Postbiotics—A Step Beyond Pre- and Probiotics

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(8), С. 2189 - 2189

Опубликована: Июль 23, 2020

As an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota can lead to development of several diseases (e.g., type 1 diabetes, cancer, among others), use prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics alter gut microbiome has attracted recent interest. Postbiotics include any substance released by or produced through metabolic activity microorganism, which exerts a beneficial effect on host, directly indirectly. do not contain live microorganisms, risks associated with their intake are minimized. Here, we provided critical review described literature, including mechanisms action, clinical characteristics, potential therapeutic applications. We detailed pleiotropic effects postbiotics, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer properties. Although is attractive strategy for altering microbiome, further study into its efficacy safety warranted.

Язык: Английский

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The Gut Microbiota at the Service of Immunometabolism

Cell Metabolism, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 32(4), С. 514 - 523

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Enteroendocrine cells sense bacterial tryptophan catabolites to activate enteric and vagal neuronal pathways

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 29(2), С. 179 - 196.e9

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota medicine: towards clinical revolution

Journal of Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Март 7, 2022

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by the largest microbial community within body consisting of trillions microbes called gut microbiota. normal flora site many physiological functions such as enhancing host immunity, participating in nutrient absorption and protecting against pathogenic microorganisms. Numerous investigations showed a bidirectional interplay between microbiota organs intestines, lungs, brain, skin. Large evidence demonstrated, more than decade ago, that alteration key factor pathogenesis local systemic disorders. In this regard, deep understanding mechanisms involved symbiosis/dysbiosis crucial for clinical health field. We review most recent studies on involvement diseases. also elaborate different strategies used to manipulate prevention treatment future medicine strongly related quality our Targeting dysbiosis will be huge challenge.

Язык: Английский

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Postbiotics: Current Trends in Food and Pharmaceutical Industry

Foods, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(19), С. 3094 - 3094

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2022

Postbiotics are non-viable bacterial products or metabolic byproducts produced by probiotic microorganisms that have biologic activity in the host. functional bioactive compounds, generated a matrix during anaerobic fermentation of organic nutrients like prebiotics, for generation energy form adenosine triphosphate. The this sequence called postbiotics, these low molecular weight soluble compounds either secreted live microflora released after microbial cell lysis. A few examples widely studied postbiotics short-chain fatty acids, fragments, extracellular polysaccharides, lysates, teichoic acid, vitamins, etc. Presently, prebiotics and probiotics on market; however, also gaining great deal attention. numerous health advantages postbiotic components may soon lead to an increase consumer demand supplements. most recent research aspects food pharmaceutical industries included review. review encompasses brief introduction, classification, production technologies, characterization, biological activities, potential applications postbiotics.

Язык: Английский

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New Insights Into Gut-Bacteria-Derived Indole and Its Derivatives in Intestinal and Liver Diseases

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2021

The interaction between host and microorganism widely affects the immune metabolic status. Indole its derivatives are metabolites produced by metabolism of tryptophan catalyzed intestinal microorganisms. By activating nuclear receptors, regulating hormones, affecting biological effects bacteria as signaling molecules, indole maintain homeostasis impact liver response, which shows good therapeutic prospects. We reviewed recent studies on derivatives, including related metabolism, influence diets commensal bacteria, targets mechanisms in pathological conditions, especially progress strategies. New research insights into indoles will facilitate a better understanding their druggability application diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota bridges dietary nutrients and host immunity

Science China Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 66(11), С. 2466 - 2514

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Intestinal epithelial cell metabolism at the interface of microbial dysbiosis and tissue injury

Mucosal Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(4), С. 595 - 604

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2022

The intestinal epithelium represents the most regenerative tissue in human body, located proximity to dense and functionally diverse microbial milieu of microbiome. Episodes injury incomplete healing are a prerequisite for immune reactivation account recurrent, chronically progressing phenotypes inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Mitochondrial dysfunction associated changes epithelial functions emerging concepts pathogenesis IBD, suggesting impaired metabolic flexibility cells affects capacity tissue. Next rendering mucosa susceptible triggers, reprogramming is implicated shaping adverse environments. In this review, we introduce concept “metabolic injury” as cell autonomous mechanism wounding response mitochondrial perturbation. Furthermore, highlight metabolism intersection microbiome, regeneration.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 149, С. 112839 - 112839

Опубликована: Март 21, 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most risk factors threatening human health. Although genetic and environmental contribute to development T2DM, gut microbiota has also been found be involved. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites are a key factor in host-microbe crosstalk, have revealed play central role physiology physiopathology T2DM. In this review, we provide timely comprehensive summary microbial that protective or causative for including some amino acids-derived metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, bile acids. The mechanisms by which affect T2DM elaborated. Knowing more about these processes will increase our understanding causal relationship between Moreover, frontier therapies target microbes their improve dietary intervention, fecal transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics synbiotics drugging metabolism, critically discussed. This review may novel insights targeted personalized treatments based on metabolites. More high-quality clinical trials needed accelerate translation gut-targeted

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota-derived tryptamine and phenethylamine impair insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2023

The incidence of metabolic syndrome is significantly higher in patients with irritable bowel (IBS), but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Gut microbiota causatively linked development both dysfunctions and gastrointestinal disorders, thus gut dysbiosis IBS may contribute to syndrome. Here, we show that human bacterium Ruminococcus gnavus-derived tryptamine phenethylamine play a pathogenic role dysbiosis-induced insulin resistance type 2 diabetes (T2D) IBS. We levels R. gnavus, tryptamine, are positively associated T2D patients. Monoassociation gnavus impairs sensitivity glucose control germ-free mice. Mechanistically, treatment metabolites directly impair signaling major tissues healthy mice monkeys this effect mediated by trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) axis. Our findings suggest causal for tryptamine/phenethylamine-producers resistance, provide molecular increased prevalence IBS, highlight TAAR1 axis as potential therapeutic target management induced dysbiosis.

Язык: Английский

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