Revolutionizing Neurocare: Biomimetic Nanodelivery Via Cell Membranes

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(26)

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2024

Abstract Brain disorders represent a significant challenge in medical science due to the formidable blood–brain barrier (BBB), which severely limits penetration of conventional therapeutics, hindering effective treatment strategies. This review delves into innovative realm biomimetic nanodelivery systems, including stem cell‐derived nanoghosts, tumor cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles, and erythrocyte membrane‐based carriers, highlighting their potential circumvent BBB's restrictions. By mimicking native properties, these nanocarriers emerge as promising solution for enhancing drug delivery brain, offering strategic advantage overcoming barrier's selective permeability. The unique benefits leveraging membranes from various sources is evaluated advanced technologies fabricating membrane‐encapsulated nanoparticles capable masquerading endogenous cells are examined. enables targeted broad spectrum therapeutic agents, ranging small molecule drugs proteins, thereby providing an approach neurocare. Further, contrasts capabilities limitations with traditional methods, underlining enable targeted, sustained, minimally invasive modalities. concluded perspective on clinical translation underscoring transformative impact landscape intractable brain diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Intracellular communication and immunothrombosis in sepsis

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(11), С. 2475 - 2484

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2022

Abstract

Inflammation and coagulation are the critical responses to infection that include leukocytes, platelets, vascular endothelial cells responding in concert eradicate invading pathogen. In sepsis, a variety of cell surface receptors, including toll‐like Fcγ‐receptors, G‐protein‐coupled adhesion detect pathogens elicit thromboinflammatory responses. Concurrently, molecular patterns released from host damaged accelerate immune through binding same pattern recognition receptors. Cytokines, chemokines, extracellular vesicles important mediators for amplifying distant as part systemic response infections. At time, communicate with each other via direct contact, molecules, paracrine mediators, tunneling nanotubes, which regulating inflammation thrombus formation. Despite increasing attention immunothrombosis these close communication systems less understood but play role defense mechanisms. this review, cellular activation intercellular sepsis focus on will be considered.

Язык: Английский

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Immune Response and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Spike Proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and mRNA Vaccines

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2), С. 451 - 451

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 disease) uses Spike proteins of its envelope infecting target cells expressing on membrane angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that acts as a receptor. To control pandemic, genetically engineered vaccines have been designed inducing neutralizing antibodies against proteins. These do not act like traditional protein-based vaccines, they deliver message in form mRNA or DNA to host then produce and expose protein (from which it can be shed soluble form) alert immune system. Mass vaccination has brought light various adverse effects associated with these based mainly affecting circulatory cardiovascular ACE2 is present membrane-bound several cell types, including mucosa upper gastrointestinal tracts, endothelium, platelets, plasma. converts vasoconstrictor II into peptides vasodilator properties. Here we review pathways immunization molecular mechanisms through protein, either from encoded by mRNA-based interferes Renin-Angiotensin-System governed ACE2, thus altering homeostasis circulation Understanding interactions consequent impact system will direct diagnosis therapy vaccine-related provide information development personalized considers pathophysiological conditions predisposing such events.

Язык: Английский

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Fright of Long-Haul Flights: Focus on Travel-Associated Thrombosis

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

Abstract Travel-related thrombosis (TRT), encompassing deep vein (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), poses a significant health risk associated with long-haul travel. Prolonged immobility, dehydration, cabin pressure changes during flights contribute to venous stasis, hypoxia, hypercoagulability, collectively increasing the of thromboembolism (VTE). While absolute TRT is relatively low in population overall, it rises significantly among high-risk groups, including individuals history VTE, thrombophilia, pregnancy, or recent surgery. This review explores epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation while highlighting importance early recognition prevention. Risk assessment models can provide guidance for identifying at-risk travelers. Preventive strategies include pharmacological prophylaxis low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) nonpharmacological measures such as compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression, mobility exercises, hydration. Guidelines from international societies recommend tailored interventions based on individual profiles, randomized controlled trials are scarce. Given that travel dramatically expands, this critically analyzes available management various settings, aiming increase awareness global issue.

Язык: Английский

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The Aftermath of COVID-19: Exploring the Long-Term Effects on Organ Systems

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(4), С. 913 - 913

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2024

Background: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) is a complicated disease that affects millions people all over the world. Previous studies have shown PASC impacts 10% infected patients which 50–70% are hospitalised. It has also been 10–12% those vaccinated against COVID-19 were affected by and its complications. The severity later development symptoms positively associated with early intensity infection. Results: generated health complications caused involve vast variety organ systems. Patients diagnosed neuropsychiatric neurological symptoms. cardiovascular system involved several diseases such as myocarditis, pericarditis, coronary artery reported. Chronic hematological problems thrombotic endothelialitis hypercoagulability described conditions could increase risk clotting disorders coagulopathy in patients. Chest pain, breathlessness, cough respiratory long-COVID causing distress syndrome. observed immune notable, involving diseases. renal was impacted, resulted raising issues, fibrosis, sepsis. Endocrine gland malfunction can lead to diabetes, thyroiditis, male infertility. Symptoms diarrhea, nausea, loss appetite, taste among reported observations due gastrointestinal disorders. Skin abnormalities might be an indication long-term implications persistent cutaneous complaints linked PASC. Conclusions: Long-COVID multidimensional syndrome considerable public implications, affecting physiological systems demanding thorough medical therapy, more study address underlying causes effects needed.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A Narrative Review

British Journal of Biomedical Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 79

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2022

The World Health Organisation has reported that the viral disease known as COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is leading cause of death a single infectious agent. This narrative review examines certain components pandemic: its origins, early clinical data, global and UK-focussed epidemiology, vaccination, variants, long COVID.

Язык: Английский

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Potential mechanisms of vaccine-induced thrombosis

European Journal of Internal Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 105, С. 1 - 7

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Current knowledge of thrombocytopenia in sepsis and COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

Thrombocytopenia, characterized by a decrease in platelet count, is commonly observed sepsis and COVID-19. In sepsis, thrombocytopenia can result from various mechanisms, including impaired production the bone marrow, accelerated destruction due to increased inflammation, sequestration of platelets spleen, immune-mediated destruction, or dysregulated host responses. Similarly, has been reported COVID-19 patients, but immune-related mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Notably, interventions targeting have shown potential for improving outcomes both patients. Understanding these crucial developing effective treatments.

Язык: Английский

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The APSANTICO Study: A Prospective Observational Study to Evaluate Antiphospholipid Antibody Profiles in Patients with Thromboembolic Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) after COVID-19 Infection and/or Vaccination

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(6), С. 5644 - 5644

Опубликована: Март 15, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new virus discovered in December 2019 that causes disease 19 (COVID-19) and various vaccinations have been developed. The extent to which COVID-19 infections and/or alter antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) patients with thromboembolic (APS) remains unclear. Eighty-two confirmed APS were included this prospective non-interventional trial. Blood parameters including lupus anticoagulants, anticardiolipin IgG- IgM-antibodies, anti-ß2-glycoprotein I IgM-antibodies assessed prior after vaccination infection. No increases aPL the total study population detected. In fact, low but significant decreases observed for anti-β2-glycoprotein IgG-antibodies, while IgM- anti-b2-glycoprotein slightly increased only infection vaccination. Although investigated patient group known high risk of recurrent thrombosis, one arterial thrombotic event was diagnosed (1.2%, 1/82). This recurrence rate probably due rates effective anticoagulation. Our data show do not deteriorate clinical course anticoagulated patients.

Язык: Английский

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Viral sepsis: diagnosis, clinical features, pathogenesis, and clinical considerations

Military Medical Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2024

Abstract Sepsis, characterized as life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from dysregulated host responses to infection, remains a significant challenge in clinical practice. Despite advancements understanding host-bacterial interactions, molecular responses, and therapeutic approaches, the mortality rate associated with sepsis has consistently ranged between 10 16%. This elevated highlights critical gaps our comprehension of etiology. Traditionally linked bacterial fungal pathogens, recent outbreaks acute viral infections, including Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), influenza virus, severe 2 (SARS-CoV-2), among other regional epidemics, have underscored role pathogenesis sepsis, particularly when critically ill patients exhibit classic symptoms indicative sepsis. However, many cases viral-induced are frequently underdiagnosed because standard evaluations typically exclude panels. Moreover, these viruses not only activate conventional pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like (RLRs) but also initiate primary antiviral pathways such cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine (GMP-AMP) synthase (cGAS)-stimulator interferon genes (STING) signaling response mechanisms. Such activations lead cellular stress, metabolic disturbances, extensive cell damage that exacerbate tissue injury while leading spectrum manifestations. complexity poses substantial challenges for management affected cases. In this review, we elucidate definition diagnosis criteria synthesizing current knowledge regarding its etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, mechanisms involved therein well their impact on immune-mediated damage. Additionally, discuss considerations related both existing therapies advanced treatment interventions, aiming enhance comprehensive surrounding

Язык: Английский

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