms biological processes. Studies present new area interest, increasingly more discussed still approached in comprehensive way. The include experiments using vitro methods chemical analyses mixtures. In this Review, I overview research critical comparison commonly used testing might supplement them significant manner. development methods, including microscopic analysis cells assessment toxicity, provides innovative problem air pollution. type presents opportunity indisputably mixture make contribution science field molecular biology. Current data show survival exposed from older generation is higher compared newer vehicles.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
A review of organic aerosol speciation by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography DOI Creative Commons
Mohammed S. Alam,

Laura McGregor,

Roy M. Harrison

et al.

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 175, P. 117718 - 117718

Published: April 16, 2024

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) is a mature analytical technique with far greater separation capability than conventional one-dimensional methods. Atmospheric organic aerosols are comprised of diverse range substances which challenge analysis, and for the method has proved very suitable. The review outlines basic principles separation, instrumentation, including detectors. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry offers many advantages, especially unknown mixtures, included use low high energy electron impact ionisation. available methods data reduction analysis outlined. GC×GC may be used in either targeted or untargeted modes, studies have covered wide analytes, compound groups. Most common hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), but other work oxygenates, chlorinated nitrogen compounds, industrial chemicals consumer products sampled across environments.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Identification and Semi-Quantification of Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Pm2.5 Using In-Injection Port Thermal Desorption Coupled with Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography and Rapid-Scanning Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (Gcxgc-Qms) DOI
Manfei Lin, Yongming Feng, Xiao He

et al.

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Thermal desorption coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and quadrupole mass spectrometry (TD-GC×GC-qMS) was utilized to identify semi-quantify alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (alkyl PAHs). The effectiveness of this GC×GC-qMS technique for qualitative analysis confirmed through its high detection frequency, consistent retention times, reasonably similar spectra the NIST library, moderate variations in from sample sample. Taking advantage capability isolate low-concentration compounds complex matrices aid recognition homologues via visual inspection, a total 104 alkyl PAHs were detected PM2.5 samples collected Beijing, China. These include 3-ring 4-ring (e.g., fluorene, phenanthrene/anthracene, fluoranthene/pyrene) higher level alkylation 3-4 carbon atoms. Results demonstrated presence various isomeric structures ambient PM2.5, levels than their parent smaller while lower larger PAHs. contribution health risk also discussed. Given widespread availability qMS, ease implementing GC×GC solid-state thermal modulator, potential both quantitative analysis, we recommend adoption aerosol samples. This approach can achieve quantification broader range enable isomer-specific increased accuracy.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Optofluidic SERS based on Ag nanocubes with high sensitivity for detecting a prevalent water pollutant DOI

Ran Na,

Xing Wang, Gan Yuan

et al.

Optics Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(10), P. 2689 - 2689

Published: April 16, 2024

To enhance the integration and practical applicability of Raman detection system, silver nanocubes (Ag NCs) were synthesized using a polyol method. A liquid–liquid interface approach was employed to transfer monolayer Ag NCs “film” onto SiO 2 substrate, resulting in fabrication highly sensitive uniform surface-enhanced scattering (SERS) substrate denoted as “Ag NCs@SiO .” The electromagnetic field distribution various dimers on analyzed finite difference time domain (FDTD) software. results reveal that enhancement effect is most pronounced cube-cube dimers, indicating exhibit superior localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) response due their well-defined geometric regularity sharp angles. For Rhodamine 6G (R6G) probe molecules, shows ultrahigh sensitivity, with limit (LOD) 10 −12 mol/L, factor (EF) can reach 1.4 × . relative standard deviation (RSD) at main characteristic peaks below 10%, demonstrating good consistency performance. In addition, modified hexanethiol exhibits high uniformity, repeatability detecting for pyrene, LOD −8 mol/L minimum RSD 6.09% peak, effective recognition capabilities pyrene anthracene mixed solutions. Finally, chemisorption physisorption strategies prepared optofluidic channels experimentally compared, enabling real-time solution. This method achieve rapid precise differentiation polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons water pollutant.

Language: Английский

Citations

2