Nano-based smart formulations: A potential solution to the hazardous effects of pesticide on the environment

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 456, С. 131599 - 131599

Опубликована: Май 9, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Assessing pesticides in the atmosphere: A global study on pollution, human health effects, monitoring network and regulatory performance

Environment International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187, С. 108653 - 108653

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2024

Pesticides are widely used in agriculture, but their impact on the environment and human health is a major concern. While much attention has been given to presence soil, water, food, there have few studies airborne pesticide pollution global scale. This study aimed assess extent of atmospheric countries worldwide identify regional differences using scoring approach. In addition analyzing risks associated with pollution, we also examined agricultural practices current air quality standards for pesticides these countries. The scores varied significantly among countries, particularly Europe. Asian Oceanic generally had higher compared those Americas, suggesting relatively level caused by regions. It worth noting that levels, as assessed theoretically, pose minimal humans. However, literature shown excessive exposure present atmosphere various problems, such cancer, neuropsychiatric disorders, other chronic diseases. Interestingly, European highest overall application intensities, this did not necessarily correspond scores. Only established specifically pesticides. Furthermore, across states USA were investigated sampling sites mapped. findings revealed limited or unevenly distributed some Nordic These can help relevant environmental agencies set up comprehensive monitoring networks. Overall, research highlights need create system increase efforts enhance regulation, ensure consistency standards, promote international cooperation.

Язык: Английский

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A comprehensive survey on weed and crop classification using machine learning and deep learning

Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13, С. 45 - 63

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2024

Machine learning and deep are subsets of Artificial Intelligence that have revolutionized object detection classification in images or videos. This technology plays a crucial role facilitating the transition from conventional to precision agriculture, particularly context weed control. Precision which previously relied on manual efforts, has now embraced use smart devices for more efficient detection. However, several challenges associated with detection, including visual similarity between crop, occlusion lighting effects, as well need early-stage Therefore, this study aimed provide comprehensive review application both traditional machine learning, combination two methods, across different crop fields. The results show advantages disadvantages using learning. Generally, produced superior accuracy compared under various conditions. required selection right features achieve high classifying conditions consisting early growth effects. Moreover, precise segmentation stage would be cases occlusion. had advantage achieving real-time processing by producing smaller models than thereby eliminating additional GPUs. development GPU is currently rapid, so researchers often accurate identification.

Язык: Английский

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Widespread contamination of soils and vegetation with current use pesticide residues along altitudinal gradients in a European Alpine valley

Communications Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

Abstract Pesticides are transferred outside of cropland and can affect animals plants. Here we investigated the distribution 97 current use pesticides in soil vegetation as central exposure matrices insects. Sampling was conducted on 53 sites along eleven altitudinal transects Vinschgau valley (South Tyrol, Italy), Europe’s largest apple growing area. A total 27 (10 insecticides, 11 fungicides 6 herbicides) were detected, originating mostly from orchards. Residue numbers concentrations decreased with altitude distance to orchards, but even detected at highest sites. Predictive, detection-based mapping indicates that pesticide mixtures occur anywhere floor mountain peaks. This study demonstrates widespread contamination Alpine environments, creating contaminated landscapes. As residue have been remote alpine ecosystems conservation areas, call for a reduction prevent further loss biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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Exposure of insects to current use pesticide residues in soil and vegetation along spatial and temporal distribution in agricultural sites

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

Abstract Current use pesticides (CUPs) are recognised as the largest deliberate input of bioactive substances into terrestrial ecosystems and one main factors responsible for current decline in insects agricultural areas. To quantify seasonal insect exposure landscape at a regional scale (Rhineland-Palatine Germany), we analysed presence multiple (93) active ingredients CUPs across three different cultivation types (with each fields: arable, vegetable, viticulture) neighbouring meadows. We collected monthly soil vegetation samples over year. A total 71 CUP residues mixtures was detected, with up to 28 25 single samples. The concentrations numbers fluctuated sampling period, peaking summer months but remaining almost constant topsoil. calculated in-field additive risks earthworms, collembola, soil-living wild bees using measured CUPs. Our results call need assess mixture low concentrations, chronically present Since this risk is not addressed regulation, emphasise urgent implement global pesticide reduction targets.

Язык: Английский

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Pesticide drift mitigation measures appear to reduce contamination of non-agricultural areas, but hazards to humans and the environment remain

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 854, С. 158814 - 158814

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2022

Pesticide drift onto non-agricultural land is a common problem in intensively farmed regions, and national action plans have been established across Europe to prevent it. Here, we analyzed official data on pesticide residues grass samples collected over six years determine whether implemented measures reduce were effective. We used 306 between 2014 2020 one of the most managed apple wine growing regions Europe, Autonomous Province Bolzano-South Tyrol, Italy. Samples for up 314 substances by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Percentage sites with multiple pesticides number decreased 2020. Fungicides often detected, fluazinam found 74 % captan 60 contaminated (53 out total 88 contaminated). The frequently insecticide, phosmet, was detected 49 sites. Only herbicide, oxadiazon, <1 sites; glyphosate not analyzed. percentage human hazard properties increased significantly regarding reproductive toxicity (from 21 2020) specific target organ (0 2020). Percentages associated endocrine-disruption (89 years) or carcinogenic (45 remained constant. where concentrations exceeded surrogate maximum residue levels (MRLs) lettuce also Potential ecotoxicological hazards acute contact honeybees high study years, while chronic earthworms decreased. Our results suggest that mitigation contributed some reduction contamination, they sufficient eliminate substantial risks health environment nontarget areas.

Язык: Английский

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Membrane technology for pesticide removal from aquatic environment: Status quo and way forward

Chemosphere, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 307, С. 136018 - 136018

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Airborne Pesticides from Agricultural Practices: A Critical Review of Pathways, Influencing Factors, and Human Health Implications

Toxics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(10), С. 858 - 858

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2023

This critical review examines the release of pesticides from agricultural practices into air, with a focus on volatilization, and factors influencing their dispersion. The delves effects airborne human health contribution to anthropogenic air pollution. It highlights necessity interdisciplinary research encompassing science, technology, public policy, effectively mitigate risks associated pesticide volatilization spray text acknowledges need for more understand fate transport pesticides, develop innovative application technologies, improve predictive modeling risk assessment, adopt sustainable pest management strategies. Robust policies regulations, supported by education, training, research, development, are crucial ensuring safe use environment. By providing valuable insights, this aids researchers practitioners in devising effective solutions safeguarding environment hazards pesticides.

Язык: Английский

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Pesticide residues with hazard classifications relevant to non-target species including humans are omnipresent in the environment and farmer residences

Environment International, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 181, С. 108280 - 108280

Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2023

Intensive and widespread use of pesticides raises serious environmental human health concerns. The presence levels 209 pesticide residues (active substances transformation products) in 625 samples (201 soil, 193 crop, 20 outdoor air, 115 indoor dust, 58 surface water, 38 sediment samples) have been studied. were collected during the 2021 growing season, across 10 study sites, covering main European crops, conventional organic farming systems. We profiled found different matrices using existing hazard classifications towards non-target organisms humans. Combining monitoring data information, we developed an indicator for prioritization pesticides, which can support policy decisions sustainable transitions. Eighty-six percent had at least one residue above respective limit detection. One hundred 112 99 sediments, 78 76 197 dust. number, levels, profile varied between Our results show that non-approved compounds still represent a significant part cocktails should be accounted programs risk assessments. profiles analysis confirms dominance low-moderate underscores high some approved recurring "no available" situations. Overall, our idea assessed mixture context, taking environmentally relevant mixtures into consideration. uncovered uncertainties gaps addressed, as well implications EU approval status level. newly introduced help identify research priority areas, act reference targeted scenarios set forth Farm to Fork reduction goals.

Язык: Английский

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Terrestrial ecotoxicity of glyphosate, its formulations, and co-formulants: evidence from 2010–2023

Environmental Sciences Europe, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 35(1)

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2023

Abstract Glyphosate (GLY), the most widely used herbicide in world, is frequently detected various environmental matrices, including soil, foundation of agriculture. In practice, more than 2000 GLY-based (GBH) products are used, consisting one or active ingredients (AIs) and so-called “inert” co-formulants that increase efficacy AIs. However, focus ecotoxicological assessments mainly on AIs, while organisms exposed to complex pesticide formulations under real-world conditions. Overall, effects non-target indicate a broad range biochemical physiological modes action, which contrasts with general assumption herbicides specific act only target plants. Both GLY alone GBHs have unintended side-effects many terrestrial organisms, plants, microorganisms, insects, spiders, earthworms, as well vertebrates such amphibians, reptiles, mammals. One triggering mechanisms for these oxidative stress consequences parameters DNA damage. addition, disruptions physiological, behavioral ecological processes been reported. Most studies examined short-term single application GLY/GBH species. agricultural practice applying two three times during cultivation season over an extended period time, interactions other pesticides agrochemicals applied same field, within field landscape rarely considered. vast majority cases, toxicity exceeds GLY, demonstrating supposedly inert either toxic their own right interact add The chemical diversity different non-disclosure make it difficult attribute substances GBH. Moreover, impurities (e.g., heavy metals arsenic, chromium, cobalt) pose additional environment food safety risks. These impacts even critical because so distributed worldwide pollutants stressors. Based available literature ecotoxicity, given drastic decline biodiversity, we conclude continued high use GBHs, resulting increased exposure risk, cannot be considered ecologically sustainable.

Язык: Английский

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