Placental inflammation, oxidative stress, and fetal outcomes in maternal obesity

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 35(7), С. 638 - 647

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

The obesity epidemic has led to a growing body of research investigating the consequences maternal on pregnancy and offspring health. placenta, traditionally viewed as passive intermediary between mother fetus, is known play critical role in modulating intrauterine environment fetal development, we now know that leads increased inflammation, oxidative stress, altered placental function. Here, review recent exploring involvement inflammation stress mechanisms impacting placenta fetus during obese pregnancy. Understanding them crucial for informing strategies can mitigate adverse health effects development disease risk.

Язык: Английский

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Unraveling the Dynamics of Estrogen and Progesterone Signaling in the Endometrium: An Overview

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(15), С. 1236 - 1236

Опубликована: Июль 23, 2024

The endometrium is crucial for the perpetuation of human species. It a complex and dynamic tissue lining inner wall uterus, regulated throughout woman’s life based on estrogen progesterone fluctuations. During each menstrual cycle, this multicellular undergoes cyclical changes, including regeneration, differentiation in order to allow egg implantation embryo development, or shedding functional layer absence pregnancy. biology relies paracrine interactions between epithelial stromal cells involving signaling pathways that are modulated by variations levels across cycle. Understanding complexity receptor will help elucidate mechanisms underlying normal reproductive physiology provide fundamental knowledge contributing better understanding consequences hormonal imbalances gynecological conditions tumorigenesis. In narrative review, we delve into endometrium, encompassing progesterone.

Язык: Английский

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The effect of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on placental development

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2023

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or endocrine disruptors are substances that either naturally occurring artificial and released into the natural environment. Humans exposed to EDCs through ingestion, inhalation, skin contact. Many everyday household items, such as plastic bottles containers, liners of metal food cans, detergents, flame retardants, food, gadgets, cosmetics, pesticides, contain disruptors. Each hormone has a unique chemical makeup structural attributes. The way hormones connect receptors is described “lock key” mechanism, with each serving key (lock). This mechanism enabled by complementary shape their hormone, which allows activate receptors. exogenous compounds have negative impact on organisms’ health interacting functioning system. associated cancer, cardiovascular risk, behavioural disorders, autoimmune abnormalities, reproductive disorders. exposure in humans highly harmful during critical life stages. Nonetheless, effect placenta often underestimated. especially sensitive due its abundance In this review, we evaluated most recent data effects placental development function, including heavy metals, plasticizers, UV filters preservatives. under evaluation evidence from human biomonitoring found nature. Additionally, study indicates important knowledge gaps will direct future research topic.

Язык: Английский

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Obesity and gestational diabetes independently and collectively induce specific effects on placental structure, inflammation and endocrine function in a cohort of South African women

The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 601(7), С. 1287 - 1306

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023

Abstract Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated with insulin resistance health risks for mother offspring. Obesity is also characterized by low‐grade inflammation, which in turn, impacts sensitivity. The placenta secretes inflammatory cytokines hormones that influence maternal glucose handling. However, little known about the effect of obesity, GDM their interaction, on placental morphology, cytokines. In a South African cohort non‐obese obese pregnant women without GDM, this study examined morphology using stereology, hormone cytokine expression real‐time PCR, western blotting immunohistochemistry, circulating TNFα IL‐6 concentrations ELISA. Placental endocrine growth factor genes was not altered or GDM. LEPTIN gene diminished, syncytiotrophoblast immunostaining elevated stromal fetal vessel staining reduced manner partly influenced status. protein abundance were Both and, to lesser extent, accompanied specific changes morphometry. blood pressure weight gain infant ponderal index modified and/or Thus, have states may relate pregnancy outcomes. These findings contribute developing placenta‐targeted treatments improve offspring outcomes, particularly relevant given increasing rates worldwide. image Key points Rates worldwide, including low‐middle income countries (LMIC). Despite this, much work field conducted higher‐income countries. well‐characterised women, shows structure, production profile. Moreover, such neonatal outcomes who identification help design diagnostic therapeutic approaches particular significant benefit LMICs.

Язык: Английский

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The Placenta: A Maternofetal Interface

Annual Review of Nutrition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43(1), С. 301 - 325

Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2023

The placenta is the gatekeeper between mother and fetus. Over first trimester of pregnancy, fetus nourished by uterine gland secretions in a process known as histiotrophic nutrition. During second placentation has evolved to point at which nutrients are delivered via maternal blood (hemotrophic nutrition). gestation, must adapt these variable nutrient supplies, alterations physiology flow, dynamic changes fetal growth rates. Numerous questions remain about mechanisms used transport determinants this process. Growing data highlight ability regulate As new technologies omics approaches utilized study maternofetal interface, greater insight into unique organ its impact on development long-term health been obtained.

Язык: Английский

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TGFβ signalling: a nexus between inflammation, placental health and preeclampsia throughout pregnancy

Human Reproduction Update, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(4), С. 442 - 471

Опубликована: Март 22, 2024

Abstract BACKGROUND The placenta is a unique and pivotal organ in reproduction, controlling crucial growth cell differentiation processes that ensure successful pregnancy. Placental development tightly regulated dynamic process, which the transforming factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily plays central role. This family of pleiotropic factors heavily involved regulating various aspects reproductive biology, particularly trophoblast during first trimester TGFβ signalling precisely regulates invasion transition from cytotrophoblasts to extravillous trophoblasts, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-like process. Later pregnancy, ensures proper vascularization angiogenesis placental endothelial cells. Beyond its role trophoblasts cells, contributes polarization function decidual macrophages by promoting maternal tolerance semi-allogeneic foetus. Disturbances early have been associated with several pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia (PE) one severe complications. Emerging evidence suggests pathogenesis PE, thereby offering potential target for intervention human placenta. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE comprehensive review aims explore elucidate roles major members superfamily, TGFβs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), activins, inhibins, nodals, (GDFs), context function. focusses on their interactions within types placenta, namely immune both normal pregnancies complicated PE throughout SEARCH METHODS A literature search was carried out using PubMed Google Scholar, searching terms: ‘TGF preeclampsia’, ‘pregnancy TGF signalling’, ‘preeclampsia tgfβ’, bmp’, gdf’, activin’, ‘endoglin pregnancy’, ‘tgfβ ‘bmp ‘gdf ‘activin ‘Hofbauer tgfβ ‘placental ‘endothelial cells ‘endothelium ‘trophoblast Smad’, development’, ‘TGFβ function’, dysfunction ‘vascular remodelling TGFβ’, ‘inflammation ‘immune response NK cells’, tregs’, ‘NK ‘Tregs preeclampsia’. Only articles published English until 2023 were used. OUTCOMES understanding interconnected functions main provides valuable insights into essential foetus By orchestrating invasion, vascularization, tolerance, tissue remodelling, ligands contribute functioning healthy maternal–foetal interface. However, dysregulation has implicated where shallow defective vascular decreased uteroplacental perfusion, observed are all affected altered signalling. WIDER IMPLICATIONS important implications research clinical practice. Further investigation required understand underlying mechanisms, different regulation under pathophysiological conditions, order discover new therapeutic targets. Distinguishing between clinically manifested subtypes studying holistically step. To put this knowledge practice, pre-clinical animal models combined technologies needed. may also lead improved identify targets, ultimately improving outcomes reducing burden PE.

Язык: Английский

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Alcohol reprograms placental glucose and lipid metabolism which correlate with reduced fetal brain but not body weight in a mouse model of prenatal alcohol exposure

Journal of Nutrition, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Mechanistic insights into Ageratum conyzoides L. in preventing spontaneous abortion: A computational and pharmacological study

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6, С. 100143 - 100143

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Placental adaptations supporting fetal growth during normal and adverse gestational environments

Experimental Physiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 108(3), С. 371 - 397

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2022

Abstract The placenta is vital for mammalian development and a key determinant of life‐long health. It the interface between mother fetus responsible transporting nutrients oxygen needs to develop grow. Alterations in placental formation function, therefore, have consequences fetal growth birthweight, which turn determine perinatal survival risk non‐communicable diseases offspring later postnatal life. However, not static organ. As this review summarizes, research from multiple species has demonstrated that function alter developmentally substrates during normal gestation, as well when there greater competition polytocous monotocous with gestations. also adapts response gestational environment, integrating information about ability provide prevailing environment. In particular, structure (e.g. vascularity, surface area, blood flow, diffusion distance) transport capacity nutrient transporter levels activity) respond suboptimal environments, namely malnutrition, obesity, hypoxia maternal ageing. Mechanisms mediating environmentally induced homeostatic responses help support include imprinted genes, signalling pathways, subcellular constituents sexomes. Identification these strategies may inform therapies complicated human pregnancies advance understanding pathways underlying poor outcomes their health disease risk.

Язык: Английский

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Role of ferroptosis in pregnancy related diseases and its therapeutic potential

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11

Опубликована: Март 8, 2023

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death characterized by iron overload, overwhelming lipid peroxidation, and disruption antioxidant systems. Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis associated with pregnancy related diseases, such as spontaneous abortion, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrahepatic cholestasis pregnancy, preterm birth. According to these findings, inhibiting might be potential option treat diseases. This review summarizes the mechanisms advances ferroptosis, pathogenic role in diseases medicines for its treatment.

Язык: Английский

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