Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2022
The
main
strategy
for
the
treatment
of
epilepsy
is
use
pharmacological
agents
known
as
antiseizure
medication
(ASM).
These
drugs
control
seizure
onset
and
improves
life
expectancy
quality
patients.
Several
ASMs
are
contraindicated
during
pregnancy,
due
to
a
potential
teratogen
risk.
For
this
reason,
treatments
pregnant
Women
with
Epilepsy
(WWE)
need
comprehensive
analyses
reduce
fetal
risk
first
trimester
pregnancy.
mechanisms
by
which
ASM
teratogens
still
under
study
scientists
in
field,
propose
different
hypotheses.
One
them,
will
be
addressed
review,
corresponds
alteration
on
ion
channels
proteins
involved
relevant
signaling
cellular
responses
(i.e.,
migration,
differentiation)
embryonic
development.
actual
information
related
action
its
possible
targets
it
poorly
understood.
In
we
focus
describing
eventual
presence
some
synaptic
neurotransmitter
pathways
present
early
neural
development,
could
potentially
interacting
ASM.
This
leads
elucidate
whether
these
would
have
ability
affect
critical
periods
development
that
turn
explain
malformations
observed
Asian Journal of Basic Science & Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
06(01), С. 125 - 141
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Epilepsy
is
a
prominent
neurological
disorder
caused
by
range
of
factors,
including
epilepsy-associated
genes,
hereditary
variables,
environmental
factors
such
as
oxidative
stress
and
depression,
inflammatory
molecules
that
influence
it.
Worldwide,
more
than
65
million
individuals
are
afflicted
epilepsy.
The
majority
with
epilepsy
live
in
nations
low
to
middle-income
levels.
In
Pakistan,
the
incidence
at
10
cases
per
1000
inhabitants.
There
distinct
classifications
based
on
frequency
seizures,
which
include
generalized
epilepsy,
localized
uncertain
origin.
Based
etiology
it
well
acknowledged
this
condition
characterized
highly
active
network
originates
from
ionic
transmission.
Brain
injury,
traumatic
ischemic
injuries,
leads
production
chemicals.
excessive
mediators
impairment
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB),
induces
inflammation
both
central
peripheral
regions,
leading
epileptic
diseases.
Over
thousand
genes
thought
be
involved
developing
epilepsy;
most
extensively
researched
comprise
GABRG2,
SCN,
CACN,
KCN1A,
MTHFR,
MTTL1,
EFHC1
gene.
Various
therapeutic
approaches
have
been
devised
treat
neurosurgical
interventions,
antiepileptic
medications,
anticonvulsant
pharmaceuticals,
ketogenic
dietary
regimens,
herbal
remedies.
This
review
article
provides
thorough
analysis
encompassing
its
categorization,
agents
accountable
for
onset,
genetic
linked
progression,
current
disease.
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(18), С. 5637 - 5637
Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2024
Schizophrenia
is
a
chronic
psychotic
disorder
comprising
positive
symptoms,
negative
and
cognitive
deficits.
Negative
symptoms
are
associated
with
stigma,
worse
functional
outcomes,
significant
deterioration
in
quality
of
life.
Clinical
diagnosis
challenging
despite
its
significance,
current
treatments
offer
little
improvement
the
burden
symptoms.
This
article
reviews
pharmacological
strategies
for
treating
Dopaminergic,
glutamatergic,
serotonergic,
noradrenergic,
cholinergic,
anti-inflammatory
compounds,
hormones,
psychostimulants
explored.
Finally,
we
review
global
treatment
guidelines
In
general,
switching
to
second-generation
antipsychotic
seems
be
most
often
recommended
patients
schizophrenia
on
first-generation
antipsychotics,
an
add-on
antidepressant
considered
when
depression
also
present.
However,
remains
unmet
need.
Future,
larger
clinical
studies
meta-analyses
needed
establish
effective
agents
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2022
The
main
strategy
for
the
treatment
of
epilepsy
is
use
pharmacological
agents
known
as
antiseizure
medication
(ASM).
These
drugs
control
seizure
onset
and
improves
life
expectancy
quality
patients.
Several
ASMs
are
contraindicated
during
pregnancy,
due
to
a
potential
teratogen
risk.
For
this
reason,
treatments
pregnant
Women
with
Epilepsy
(WWE)
need
comprehensive
analyses
reduce
fetal
risk
first
trimester
pregnancy.
mechanisms
by
which
ASM
teratogens
still
under
study
scientists
in
field,
propose
different
hypotheses.
One
them,
will
be
addressed
review,
corresponds
alteration
on
ion
channels
proteins
involved
relevant
signaling
cellular
responses
(i.e.,
migration,
differentiation)
embryonic
development.
actual
information
related
action
its
possible
targets
it
poorly
understood.
In
we
focus
describing
eventual
presence
some
synaptic
neurotransmitter
pathways
present
early
neural
development,
could
potentially
interacting
ASM.
This
leads
elucidate
whether
these
would
have
ability
affect
critical
periods
development
that
turn
explain
malformations
observed
