Tomato plant growth promotion and drought tolerance conferred by three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is mediated by lipid metabolism

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 208, С. 108478 - 108478

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Changes in Biological and Chemical Soil Properties in an Austrian Long‐Term Tillage Experiment

European Journal of Soil Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 76(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Conventional tillage, including ploughing after harvest and/or for seedbed preparation, aims to incorporate crop residues and weeds loosen, mix aerate the soil. However, less beneficial effects, such as a loss of soil organic carbon (SOC), are also associated with intensive tillage. This has made reduced minimum tillage systems without increasingly popular in agriculture, contributing health climate change mitigation. We studied effects different on chemical microbial properties long‐term field experiment established fine‐sandy loamy Haplic Chernozem Fuchsenbigl, Austria, 1988. The treatments include conventional (CT) plough cultivator down 30 cm depth, (RT) 15 two three times year, well (MT) treated rotary driller once year 5–8 depth. In 2016, sampling campaign was conducted, alkaline phosphatase, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), nitrogen (N) mineralisation potential were analysed along SOC, active C, total (N t ), CAL extractable phosphorus (P ) potassium (K ). Under MT, these significantly higher compared CT 0–10 cm. deeper layers, parameters showed very few significant differences between treatments. RT yielded intermediate values but not always from CT. PLFA indicators correlated SOC and, even more distinctly, N carbon. high ratio Gram‐positive Gram‐negative bacteria indicates recalcitrant matter top layer MT than

Язык: Английский

---

Hydrolyzable microplastics in soil—low biodegradation but formation of a specific microbial habitat?

Biology and Fertility of Soils, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 58(4), С. 471 - 486

Опубликована: Март 31, 2022

Abstract Microplastics (MP, plastic particles between 0.1 and 5000 μm) contaminate agricultural soils through the application of organic fertilizers, sewage sludge, mulch. MP surfaces MP-soil interface provide specific habitats for soil microorganisms—the plastisphere. Microorganisms in plastisphere may benefit from utilizing as a carbon (C) source. Hydrolyzable with ester bonds are susceptible to enzymatic depolymerization by hydrolysis. In microcosm experiment, we investigated biodegradation small large (< 0.5 mm 0.5–2 respectively), hydrolyzable (a poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene co-adipate terephthalate) blend, PLA/PBAT) non-hydrolyzable (low-density polyethylene, LDPE) polymers, effects these on microorganisms dry wet MP-amended soil. affected neither abundance composition main microbial groups (fungi, Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria), activities ß-glucosidase, ß-xylosidase, lipase, phenoloxidase, nor respiration Only PLA/PBAT were significantly mineralized (15.4% initial PLA/PBAT-C after 230 days). mineralization coincided enhanced lipase ß-glucosidase individual extracted incubation (compared LDPE non-incubated particles). We detected cracks using scanning electron microscopy, indicating initiation biodegradation, presumably due lipases. Results suggest that is polymer-specific habitat lipase-producing microorganisms. Our study demonstrates analyzing biogeochemical interactions within plastispheres essential assess fate their impacts microbially driven processes.

Язык: Английский

---

Toward a coordinated understanding of hydro‐biogeochemical root functions in tropical forests for application in vegetation models

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 242(2), С. 351 - 371

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

Summary Tropical forest root characteristics and resource acquisition strategies are underrepresented in vegetation global models, hampering the prediction of forest–climate feedbacks for these carbon‐rich ecosystems. Lowland tropical forests often have globally unique combinations high taxonomic functional biodiversity, rainfall seasonality, strongly weathered infertile soils, giving rise to distinct patterns traits functions compared with higher latitude We provide a roadmap integrating recent advances our understanding belowground function into focusing on water nutrient acquisition. offer comparisons empirical model that represent important processes forests. focus on: (1) fine‐root soil exploration, (2) coupling trade‐offs vs acquisition, (3) aboveground–belowground linkages plant use. suggest avenues representing extremely diverse communities computationally manageable ecologically meaningful groups models linked hydro‐nutrient functions. undergoing warming, shifting regimes, exacerbation scarcity caused by elevated atmospheric CO 2 . The accurate representation is crucial interactions this biome climate.

Язык: Английский

---

Drought Impacts on Plant–Soil Carbon Allocation—Integrating Future Mean Climatic Conditions

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 31(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Droughts affect soil microbial abundance and functions—key parameters of plant–soil carbon (C) allocation dynamics. However, the impact drought may be modified by mean climatic conditions to which microbiome has previously been exposed. In a future warmer drier world, effects therefore differ from those observed in studies that simulate under current conditions. To investigate this, we used field experiment ‘Hohenheim Climate Change,’ an arable where predicted had simulated for 12 years. April 2021, exposed this agroecosystem 8 weeks with subsequent rewetting. Before drought, at peak after rewetting, pulse‐labelled winter wheat situ 13 CO 2 trace recently assimilated C plants microorganisms back atmosphere. Severe decreased respiration (−35%) gram‐positive bacteria (−15%) but no effect on gram‐negative bacteria, fungi, total biomass C. This pattern was not affected precipitation regime microbes pre‐exposed. Reduced had, however, legacy decreasing proportion allocated pool (−50%). Apart that, continuous warming important driver fluxes throughout our experiment, increasing plant biomass, root sugar concentration, labile C, respiration. Warming also shifted toward utilizing organic matter as source instead compounds. Our study found moderate shifts patterns can impose how plant‐derived is temperate during drought. The overarching warming, suggests agroecosystems respond will mainly temperature increases.

Язык: Английский

---

Enhancing consistency in arbuscular mycorrhizal trait-based research to improve predictions of function

Mycorrhiza, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 35(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Fatty acid 16:1ω5 as a proxy for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal biomass: current challenges and ways forward

Biology and Fertility of Soils, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 58(8), С. 835 - 842

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Soil organic carbon sourcing variance in the rhizosphere vs. non-rhizosphere of two mycorrhizal tree species

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 176, С. 108884 - 108884

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Beyond PLFA: Concurrent extraction of neutral and glycolipid fatty acids provides new insights into soil microbial communities

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 187, С. 109205 - 109205

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2023

The analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) is one the most common methods used to quantify abundance, and analyse community structure, soil microbes. PLFA extraction method can yield two additional lipid fractions—neutral lipids glycolipids—which potentially hold additional, valuable information on microbial communities. Yet its quantitative sensitivity complete neutral (NLFA) glycolipid acid (GLFA) profiles has never been validated. In this study we tested (i) if high-throughput be expanded concurrently extract NLFA GLFA profiles, as well sterols, (ii) whether taxonomic specificities signature are retained across three fractions in pure culture strains, (iii) NLFAs GLFAs allow soil-specific fingerprinting same extent analysis. By adjusting polarity chloroform with 2% ethanol for solid phase extraction, standards were fully fractionated into lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids. Sterols eluted fraction, a betaine co-eluted We found consistent markers by analysing extracts representative Fatty from extracts, however, showed stronger differences between PLFAs, NLFAs, than types. This indicates that PLFAs signify different properties (biomass vs. carbon storage, putatively), sensitive traits which behave differently PLFAs. Although consistently high abundances characteristic sterols fungal only yielded miniscule amounts ergosterol extracts. argue concomitant measurement all low-effort information-rich addition method, discuss applicability analyses.

Язык: Английский

---

Plant roots are more strongly linked to microorganisms in leaf litter rather than in soil across tropical land-use systems

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 190, С. 109320 - 109320

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2024

Tropical soil microorganisms are major recyclers of the biosphere organic carbon. However, link tropical to two main pathways how carbon enters belowground system, i.e., plant roots and leaf litter, is poorly understood. To investigate relative importance these pathways, we studied response in litter underlying topsoil root trenching (exclusion living roots) removal rainforests, this altered by rainforest conversion rubber oil palm plantations. Unexpectedly, linkage between microbial biomass was stronger than across land-use types, indicating that trees prioritize mining for nutrients rather soil. After trenching, basal respiration decreased 32% 38%, respectively, whereas remained unchanged fatty acid profiles indicated proportion total mycorrhizal fungi soil, with effect on being especially strong when present. Litter neither significantly affected nor community structure suggesting compartmentalization processing Overall, results suggest types root-derived resources shape via different communities relying heavily carbon, structured predominantly long-term factors related history.

Язык: Английский

---