Recent progress in translational engineeredin vitromodels of the central nervous system

Brain, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 143(11), С. 3181 - 3213

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2020

The complexity of the human brain poses a substantial challenge for development models CNS. Current animal lack many essential characteristics (in addition to raising operational challenges and ethical concerns), conventional in vitro models, turn, are limited their capacity provide information regarding functional systemic responses. Indeed, these may underlie notoriously low success rates CNS drug efforts. During past 5 years, there has been leap functionality systems CNS, which have potential overcome limitations traditional model systems. availability human-derived induced pluripotent stem cell technology further increased translational Yet, adoption state-of-the-art platforms within research community is limited. This be attributable high costs or immaturity Nevertheless, fabrication decreased, tremendous ongoing efforts improve quality differentiation. Herein, we aim raise awareness capabilities accessibility advanced technologies. We an overview some main recent developments (since 2015) models. In particular, focus on engineered based culture combined with microfluidic (e.g. 'organ-on-a-chip' systems). delve into fundamental principles underlying review several applications study health disease. Our discussion addresses that hinder implementation personalized medicine large-scale industrial settings, outlines existing differentiation protocols sources. conclude by providing practical guidelines laboratories considering adopting organ-on-a-chip

Язык: Английский

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Microfluidics for Biotechnology: Bridging Gaps to Foster Microfluidic Applications

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2020

Microfluidics and novel lab-on-a-chip applications have the potential to boost biotechnological research in ways that are not possible using traditional methods. Although microfluidic tools were increasingly used for different within biotechnology recent years, a systematic routine use academic industrial labs is still established. For many absent innovative, ground-breaking "out-of-the-box" been made responsible missing drive integrate technologies into fundamental applied research. In this review, we highlight microfluidics' offers compare them most important demands of biotechnologists. Furthermore, detailed analysis state-of-the-art microfluidics was conducted exemplarily four emerging fields can substantially benefit from application systems, namely phenotypic screening cells, microbial population heterogeneity, organ-on-a-chip approaches characterisation synthetic co-cultures. The resulted discussion "gaps" be rare integration studies. Our revealed six major gaps, concerning lack interdisciplinary communication, mutual knowledge motivation, methodological compatibility, technological readiness commercialisation, which need bridged future. We conclude connecting an impossible challenge seven suggestions bridge gaps between those disciplines. This lays foundation systems procedures.

Язык: Английский

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Organ-On-Chip Technology: The Future of Feto-Maternal Interface Research?

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2020

The placenta and fetal membrane act as a protective barrier throughout pregnancy while maintaining communication nutrient exchange between the baby mother. Disruption of this leads to various complications, including preterm birth, which can have lasting negative consequences. Thus, understanding role feto-maternal interface during parturition is vital advancing basic clinical research in field obstetrics. However, human subject studies are inherently difficult, appropriate animal models lacking. Due these challenges, vitro cell culture-based most commonly utilized. structure functions conventionally used 2D 3D vastly different from vivo environment, making it difficult fully understand factors affecting well pathways mechanisms contributing term births. This limitation also makes develop new therapeutics. emergence vivo-like such organ-on-chip (OOC) platforms better recapitulate responses has potential move forward significantly. OOC technology brings together two distinct fields, microfluidic engineering cell/tissue biology, through diverse organ structures functionalities be built into laboratory model that mimics tissues organs. In review, we first provide an overview technology, highlight major designs achieving multi-layer co-cultivation cells, introduce recently developed interface. As component aim outline progress on practicality effectiveness (FM-OOC) currently advances they fostered obstetrics research. Lastly, perspective future applications FM-OOC models, even those integrate multiple systems single system may recreate intrauterine architecture its entirety, will accelerate our communication, induction labor, drug or toxicant permeability at interface, development therapeutic strategies.

Язык: Английский

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iPSC-Derived Liver Organoids: A Journey from Drug Screening, to Disease Modeling, Arriving to Regenerative Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(17), С. 6215 - 6215

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2020

Liver transplantation is the most common treatment for patients suffering from liver failure that caused by congenital diseases, infectious agents, and environmental factors. Despite a high rate of patient survival following transplantation, organ availability remains key limiting factor. As such, research has focused on different cell types are capable repopulating restoring function. The best cellular mix engrafting proliferating over long-term, as well optimal immunosuppression regimens, remain to be clearly well-defined. Hence, alternative strategies in field regenerative medicine have been explored. Since discovery induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) potential differentiating into broad spectrum types, many studies reported achievement iPSCs differentiation cells, such hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, endothelial Kupffer cells. In parallel, an increasing interest study self-assemble or matrix-guided three-dimensional (3D) organoids paved way functional bioartificial livers. this review, we will focus recent breakthroughs development iPSCs-based major drawbacks challenges need overcome future applications.

Язык: Английский

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Journey of organ on a chip technology and its role in future healthcare scenario

Applied Surface Science Advances, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9, С. 100246 - 100246

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2022

Organ on a chip refers to microengineered biomimetic system which reflects structural and functional characteristics of human tissue. It involves biomaterial technology, cell biology engineering combined together in miniaturized platform. Several models using different organs such as lungs chip, liver kidney heart intestine skin have been successfully developed. Food Drug administration (FDA) has also shown confidence this technology partnered with industries/institutes are working technology. In review, the concepts applications model scientific domains including disease development, drug screening, toxicology, pathogenesis study, efficacy testing virology is discussed. envisaged that amalgamation various modules into unified body device utmost importance for diagnosis treatment, especially considering complications due ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. expected market demand developing organ devices skyrocket near future.

Язык: Английский

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