Forest growth in Europe shows diverging large regional trends

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2023

Abstract Forests cover about one-third of Europe’s surface and their growth is essential for climate protection through carbon sequestration many other economic, environmental, sociocultural ecosystem services. However, reports on how change affects forest are contradictory, even same regions. We used 415 unique long-term experiments including 642 plots across Europe covering seven tree species surveys from 1878 to 2016, showed that average strongly accelerated since the earliest surveys. Based a subset 189 in Scots pine (the most widespread Europe) high-resolution data, we identified clear large-regional differences; increasing Northern decreasing Southwest. A less pronounced increase, which probably not mainly driven by climate, prevails large areas Western, Central Eastern Europe. The regional trends suggest adaptive management level achieving climate-smart forests.

Язык: Английский

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Rapid beech decline under recurrent drought stress: Individual neighborhood structure and soil properties matter

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 545, С. 121305 - 121305

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2023

During the summer of 2022, an acute drought once more afflicted central and southern Europe. This marked third episode (after 2015 2018) severe aridity in large parts Germany within last decade, leading to increased soil water depletion. Consequently, from July 2022 onward, European beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) exhibited early withering pronounced premature defoliation. Nevertheless, crown defoliation substantial variation among same forest stands, prompting questions regarding causal factors. In our study, we scrutinized twelve mature drought-impacted, beech-dominated stands northern Bavaria, arranged along a gradient different nutrient regime levels (base-rich, intermediate, base-poor), with co-occurring vital (≤40% defoliation) declining (≥60% trees. Within each stand, selected equal number trees, culminating total 332 target Dendrochronological patterns were analyzed identify potential timing growth separation between vitality classes. Moreover, used Bayesian modelling framework discern whether disparities tree hinged on competition, structure, small-scale differences plant-available capacity, spatial clustering competitors. We further explored factors influencing magnitude decline post-2018 how these modulated by site's regime. Our study unveiled that (i) low competition size diversity bolstered vitality; (ii) spatially aggregated; (iii) strikingly similar trajectories past, which underwent drastic shift following 2018, indicating for rapid under recurrent stress; (iv) capacity emerged as crucial determinant subsequent 2018; (v) was most at base-poor intermediate sites. findings underscore importance accommodating stand characteristics advocate silvicultural guidance towards reduced densities combination heterogenous structure mitigate dieback drought-prone stands.

Язык: Английский

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Urban environment, drought events and climate change strongly affect the growth of common urban tree species in a temperate city

Urban forestry & urban greening, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 88, С. 128083 - 128083

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Drought response of the boreal forest carbon sink is driven by understorey–tree composition

Nature Geoscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(3), С. 197 - 204

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2024

Abstract The boreal forest is an important global carbon sink, but its response to drought remains uncertain. Here, we compiled biometric- and chamber-based flux data from 50 stands assess the impact of 2018 European summer on net ecosystem production (NEP) across a 68 km 2 managed landscape in northern Sweden. Our results reveal non-uniform reduction NEP (on average by 80 ± 16 g C m −2 yr − 1 or 57 13%) landscape, which was greatest young 20–50 years (95 39 ), gradually decreased towards older (54 ). This pattern attributed higher sensitivity forest-floor understorey decreasing contribution relative trees during stand development. suggests that age-dependent shift understorey–tree composition with increasing age drives NEP. Thus, our study advocates need for partitioning responses improve empirical modelling assessments cycle–climate feedbacks forests. It further implies structure may strongly determine sink projected increase events landscape.

Язык: Английский

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Looking for a drought-tolerant tree species among native and introduced mountain conifers

Trees, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(2), С. 423 - 440

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Forest growth resistance and resilience to the 2018–2020 drought depend on tree diversity and mycorrhizal type

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 112(8), С. 1787 - 1803

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2024

Abstract The frequency of consecutive drought years is predicted to increase due climate change. These droughts have strong negative impacts on forest ecosystems. Mixing tree species proposed the resistance and resilience communities. However, this promising diversity effect has not yet been investigated under extreme conditions in context complementary mycorrhizal associations their potential role improving water uptake. Here, we investigate whether promotes growth responses are modulated by associations. We used inventory data (2015–2021) from a young experiment Germany, manipulating richness (1, 2 4 species) type (communities containing arbuscular [AM] or ectomycorrhizal [EM] species, both). For all communities, calculated basal area increment periods before, during after concepts quantify drought. found declines 2018–2020 for most Contrary our hypothesis, did find that per se can buffer growth. while EM decreased with richness, they increased AM communities comprising both types. highlight among various mixtures only those mixed types outperformed respective monocultures Furthermore, drought, community tends segregate into ‘winner’ ‘loser’ terms diversity, indicating possible intensification competition. While cannot disentangle underlying mechanisms clarify mycorrhiza findings suggest within could help safeguard forests against increasing frequency. Synthesis . Drought depend association diverse holds promise restoration face

Язык: Английский

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Soil water storage capacity and soil nutrients drive tree ring growth of six European tree species across a steep environmental gradient

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 554, С. 121599 - 121599

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

Tree growth depends on tree-intrinsic attributes, synecological interactions, atmospheric conditions and soil properties. While the influence of tree factors climate are analysed in detail many studies, effect properties is less investigated compensatory effects often not quantified. In this study, we use a comprehensive dataset 1659 increment cores from six common Central European species (Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus spp.) sampled at 1562 locations across large environmental gradients Eastern Alps. Soil data was available an extensive survey including pits, laboratory analysis application pedotransfer-functions. Up to three main per site were ring widths dendrochronologically measured synchronized. Topographic information high-resolution Digital Terrain Model, biometric measures each site. To determine water storage capacity nutrient status, used generalized additive models expand standard well-known drivers growth, age, climatic balance temperature. For time span 38 years 1981 until 2018, found species-specific impacts growth. Specifically, acted as buffer overcome drought periods, particular for deep rooting like spp. Abies alba. addition, reactions status nutrient-demanding likes sylvatica but no demanding sylvestris. Our results show magnitude relation other radial species. Therefore, posit that, while age do have stronger it important consider factor, particularly distribution margins along gradients.

Язык: Английский

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Current and future drought vulnerability for three dominant boreal tree species

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2023

Abstract Climate change is projected to increase the frequency and severity of droughts, possibly causing sudden elevated tree mortality. Better understanding predictions boreal forest responses climate are needed efficiently adapt management. We used tree‐ring width chronologies from Swedish National Forest Inventory, sampled between 2010 2018, a random machine‐learning algorithm identify tree, stand, site variables that determine drought damage risk, predict their future spatial–temporal evolution. The dataset consisted 16,455 cores Norway spruce, Scots pine, birch trees all over Sweden. risk was calculated as probability growth anomaly occurrence caused by past events during 1960–2010. block cross‐validation method compute model for under current predicted 2040–2070 RCP.2.6, RCP.4.5, RCP.8.5 emission scenarios. found local climatic be most important predictors, although stand competition also affects risk. spruce currently susceptible species in southern This faces high vulnerability 28% country increases spring temperatures would greatly this area almost half total Warmer annual will forested where suffers drought, especially northern central In contrast, coincided with cold winter early‐spring temperatures. Consequently, decrease warmer pine. suggest active selection species, promoting right mixtures thinning reduce promising strategies adapting forests droughts.

Язык: Английский

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Shifts in intra-annual growth dynamics drive a decline in productivity of temperate trees in Central European forest under warmer climate

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 905, С. 166906 - 166906

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Drought timing, intensity, and consecutiveness have more influence on Douglas fir growth response than site conditions and stand density in European temperate climate

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 569, С. 122177 - 122177

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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