Lubricants,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(12), С. 449 - 449
Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2024
In
this
study,
the
cytotoxic
effects
of
brake
wear
particles
(≥250
nm
ceramic/ceramic
(CCWPs)
and
≤100
ceramic/steel
(CSWPs))
100
iron
(III)
oxide
ultrafine
(IOUFPs)
on
human
lung
carcinoma
(A549)
Chinese
hamster
ovary
(CHO)
cells
were
investigated.
Cell
viability
was
determined
using
MTT
Calcein
AM
methods.
Oxidative
stress
assessed
by
measuring
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS),
intracellular
reduced
glutathione
(GSH),
malondialdehyde
(MDA)
concentrations
under
exposure
to
above
in
concentration
range
10–80
µg/mL.
The
initial
assessments
CCWPs
CSWPs
cell
performed
after
a
4-h
but
later
extended
24
h
investigate
time-dependent
oxidative
stress.
assays
indicated
that
A549
are
less
susceptible
than
CHO
when
exposed
for
both
4
h.
This
study
highlights
induced
CCWPs,
CSWPs,
IOUFPs
is
cell-specific.
While
did
not
affect
(GSH)
levels
cells,
it
significantly
GSH
with
exception
80
Both
increased
lipid
peroxidation
types;
however,
demonstrated
lower
sensitivity
these
treatments.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J Journal of Engineering Tribology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2024
Brakes
are
one
of
the
basic
safety
systems
on
a
vehicle.
During
operation
vehicle,
brakes
allow
vehicle
to
slow
down,
i.e.,
adapt
traffic
conditions
or
stop,
if
necessary.
However,
in
all
mentioned,
emissions
brake
wear
products
occur,
which
very
harmful
environment
because
they
can
contain
heavy
metals.
Working
parameters
braking
process
responsible
for
intensity
wear,
be
tested
laboratory
road
conditions,
as
well
by
using
modern
software
packages.
This
paper
covers
theoretical
assumptions
about
materials
applied
their
production.
The
methodologies
that
other
authors
have
come
up
with
research
shown
this
paper.
Those
related
testing
most
influential
measures
reduction
wear.
available
scientific
literature
subject
area
lead
us
conclusion
what
should
taken
into
consideration
future
and
factors
not
thoroughly
investigated,
aim
reducing
emission
Particle and Fibre Toxicology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025
Abstract
Background
Airborne
fine
particulate
matter
with
diameter
<
2.5
μm
(PM2.5),
can
reach
the
alveolar
regions
of
lungs,
and
is
associated
over
4
million
premature
deaths
per
year
worldwide.
However,
source-specific
consequences
PM2.5
exposure
remain
poorly
understood.
A
major,
but
unregulated
source
car
brake
wear,
which
exhaust
emission
reduction
measures
have
not
diminished.
Methods
We
used
an
interdisciplinary
approach
to
investigate
brake-wear
upon
lung
cellular
homeostasis
using
diesel
PM
as
a
comparator.
This
involved
RNA-Seq
analyse
global
transcriptomic
changes,
metabolic
analyses
glycolytic
reprogramming,
mass
spectrometry
determine
composition,
reporter
assays
provide
mechanistic
insight
into
differential
effects.
Results
identified
from
copper-enriched
non-asbestos
organic,
ceramic
pads
inducing
greatest
oxidative
stress,
inflammation,
pseudohypoxic
HIF
activation
(a
pathway
implicated
in
diseases
air
pollution
exposure,
including
cancer,
pulmonary
fibrosis),
well
perturbation
metabolism,
metal
compared
wear
low-
or
semi-metallic
pads,
also,
importantly,
PM.
Compositional
chelator
that
effects
were
driven
by
copper.
Conclusions
demonstrate
here
may
perturb
more
than
Our
findings
potential
differences
effects,
only
for
non-exhaust
vs
PM,
also
amongst
different
sources
has
implications
our
understanding
health
road
vehicle-associated
More
broadly,
illustrate
importance
composition
on
highlighting
need
targeted
legislation
protect
public
health.
Annual Review of Public Health,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
46(1), С. 315 - 330
Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2025
While
energy
transitions
have
always
taken
place,
shifts
historically
been
primarily
from
one
type
of
fossil
fuel
to
another
(e.g.,
coal
oil).
Yet
today
we
are
experiencing
away
toward
cleaner
and
sustainable
sources.
These
include
renewable
energy,
electric
vehicles,
pedestrian
pathways
more
walkable
cities,
efficiency
measures
in
the
built
environment,
increased
public
transportation.
This
restructuring
our
system
will
bring
impacts
on
health
improved
air
quality
lower
use
traditional
gasoline-powered
vehicles).
Furthermore,
transition
can
emissions
greenhouse
gases
(GHGs),
thereby
helping
slow
climate
change
minimize
its
anticipated
health.
work
is
needed
understand
full
implications
these
transitions,
including
for
environmental
justice
terms
who
share
benefits
potential
detriments
such
as
brake
wear
existing
literature
indicates
substantial
Moving
may
offer
a
rare
win-win
strategy
healthier
society
with
environment
GHGs.
Toxics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(4), С. 301 - 301
Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2025
Non-exhaust
emissions
from
brakes
and
tyres
are
becoming
the
major
transport-related
contributor
of
particulate
matter
(PM)
pollution
in
cities.
Furthermore,
tyre
microplastics
unintentionally
released
all
environmental
compartments.
The
European
Union
introduced
for
first
time
worldwide
limits
(PM10)
(total
abrasion
mass)
with
Euro
7
regulatory
step.
Thus,
interest
brake
particles
regarding
health
impacts
has
significantly
increased
recent
years.
In
this
review,
we
summarise
studies
that
assessed
impact
on
human,
mammalian,
aquatic,
terrestrial
cells
organisms.
compared
to
other
sources.
We
also
critically
examine
sampling
methodologies
studies.
Environment International,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
190, С. 108885 - 108885
Опубликована: Июль 14, 2024
There
is
currently
limited
data
on
the
potential
effects
of
tire
and
road
wear
particles
(TRWP)
human
health.
TRWP
include
fragments,
but
also
materials,
dust,
adsorbed
gaseous
pollutants
different
types
inclusions
that
could
affect
their
hazard
profiles.
Due
to
availability
lower
complexity,
ground
(TP)
are
often
used
in
toxicological
studies.
However,
this
makes
it
difficult
draw
firm
conclusions
about
actual
TRWP.
Here,
we
compared
vitro
profile
TP
emissions
similar
size
collected
from
traffic.
For
purpose,
were
separately
incubated
with
alveolar
macrophages
for
24
h,
cellular
response
was
evaluated
terms
cytotoxicity,
proinflammatory
oxidative
stress.
Both
induced
neither
significant
cytotoxicity
nor
stress,
triggered
a
concentration-dependent
response,
as
evidenced
by
increased
TNF-α
production.
The
level
production
slightly
higher
than
TP,
independent
particle
dose.
All
all,
pulmonary
toxicity
be
due
primarily
tread
only
marginally
other
components
(i.e.
dust
…).
Although
these
preliminary
results
need
confirmed
further
analysis,
they
useful
manufacturers
safer-by-design
tires.
