Frontiers in Built Environment,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
9
Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023
The
first
year
of
COVID-19
tested
the
economic
resilience
cities,
calling
into
question
viability
density
and
essential
nature
certain
types
services.
This
study
examines
built
environment
socio-economic
factors
associated
with
closure
customer-facing
food
businesses
across
urban
areas
Seattle,
Washington.
covers
16
neighborhoods
(44
census
block
groups),
two
field
audits
included
in
cross-sectional
studies
conducted
during
peak
periods
pandemic
2020.
Variables
describing
their
environments
were
selected
classified
using
regression
tree
methods,
relationships
to
business
continuity
estimated
a
binomial
model,
type
neighborhood
socio-demographic
characteristics
as
controlled
covariates.
Results
show
that
impact
was
not
evenly
distributed
environment.
Compared
grocery
stores,
odds
restaurant
staying
open
May
June
24%,
only
improving
10%
by
end
Density
played
role
closure,
though
this
differed
over
time.
In
June,
retail
82%
less
likely
remain
if
located
within
quarter-mile
radius
office-rich
city,
where
pre-pandemic
job
greater
than
95
per
acre.
November
December,
66%
residential
23.6
persons
contrast,
median
household
income
percentage
non-Asian
color
positively
significantly
continuity.
Altogether,
these
findings
provide
more
detailed
accurate
profiles
complete
impression
spatial
heterogeneity
pandemic,
implications
for
future
planning
real
estate
development
post-pandemic
era.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023
The
emerging
and
ongoing
outbreak
of
human
monkeypox
(hMPX)
in
2022
is
a
serious
global
threat.
An
understanding
the
evolution
virus
(MPXV)
at
single-gene
level
may
provide
clues
for
exploring
unique
aspects
current
outbreak:
rapidly
expanding
sustained
human-to-human
transmission.
For
investigation,
alleles
156
MPXV
coding
genes
(which
account
>95%
genomic
sequence)
have
been
gathered
from
roughly
1,500
isolates,
including
those
responsible
previous
outbreaks.
Using
range
molecular
approaches,
we
demonstrated
that
intra-species
homologous
recombination
has
negligible
effect
on
evolution.
Despite
fact
majority
(64.10%)
were
subjected
to
negative
selection
whole
gene
level,
10
(MPXVgp004,
010,
012,
014,
044,
098,
138,
178,
188,
191)
found
total
15
codons
or
amino
acid
sites
are
known
evolve
under
positive
Darwinian
selection.
Except
MPXVgp138,
almost
all
these
encode
proteins
interact
with
host.
Of
these,
five
ankyrin
188)
one
Bcl-2-like
protein
(MPXVgp014)
involved
poxviruses’
host
determination.
We
discovered
(80%)
substitutions
emerged
several
decades
ago,
indicating
constant
pressure
more
adaptable
circulating
natural
reservoir.
This
finding
was
also
supported
by
minimum
spanning
networks
alleles.
three
(T/A426V
MPXVgp010,
A423D
MPXVgp012,
S105L
MPXVgp191)
appeared
2019
2022,
they
would
be
crucial
virus’
eventual
adaptation
humans.
Protein
modeling
suggests
affect
functions
variety
ways.
Further
study
should
focus
revealing
biological
effects
viral
humans,
virulence,
transmission,
so
on.
Our
advances
knowledge
MPXV’s
adaptive
mechanism
provides
insights
factors
outbreak.
Environmental Research,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
228, С. 115907 - 115907
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2023
As
a
pandemic
hotspot
in
Japan,
between
March
1,
2020–October
2022,
Tokyo
metropolis
experienced
seven
COVID-19
waves.
Motivated
by
the
high
rate
of
incidence
and
mortality
during
seventh
wave,
environmental/health
challenges
we
conducted
time-series
analysis
to
investigate
long-term
interaction
air
quality
climate
variability
with
viral
Tokyo.
Through
daily
time
series
geospatial
observational
pollution/climate
data,
death
cases,
this
study
compared
environmental
conditions
multiwaves.
In
spite
five
State
Emergency
(SOEs)
restrictions
associated
pandemic,
(2020–2022)
period
recorded
low
improvements
relative
(2015–2019)
average
annual
values,
namely:
Aerosol
Optical
Depth
increased
9.13%
2020
year,
declined
6.64%
2021,
12.03%
2022;
particulate
matter
PM2.5
PM10
decreased
2020,
2022
years
10.22%,
62.26%,
0.39%,
respectively
4.42%,
3.95%,
5.76%.
For
(2021–2022)
ratio
PM2.5/PM10
was
(0.319
±
0.1640),
showing
higher
contribution
aerosol
loading
traffic-related
coarse
particles
comparison
fine
particles.
The
highest
rates
cases
wave
(1
July
2022–1
October
2022)
may
be
attributed
accumulation
near
ground
levels
pollutants
pathogens
due
to:
1)
peculiar
persistent
atmospheric
anticyclonic
circulation
strong
positive
anomalies
geopotential
height
at
500
hPa;
2)
lower
Planetary
Boundary
Layer
(PBL)
heights;
3)
maximum
temperature
land
surface
prolonged
heat
waves
(HWs)
summer
4)
no
imposed
restrictions.
Such
findings
can
guide
public
decision-makers
design
proper
strategies
curb
pandemics
under
stable
weather
HWs
large
metropolitan
areas.
Drug Metabolism and Disposition,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
50(9), С. 1151 - 1160
Опубликована: Июль 5, 2022
Molnupiravir
is
one
of
the
two
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
oral
drugs
that
were
recently
granted
emergency
use
authorization
by
Food
and
Drug
Administration
(FDA).
an
ester
requires
hydrolysis
to
exert
antiviral
activity.
Carboxylesterases
constitute
a
class
hydrolases
with
high
catalytic
efficiency.
Humans
express
major
carboxylesterases
(CES1
CES2)
differ
in
substrate
specificity.
Based
on
structural
characteristics
molnupiravir,
this
study
was
performed
test
hypothesis
molnupiravir
preferably
hydrolyzed
CES2.
Several
complementary
approaches
used
hypothesis.
As
many
as
24
individual
human
liver
samples
tested
significantly
correlated
level
CES2
but
not
CES1.
Microsomes
from
intestine,
kidney,
liver,
lung,
all
rapidly
magnitude
related
closely
expression
among
these
organs.
Importantly,
recombinant
CES1
collectively
establishing
CES2-selective
substrate.
In
addition,
several
polymorphic
variants
(e.g.,
R180H)
differed
wild-type
molnupiravir.
Molecular
docking
revealed
its
variant
R180H
different
sets
amino
acids
interact
Furthermore,
inhibited
remdesivir,
first
COVID-19
drug
full
approval
FDA.
The
results
presented
raise
possibility
genetic
variation
may
impact
therapeutic
efficacy
clinical
situations
warrants
further
investigation.
SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT:
remains
global
health
crisis,
approved
therapeutics.
study,
we
have
shown
hydrolytically
activated
CES2,
hydrolase
whose
activity
impacted
variants,
mediators,
potentially
coadministered
medicines.
These
