Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 136269 - 136269
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
Sustainability, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(2), С. 522 - 522
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2024
Tyre particles are generated by shear forces between the tread and road or volatilisation. abrasion (wear) contributes from one-third to half of microplastics unintentionally released into environment. The major part ends up in soil, a considerable amount is aquatic environment, small percentage becomes airborne. Nevertheless, tyre 5–30% transport particulate matter (PM) emissions. This corresponds approximately 5% total ambient PM particle mass size distribution peak at around 20 100 μm, with second 2–10 μm range. A nucleation mode has been reported some studies. absolute levels depend on tyre, vehicle, characteristics, but also environmental conditions driving style. Most emission factors literature based data prior year 2000. We aggregated recent studies found mean 110 mg/km per vehicle 68 mg/km/t for passenger cars (based 300 measurements). Based limited number studies, PM10 emissions were 1.4–2.2 tyre. On other hand, order 1010 #/km ratio was be 2.5% average. Finally, PM2.5 calculated 40%. Various mitigation measures pollution could envisaged; most direct limitation rate, as proposed European Commission Euro 7 regulation. Other regulatory initiatives discussed.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
36
Atmospheric Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 297, С. 119597 - 119597
Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2023
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
41
Energy Research & Social Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 99, С. 103052 - 103052
Опубликована: Март 21, 2023
The world is running out of time to avoid cataclysmic climate impacts. Therefore, determining which decarbonisation strategies are more effective and inclusive in reducing anthropogenic dependency on fossil fuels vital for governments' decisions investment. This research argues that the electrification private automobility neither nor equitable. Considering current electricity mix grid, this merely shifts CO2 emissions other pollutants from urban rural areas. strategy does not look beyond problem tailpipe hence cannot eliminate deficiencies car-dependent system require system-wide solutions, such as traffic congestion road accidents. Prioritising only maintains existing inequities but also increases social injustice delays implementation interventions. We argue using EVs structurally violates biosphere human communities three ways: (1) production inequities, (2) pollution waste, (3) space exception (the 'Electric Vehicle Bubble'). Finally, we conclude eradicating necessary realise transport justice. Focusing strategies, supporting public transportation, shared mobility, active travel modes, instead offering incentives EVs, means progressive redistribution wealth can satisfactorily meet people's basic needs governmental targets.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
30
Communications Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024
Abstract Terrestrial vegetation emits vast amounts of monoterpenes into the atmosphere, influencing ecological interactions and atmospheric chemistry. Global emissions are simulated as a function temperature with fixed exponential relationship (β coefficient) across forest ecosystems environmental conditions. We applied meta-analysis algorithms on 40 years published monoterpene emission data show that between is more sensitive intricate than previously thought. Considering entire dataset, higher sensitivity = 0.13 ± 0.01 °C −1 ) derived but linear increase reported coefficients determination (R 2 ), indicating co-occurring factors modify primarily related to specific plant functional type (PFT). Implementing PFT-dependent β in biogenic model, coupled chemistry – climate demonstrated processes exceptionally dependent which subject amplified variations under rising temperatures.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
14
Applied Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(2), С. 498 - 498
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025
The distribution of mass and the number particles is a determining factor in respirable nature given particulate matter (PM), thus potential health effects breathing air question. One most popular activities during summer months preparation food on barbecue. Barbecuing represents one few sources combustion particulates summer, period which otherwise characterised by lack heating. objective this study to ascertain fractional composition PM emitted an electric barbecue compare these values with measured background. concentrations (PM) at were determined Palas AQ Guard optical spectrometer, while background Fidas 200 spectrometer that complies EN16450 standard. contribution individual fractions environment differed from observed ambient air. measurements exhibited relatively well-defined consistent distribution, PM1 fraction representing between 10 30% PM4−1 accounting for only 20%. Thus, PM4 did not exceed 50% total particles. Upon analysis grilling process, it was capable substantial proportion, exceeding 90% mass. trend related maintained; however, limit maximum content increased 40% PM. results demonstrate process itself, utilising without emission fuel, can exert notable influence submicron
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 331, С. 121830 - 121830
Опубликована: Май 19, 2023
Estimates of tyre and brake wear emission factors are presented, derived from data collected roadside urban background sites on the premises University Birmingham, located in UK's second largest city. Size-fractionated particulate matter samples were at both concurrently spring/summer 2019 analysed for elemental concentrations magnetic properties. Using Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF), three sources identified mass increment 1.0-9.9 μm stages MOUDI impactors sites, namely: dust (7.1%); (9.6%); crustal (83%). The large fraction apportioned to material was suspected be mainly a nearby construction site rather than resuspension road dust. By using Ba Zn as tracers, estimated 7.4 mg/veh.km 9.9 mg/veh.km, respectively, compared with PMF-derived equivalent values 4.4 11 mg/veh.km. Based measurements, an factor can independently 4.7 A further analysis carried out measured particle number size distribution (10 nm-10 μm). Four hourly measurements: traffic exhaust nucleation; solid particles; windblown dust; unknown source. high factor, 3.2 μg/m3, comparable magnitude (3.5 μg/m3). latter's polar plot indicated that this dominated by neighbouring site. nucleation 2.8 1.9 x 1012/veh.km, respectively.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
22
The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 900, С. 165537 - 165537
Опубликована: Июль 14, 2023
Vehicles are the third most occupied microenvironment, other than home and workplace, in developed urban areas. Vehicle cabins confined spaces where occupants can mitigate their exposure to on-road nitrogen dioxide (NO2) fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations. Understanding which parameters exert greatest influence on in-vehicle underpins advice drivers vehicle general. This study assessed NO2 PM2.5 levels stepwise general additive mixed models (sGAMM) investigate comprehensively combined individual influences of factors that exposures. The mean were 19 ± 18 6.4 2.7 μg/m3 for PM2.5, respectively. sGAMM model identified significant explaining a large fraction variability, R2 = 0.645 0.723, From model's explained variability air pollution was important predictor accounting 22.3 30 % Vehicle-based predictors included manufacturing year, cabin size, odometer reading, type filter, ventilation fan speed power, window setting, use recirculation, together 48.7 61.3 respectively, with 41.4 51.9 %, related preference filtration media, Driving-based driving speed, traffic conditions, lights, roundabouts, following high emitters accounted 22 7.4 significantly reduce by moderating settings choosing an appropriate filter.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
17
Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(5), С. 745 - 752
Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2024
Since there are known adverse health impacts of traffic-related air pollution, while at the same time potential benefits from greenness, it is important to examine more closely these factors on indoor quality in urban schools.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
7
Environmental Engineering Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(3), С. 230384 - 0
Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2023
Recent regulations on exhaust emissions have led to an increase in non-exhaust emissions, which now surpasses emissions. Non-exhaust are mainly generated from brake and tire particle abrasion, road wear, re-suspended dust. In Asia, increased significantly over the past 50 years, resulting almost 92% of population breathing polluted air, accounts for 70% air pollution related-deaths. Most Asian countries with poor quality developing or underdeveloped. Taking this into consideration, current study aims shed light particulate context assess status its health consequences provides technological solutions. The is based in-depth analysis existing reviews research concerning their impacts Asia pinpoint knowledge gaps. found that pollutants had exceeded WHO's standards many countries, bringing deleterious among children elderly. findings underscore significance future researchers' efforts devise solutions curtail ultimately reducing pollution, augmenting quality, fostering better outcomes, paving way a more sustainable before it too late.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
15
Atmosphere, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(4), С. 724 - 724
Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2023
Tyre wear particle emissions have gained significant attention due to their harmful effects on the environment and human health. However, studies tyre particles generated under chassis dynamometer conditions are still scarce. This study measures instantaneous number concentrations elemental species of in different light-duty vehicle test cycles. The results show that (PN) US06 cycle much higher than those WLTC larger more frequent accelerations decelerations former. High PN observed during high driving speeds with rapid accelerations, while lower low speed acceleration. Furthermore, tread temperature is found be related formation particles. concentration second third cycles similar, indicating once exceeds critical value, tyres become heated a steady state, will not affected by average tyre. A initial can produce cold start phase prolong time required for warm up. In addition, contained mass fraction Zn, which serve as tracer non-exhaust tests vehicles.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
13