Abstract
Extensive
lockdowns
during
the
COVID‐19
pandemic
caused
a
remarkable
decline
in
human
activities
that
have
influenced
urban
climate,
especially
air
quality
and
heat
islands.
However,
impact
of
such
changes
on
local
climate
based
long
term
ground‐level
observations
has
hitherto
not
been
investigated.
Using
pollution
measurements
for
four
major
Canadian
metropolitan
areas
(Toronto,
Montreal,
Vancouver,
Calgary),
we
find
PM
2.5
markedly
decreased
after
with
peak
reduction
ranging
between
42%
53%
relative
to
2000–2019
reference
period.
Moreover,
show
substantial
canopy
island
intensity
lockdown
post
periods
0.7°C
1.6°C
comparison
20‐year
preceding
The
results
this
study
may
provide
insights
policymakers
define
regulation
strategies
facilitate
improvement
areas.
Energy and Built Environment,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024
Extreme
heat
due
to
changing
climate
poses
a
new
challenge
for
temperate
climates.
The
is
further
aggravated
by
inadequate
research,
policy,
or
preparedness
effectively
respond
and
recover
from
its
impacts.
While
urban
morphology
plays
crucial
role
in
mitigating
heat,
it
has
received
limited
attention
planning,
highlighting
the
need
exploration,
particularly
regions.
To
illustrate
potential
mitigations,
we
use
example
of
coastal
city
Cardiff.
establish
interrelations
between
island
patterns,
explored
spatiotemporal
variations
land
surface
temperature
(LST),
normalised
difference
vegetation
index
(NDVI),
(SUHI)
local
zone
(LCZ)
classification
Results
showed
significant
variation
SUHI
LCZ
zones.
Both
LST
NDVI
were
found
vary
significantly
across
zones
demonstrating
their
association
with
form
locality.
For
built-up
areas,
more
compact
built-environment
smaller
cover
larger
building
density
was
2.0°C
warmer
than
open
when
comparing
mean
summer
LSTs.
On
average,
natural
classes
exhibit
that
8.0°C
lower
6.0°C
built-environment.
Consequently,
high-density,
LCZs
have
greater
effect
compared
classes.
Therefore,
cities
will
benefit
incorporating
an
sufficient
greenery
spaces.
These
findings
help
determine
optimal
climates
develop
mitigation
strategies
while
designing,
improving
existing
areas.
In
addition,
map
applied
this
study
Cardiff
enable
international
comparison
testing
proven
change
adaptation
techniques
similar
Aeolian Research,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
55, С. 100786 - 100786
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2022
While
anthropogenic
pollutants
have
decreased
during
the
lockdown
imposed
as
an
effort
to
contain
spread
of
Coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19),
changes
in
particulate
matter
(PM)
do
not
necessarily
exhibit
same
tendency.
This
is
case
for
eastern
Arabian
Peninsula,
where
March-June
2020,
and
with
respect
period
2016-2019,
a
30
%
increase
PM
concentration
observed.
A
stronger
than
normal
nocturnal
low-level
jet
subtropical
over
parts
Saudi
Arabia,
response
anomalous
convection
tropical
Indian
Ocean,
promoted
enhanced
more
frequent
episodes
Shamal
winds
Peninsula.
Increased
surface
associated
downward
mixing
momentum
fostered,
turn,
dust
lifting
increased
concentrations.
The
also
favoured
long-range
transport
aerosols,
changing
values
downstream.
competing
effects
reduced
concentrations
leave
small
positive
signal
(<5
W
m
