Royal Society Open Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Synthetic
additives
used
in
petrochemical
products,
such
as
plastics,
rubbers,
resins
and
polymers,
can
enter
the
environment
contaminants
pollute
aquatic
soil
environment.
Thus,
using
natural-based
alternative
compounds
has
excellent
potential
to
reduce
negative
impact.
In
this
study,
role
of
isothiocyanate
derivatives
Cp
1
–Cp
4
,
i.e.
allylisothiocyanate,
1-isothiocyanate-3-methylbutane,
4-methylphenyl
2-phenylethyl
use
primary
antioxidant
was
studied
via
their
HO
•
-radical
scavenging
activity.
Formal
hydrogen
transfer,
radical
adduct
formation
single
electron
transfer
mechanisms
were
investigated
water
pentyl
ethanoate
(PEA)
density
functional
theory
at
M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p)
level
theory.
The
results
illustrated
high
-scavenging
activity
with
rate
constants
about
10
8
–10
9
M
−1
s
.
Allylisothiocyanate
represents
most
efficient
-scavenger
k
overall
5.20
×
1.85
PEA.
These
allow
us
enrich
data
on
effective
from
natural
sources
radicals-induced
oxidation
processes
different
environmental
conditions.
Water,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(8), С. 1128 - 1128
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024
Human
exposure
to
p-phenylenediamine
derivatives
(PPDs)
may
induce
hepatotoxicity
and
altered
glycolipid
metabolism.
Recent
studies
have
demonstrated
the
wide
presence
of
PPDs
in
environmental
matrixes.
However,
until
now,
occurrence
tap
water
has
not
been
well
known.
This
study
analyzed
nine
collected
from
Hangzhou
Taizhou,
China.
The
results
showed
that
seven
were
detected
samples
(n
=
131),
with
concentration
total
ranging
0.29
7.9
ng/L
(mean:
1.6
ng/L).
N-(1,
3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
(6PPD;
mean:
0.79
ng/L,
<LOD−5.7
ng/L)
was
predominant
PPD
Hangzhou,
followed
by
N,
N′-di-2-butyl-p-phenylenediamine
(44PD;
0.39
<LOD−2.2
N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-1,
4-phenylenediamine
(IPPD;
0.31
<LOD−1.4
Five
Taizhou
30).
N-phenyl-N′-cyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine
(CPPD;
1.0
<LOD−4.2
6PPD
(0.93
<LOD−2.6
44PD
(0.78
<LOD−1.8
mean
daily
intake
(DI)
for
adults
children
estimated
be
4.9–24
6.4–32
pg/kg
bw/day,
respectively.
Meanwhile,
DI
living
11–31
14–40
To
our
knowledge,
this
provides
first
data
on
water,
which
is
vital
human
risk
assessment.
Environment International,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
187, С. 108677 - 108677
Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2024
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
(6PPD)
is
commonly
used
in
rubber
compounds
as
antioxidants
to
protect
against
degradation
from
heat,
oxygen,
and
ozone
exposure.
This
practice
extends
the
lifespan
of
products,
including
tires,
by
preventing
cracking,
aging,
deterioration.
However,
environmental
consequences
waste
generated
during
product
use,
particularly
formation
6PPD-quinone
(6PPD-Q)
through
reaction
6PPD
with
ozone,
have
raised
significant
concerns
due
their
detrimental
effects
on
ecosystems.
Extensive
research
has
revealed
widespread
occurrence
its
derivate
6PPD-Q
various
compartments,
air,
water,
soil.
The
emerging
substance
been
shown
pose
acute
mortality
long-term
hazards
aquatic
terrestrial
organisms
at
concentrations
below
environmentally
relevant
levels.
Studies
demonstrated
toxic
a
range
organisms,
zebrafish,
nematodes,
mammals.
These
include
neurobehavioral
changes,
reproductive
dysfunction,
digestive
damage
exposure
pathways.
Mechanistic
insights
suggest
that
mitochondrial
stress,
DNA
adduct
formation,
disruption
lipid
metabolism
contribute
toxicity
induced
6PPD-Q.
Recent
findings
human
samples,
such
blood,
urine,
cerebrospinal
fluid,
underscore
importance
further
public
health
toxicological
implications
these
compounds.
distribution,
fate,
biological
effects,
underlying
mechanisms
environment
highlight
urgent
need
for
additional
understand
address
impacts
Toxics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(6), С. 394 - 394
Опубликована: Май 28, 2024
As
an
antioxidant
and
antiozonant,
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
(6PPD)
is
predominantly
used
in
the
rubber
industry
to
prevent
degradation.
However,
6PPD
can
be
ozonated
generate
a
highly
toxic
transformation
product
called
quinone
(6PPD-quinone),
which
aquatic
terrestrial
organisms.
Thus,
6PPD-quinone,
two
emerging
contaminants,
have
attracted
extensive
attention
recently.
This
review
discussed
levels
distribution
of
6PPD-quinone
environment
investigated
their
effects
on
series
been
widely
found
air,
water,
dust,
while
data
soil,
sediment,
biota
are
scarce.
cause
teratogenic,
developmental,
reproductive,
neuronal,
genetic
toxicity
for
organisms,
at
environmentally
relevant
concentrations.
Future
research
should
pay
more
bioaccumulation,
biomagnification,
transformation,
mechanisms
6PPD-quinone.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
290, С. 117744 - 117744
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
(6PPD),
a
synthetic
additive
widely
used
in
the
rubber
industry,
and
its
oxidized
product
6PPD-quinone
(6PPDQ),
have
garnered
widespread
attention
as
an
emerging
hazardous
chemicals
owing
to
their
potential
detrimental
effects
on
aquatic
ecosystem
human
health.
The
of
6PPD
6PPDq
female
reproductive
tract,
especially
embryo
implantation,
remain
unknown
were
investigated
this
study.
We
spheroid
attachment
outgrowth
models
BeWo
trophoblastic
spheroids
Ishikawa
cells
surrogates
for
blastocyst
endometrial
epithelium,
respectively.
Treatment
with
up
48
h
decreased
viability
dose-
cell
line-dependent
manner
(20-100
μM
10-100
6PPDQ
both
lines).
At
noncytotoxic
concentration,
exposure
1
10
reduced
further
inhibited
invasion
epithelial
monolayer.
A
similar
result
was
observed
6PPDQ-exposed
groups.
Gene
expression
profiling
6PPD-
revealed
that
differentially
regulated
panel
transcript
markers
toward
overall
downregulation
receptivity
invasion.
study
provides
first
proof
adverse
trophoblast
during
window
warranting
need
vivo
clinical
studies.
