bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2024
Abstract
Wireless
communication
technology’s
ubiquity
means
constant
exposure
to
radiofrequency
electromagnetic
fields
(RF-EMF).
While
concerns
exist
about
RF-EMF’s
effects
on
fetal
brain
development,
studying
this
in
pregnant
women
poses
ethical
and
safety
challenges.
Our
study
examined
1.7
GHz
LTE
impact
early
human
development
using
organoids
derived
from
induced
pluripotent
stem
cells
(hiPSCs).
Previous
research
showed
that
100-day-old
cerebral
cortical
correspond
19-24
weeks
post-conception
of
development.
We
exposed
RF-EMF
at
8
W/kg
specific
absorption
rate
(SAR)
for
5
hours
daily
up
100
days.
monitored
size,
developmental
morphology,
stage
markers
immunofluorescence
microscopy
qPCR
analysis.
Comparing
RF-EMF-exposed
with
controls
no
significant
differences
or
expression
key
markers:
SOX2
PAX6
(pluripotent
cell
markers),
NEUN
(mature
neuronal
marker),
MAP2
(dendrite
SYN1
(synapse
marker).
Results
suggest
SAR
may
not
significantly
affect
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Март 20, 2024
Stem
cell-derived
organoid
technology
is
a
powerful
tool
that
revolutionizes
the
field
of
biomedical
research
and
extends
scope
our
understanding
human
biology
diseases.
Brain
organoids
especially
open
an
opportunity
for
brain
modeling
many
neurological
diseases,
which
have
lagged
due
to
inaccessibility
samples
lack
similarity
with
other
animal
models.
can
be
generated
through
various
protocols
mimic
whole
or
region-specific.
To
provide
overview
technology,
we
summarize
currently
available
list
several
factors
consider
before
choosing
protocols.
We
also
outline
limitations
current
challenges
need
solved
in
future
investigation
development
pathobiology.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(10), С. 9006 - 9006
Опубликована: Май 19, 2023
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
have
been
recognized
as
promising
candidates
for
developing
novel
therapeutics
a
wide
range
of
pathologies,
including
ocular
disorders,
due
to
their
ability
deliver
diverse
array
bioactive
molecules,
proteins,
lipids,
and
nucleic
acids,
recipient
cells.
Recent
studies
shown
that
EVs
derived
from
various
cell
types,
mesenchymal
stromal
cells
(MSCs),
retinal
pigment
epithelium
cells,
endothelial
therapeutic
potential
in
such
corneal
injury
diabetic
retinopathy.
exert
effects
through
mechanisms,
promoting
survival,
reducing
inflammation,
inducing
tissue
regeneration.
Furthermore,
promise
nerve
regeneration
diseases.
In
particular,
MSCs
demonstrated
promote
axonal
functional
recovery
animal
models
optic
glaucoma.
contain
neurotrophic
factors
cytokines
can
enhance
neuronal
survival
regeneration,
angiogenesis,
modulate
inflammation
the
retina
nerve.
Additionally,
experimental
models,
application
delivery
platform
molecules
has
revealed
great
treatment
disorders.
However,
clinical
translation
EV-based
therapies
faces
several
challenges,
further
preclinical
are
needed
fully
explore
disorders
address
challenges
successful
translation.
this
review,
we
will
provide
an
overview
different
types
cargo,
well
techniques
used
isolation
characterization.
We
then
review
explored
role
highlighting
need
be
addressed
Finally,
discuss
future
directions
Overall,
aims
comprehensive
current
state
art
ophthalmic
with
focus
on
Cells,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(13), С. 1697 - 1697
Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2023
Neural
tube
defects
(NTDs),
including
anencephaly
and
spina
bifida,
are
common
major
malformations
of
fetal
development
resulting
from
incomplete
closure
the
neural
tube.
These
conditions
lead
to
either
universal
death
(anencephaly)
or
severe
lifelong
complications
(spina
bifida).
Despite
hundreds
genetic
mouse
models
defect
phenotypes,
genetics
human
NTDs
poorly
understood.
Furthermore,
pharmaceuticals,
such
as
antiseizure
medications,
have
been
found
clinically
increase
risk
when
administered
during
pregnancy.
Therefore,
a
model
that
recapitulates
neurodevelopment
would
be
immense
benefit
understand
underlying
identify
teratogenic
mechanisms.
Using
our
self-organizing
single
rosette
cortical
organoid
(SOSR-COs)
system,
we
developed
high-throughput
image
analysis
pipeline
for
evaluating
SOSR-CO
structure
NTD-like
phenotypes.
Similar
small
molecule
inhibition
apical
constriction,
medication
valproic
acid
(VPA),
known
cause
NTDs,
increases
lumen
size
cell
surface
area
in
dose-responsive
manner.
GSK3β
HDAC
inhibitors
caused
similar
expansion;
however,
RNA
sequencing
suggests
VPA
does
not
inhibit
at
these
concentrations.
The
knockout
SHROOM3,
well-known
NTD-related
gene,
also
expansion
lumen,
well
reduced
f-actin
polarization.
increased
sizes
were
by
suggesting
impingement
this
process
is
shared
mechanism
treatment
SHROOM3-KO,
two
causes
NTDs.
Our
system
allows
rapid
identification
phenotypes
both
compounds
variants
should
prove
useful
understanding
specific
NTD
mechanisms
predicting
drug
teratogenicity.
Trends in Cell Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Brain
organoids
are
important
3D
models
for
studying
human
brain
development,
disease,
and
evolution.
To
overcome
some
of
the
existing
limitations
that
affect
organoid
quality,
reproducibility,
characteristics,
in
vivo
resemblance,
current
efforts
directed
to
improve
their
physiological
relevance
by
exploring
different,
yet
interconnected,
routes.
In
this
review,
these
approaches
latest
developments
discussed,
including
stem
cell
optimization,
refining
morphogen
administration
strategies,
altering
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
niche,
manipulating
tissue
architecture
mimic
morphogenesis.
Additionally,
strategies
increase
diversity
enhance
maturation,
such
as
establishing
co-cultures,
assembloids,
xenotransplantation,
reviewed.
We
explore
how
various
factors
can
be
tuned
intermingled
speculate
on
future
avenues
towards
even
more
physiologically-advanced
organoids.
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
28(17)
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental
disorders
are
mostly
studied
using
mice
as
models.
However,
the
mouse
brain
lacks
similar
cell
types
and
structures
those
of
human
brain.
In
recent
years,
emergence
three‐dimensional
organoids
derived
from
embryonic
stem
cells
or
induced
pluripotent
allows
for
controlled
monitoring
evaluation
early
neurodevelopmental
processes
has
opened
a
window
studying
various
aspects
development.
such
lack
original
anatomical
structure
during
maturation,
maturation
that
rely
on
unique
cellular
interactions
neural
network
connections
limited.
Consequently,
difficult
to
be
used
extensively
effectively
while
modelling
later
stages
development
disease
progression.
To
address
this
problem,
several
methods
technologies
have
emerged
aim
enhance
sophisticated
regulation
developmental
through
bioengineering
approaches,
which
may
alleviate
some
current
limitations.
This
review
discusses
advances
application
areas
organoid
culture
methods,
aiming
generalize
optimization
strategies
systems,
improve
ability
mimic
development,
value
organoids.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024
SUMMARY
Neural
organoids
have
revolutionized
how
human
neurodevelopmental
disorders
(NDDs)
are
studied.
Yet,
their
utility
for
screening
complex
NDD
etiologies
and
in
drug
discovery
is
limited
by
a
lack
of
scalable
quantifiable
derivation
formats.
Here,
we
describe
the
RosetteArray
®
platform’s
ability
to
be
used
as
an
off-the-shelf,
96-well
plate
assay
that
standardizes
incipient
forebrain
spinal
cord
organoid
morphogenesis
micropatterned,
3-D,
singularly
polarized
neural
rosette
tissues
(>9000
per
plate).
RosetteArrays
seeded
from
cryopreserved
pluripotent
stem
cells,
cultured
over
6-8
days,
immunostained
images
can
quantified
using
artificial
intelligence-based
software.
We
demonstrate
suitability
developmental
neurotoxicity
genetic
environmental
factors
known
cause
tube
defect
risk.
Given
presence
perturbation
models
NDDs
neurodegenerative
disorders,
platform
could
enable
quantitative
high-throughput
(qHTS)
risk
across
regulatory
precision
medicine
applications.
