Polymers,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(19), С. 2837 - 2837
Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2024
Microplastics
(MPLs)
and
nanoplastics
(NPLs)
are
smaller
particles
derived
from
larger
plastic
material,
polymerization,
or
refuse.
In
context
to
environmental
health,
they
separated
into
the
industrially-created
“primary”
category
degradation
derivative
“secondary”
where
exhibit
different
physiochemical
characteristics
that
attenuate
their
toxicities.
However,
some
particle
types
more
well
documented
in
terms
of
fate
environment
potential
toxicological
effects
(secondary)
versus
industrial
fabrication
chemical
characterization
(primary).
Fourier
Transform
Infrared
Spectroscopy
(FTIR/µ-FTIR),
Raman/µ-Raman,
Proton
Nuclear
Magnetic
Resonance
(H-NMR),
Curie
Point-Gas
Chromatography-Mass
Spectrometry
(CP-gc-MS),
Induced
Coupled
Plasma-Mass
(ICP-MS),
Nanoparticle
Tracking
Analysis
(NTA),
Field
Flow
Fractionation-Multiple
Angle
Light
Scattering
(FFF-MALS),
Differential
Scanning
Calorimetry
(DSC),
Thermogravimetry
(TGA),
Mobility
Particle
[Sizing]
(DMPS),
Electron
Microscopy
(SEM),
Transmission
(TEM),
X-ray
Microspectroscopy
(STXM)
reviewed
as
part
a
suite
methods
for
ascertainment
distinguishment.
addition,
Optical-Photothermal
(O-PTIR),
Z-Stack
Confocal
Microscopy,
Mueller
Matrix
Polarimetry,
Digital
Holography
(DH)
touched
upon
cutting-edge
modes
characterization.
Organizations,
like
water
treatment
waste
management
industry,
those
groups
bring
awareness
this
issue,
which
direct
contact
with
hydrosphere,
can
utilize
these
techniques
order
sense
remediate
polymer
pollution.
The
primary
goal
review
paper
is
highlight
extent
pollution
introduce
its
effect
on
biodiversity
planet
while
underscoring
current
field
research.
secondary
involves
illustrating
theoretical
avenues
future
research
needs
address
optimize
MPL/NPL
remediation,
utilizing
nanotechnology,
before
sleeping
giant
problem
awakens.
This
tutorial
reviews
the
rapidly
growing
field
of
optical
photothermal
infrared
(O-PTIR)
spectroscopy
and
chemical
imaging.
O-PTIR
is
an
super-resolution
measurement
technique
where
a
shorter
wavelength
visible
probe
used
to
measure
map
(IR)
absorption
with
spatial
resolution
up
30×
better
than
conventional
techniques
such
as
Fourier
transform
direct
IR
laser
imaging
systems.
article
key
limitations
instruments,
technology
breakthroughs,
their
origins
that
have
overcome
prior
limitations.
also
discusses
recent
developments
in
expanding
multi-modal
approaches
enable
complementary
Raman
fluorescence
microscopy
imaging,
including
wide-field
fluorescence-based
detection
absorption.
Various
practical
subjects
are
covered,
sample
preparation
techniques,
optimal
configurations,
use
tags/labels
for
data
analysis,
visualization.
Key
applications
reviewed
many
areas,
biological
biomedical
sciences,
environmental
microplastics
research,
(bio)pharmaceuticals,
materials
science,
cultural
heritage,
forensics,
photonics,
failure
analysis.
Environmental Science & Technology Letters,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(12), С. 1262 - 1271
Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2024
Microplastic
(MP)
pollution
has
become
a
global
issue,
attracting
attention
from
stakeholders
around
the
globe.
Knowledge
of
MPs
been
substantially
advanced
in
recent
years.
Newly
developed
analytical
technologies
allow
better
characterization
MPs,
but
characterizing
nanosized
plastic
particles
remains
challenging.
Transport
debris
land
to
oceans
is
key
driver
for
marine
pollution,
and
relative
contributions
riverine
runoff
atmospheric
deposition
must
be
further
quantified.
Another
lingering
issue
whether
can
bioaccumulate
biomagnify
along
food
web,
which
demands
investigations.
Currently
there
no
health
risk
assessment
human
exposure
probably
due
lack
reference
threshold
values.
Hence,
establishing
values
should
long-term
continuing
task
scientific
community.
Recent
progress
quantifying
vertical
settling
deep
brightened
prospect
finding
"Missing
Plastics",
at
least
partially.
Future
efforts
are
urgently
needed
developing
novel
techniques,
conducting
additional
laboratory
field
measurements,
formulating
robust
models
understand
occurrence,
fate,
effects
on
planet.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025
Humans
are
constantly
exposed
to
micro-
and
nanosized
plastics
(MNPs);
however,
there
is
still
limited
understanding
of
their
fate
within
the
body,
partially
due
limitations
with
current
analytical
techniques.
The
study
assessed
appropriateness
pyrolysis–gas
chromatography–mass
spectrometry
(Py-GC-MS)
analysis
for
quantification
a
range
polymers
in
human
blood.
An
extraction
protocol
that
reduced
matrix
interferences
(false
positives)
polyethylene
(PE)
polyvinyl
chloride
(PVC)
was
developed
validated.
Extraction
recoveries
ranged
7–109%,
although
surface-modified
polystyrene
(carboxylated)
increased
nanoparticle
from
17
52%.
Realistic
detection
limits
were
calculated
each
polymer,
accounting
suppression
recovery.
These
up
20
times
higher
than
nominal
Milli-Q
water.
Finally,
method
tested
pilot
Australian
population.
PE
but
present,
no
other
above
limits.
It
concluded
Py-GC-MS
currently
not
suitable
PVC
biological
matrices
presence
nonspecific
pyrolysis
products.
Furthermore,
while
it
plausible
detect
some
blood,
estimated
exposure
concentrations
needed
approaching
technique.
Environment International,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 109377 - 109377
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
The
presence
of
microplastics
in
the
human
body
and
their
potential
health
risks
have
drawn
widespread
attention
recent
years.
Microplastics
been
detected
blood,
though
pathways
entry
remain
unclear.
This
study
employed
Raman
spectroscopy
energy
dispersive
to
evaluate
microplastic
release
characteristics
intravenous
medical
devices,
aiming
investigate
influencing
factors
risk
entering
bloodstream.
results
showed
that
were
found
three
widely-used
with
abundances
ranging
from
0.44
2.00
items/n.
Polyethylene,
polypropylene
(46.2
%),
fragments
(96.7
white
(86.8
%)
predominant
characteristics.
Factors
such
as
brand,
specifications,
usage
scenarios
influence
release,
leading
differences
detection
rates
among
different
devices
(0-100%).
Repeated
use
significantly
increases
(p
<
0.05).
Notably,
built-in
filtration
membranes
do
not
completely
retain
may
pose
a
shedding
fibers
themselves.
Using
exposure
assessment
model,
estimated
per
person
year
was
3.75
items
for
syringe,
6.22
infusion
set,
0.35
vein
detained
needle.
Overall,
although
amount
through
injection
is
lower
than
dietary
other
pathways,
direct
into
bloodstream
remains
concern.
research
provides
critical
evidence
understanding
blood
plastic
offering
significant
scientific
value
assessing
safety
device
use.
