Mirror neurons 30 years later: implications and applications

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 26(9), С. 767 - 781

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Two ‘what’ pathways for action and object recognition

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 26(2), С. 103 - 116

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2021

Object recognition draws on a ventral what pathway. Is there also pathway for action recognition? Recent neuroimaging findings suggest that critical stages of draw in lateral occipitotemporal cortex.This is organized along two main dimensions: posterior–anterior gradient from perceptual precursors to conceptual representations and dorsal–ventral distinction segregates animate inanimate aspects. This organization mirrors the domain-specific object pathway.We propose cortex subdivides into pathways recognition. view explains several observed phenomena functional thereby extends concretizes previous conceptions visual cortex. The stream conceived as However, we recognize actions an can be involved in. Here, show critically depends cortex, partially overlapping topographically aligned with are By contrast, features more relevant recognition, such color texture, typically found We argue contains similarly 'what' respectively. account number phenomena, duplication domains specific representational profiles stream, specifically (VOTC) (see Glossary), has been conceptualized objects [1.Ungerleider L.G. Mishkin M. Two cortical systems.in: Ingle D.J. Analysis Visual Behavior. MIT Press, 1982Google Scholar,2.Goodale M.A. Milner A.D. Separate perception action.Trends Neurosci. 1992; 15: 20-25Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (4027) Google Scholar] (e.g., scissors, my grandmother, or Eiffel Tower). Broadly, orthogonal axes: mediating transformation general, [3.Weiner K.S. et al.The cytoarchitecture regions human high-level cortex.Cereb. Cortex. 2017; 27: 146-161Crossref (42) medial–lateral specialization different, evolutionarily salient knowledge [4.Konkle T. Caramazza A. Tripartite by animacy size.J. 2013; 33: 10235-10242Crossref (117) Scholar,5.Chao L.L. al.Attribute-based neural substrates temporal perceiving knowing about objects.Nat. 1999; 2: 913-919Crossref (943) categories like faces, body parts, tools, places [5.Chao Scholar, 6.Bracci S. Peelen M.V. Body effectors: reflects body-object interactions.J. 18247-18258Crossref (0) 7.Epstein R.A. Baker C.I. Scene brain.Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci. 2019; 5: 373-397Crossref (11) Scholar]. categorical thought driven connectivity different downstream regions, example, networks social cognition, manipulation, navigation [8.Mahon B.Z. What drives brain?.Trends Cogn. 2011; 97-103Abstract (211) Scholar,9.Peelen Downing P.E. Category selectivity cortex: beyond recognition.Neuropsychologia. 105: 177-183Crossref (30) do not only (what it?) but it doing?; e.g., cutting, running, greeting). Recognizing (and perhaps unintentional events, colliding slipping) plays key role guiding our behavior, provides basis inferring others' plans desires, reacting appropriately, learning. Hence, seems plausible evolutionary pressures led development circuits specialized use approach address following questions: Which parts brain form Do similar organizational principles apply objects? Since usually builds objects, constrained properties agents, instruments, recipients actions, how fruits) eating) relate each other? To these questions, focus aspects capture for; effect opening means bring something open state), leave aside other kinds knowledge, related production (how perform certain action, hand foot) hidden motivations reasons (why performed, drinking quench thirst), which may rely complementary systems. While network occipitotemporal, parietal, frontal recent proposals emphasized (LOTC) representing various action-related tools their movements, verbs, higher-level semantic [10.Lingnau 2015; 19: 268-277Abstract (124) 11.Leshinskaya al.Concepts objects.in: Gazzaniga Cognitive Neurosciences. 2020: 757-765Google 12.Weiner Grill-Spector K. Neural faces limbs neighbor evidence new principle.Psychol. Res. 77: 74-97Crossref LOTC located appears structurally separate traditional dorsal [12.Weiner 13.Pitcher D. Ungerleider Evidence third perception.Trends 2021; 25: 100-110Abstract (28) 14.Boussaoud al.Pathways motion analysis: connections medial superior fundus areas macaque.J. Comp. Neurol. 1990; 296: 462-495Crossref (508) 15.Haak K.V. Beckmann C.F. Objective analysis topological connectome suggests three pathways.Cortex. 2018; 98: 73-83Crossref (20) In following, build foundations integrate roles proposed this pointing toward hierarchy original conception extended LOTC. According view, OTC subserve functions, subordinate specializations interpretation dissociation response preferences disproportionally color, respectively) important both objects). Action associated activation consisting parietal Scholar,16.Oosterhof N.N. al.Crossmodal action-specific: mirror neuron system.Trends 17: 311-318Abstract Scholar,17.Orban G.A. al.From Observed Identity Social Affordances.Trends 493-505Abstract recognizing cutting apple) includes (apple, knife, hands), straightforward processes details movements whereas encoded anteriorly dorsally frontoparietal taken support allow alternative interpretations [16.Oosterhof Scholar,18.Caramazza al.Embodied cognition neurons: assessment.Annu. 2014; 37: 1-15Crossref (143) Scholar], – particular those based performance damaged individuals [19.Tarhan L.Y. al.Shared distinct neuroanatomic tool-related recognition: 131 left-hemisphere stroke patients.J. 2491-2511Crossref (48) Scholar,20.Vannuscorps G. al.Persistent sparing processing spite increasing disorders production: case against motor embodiment concepts.Cogn. Neuropsychol. 2016; 191-219Crossref (9) provide counterevidence (but see [21.Urgesi C. al.Neuroanatomical understanding: anatomic likelihood estimation meta-analysis lesion-symptom mapping studies injured patients.Front. Hum. 8: 344Crossref (87) Scholar]). Instead reviewing arguments resulting large work, section aimed at characterizing regard representation, is, 'cardinal stage' captures core meaning action. then stage anchor point move posteriorly characterize basic, levels representation. represent level? define criteria seem necessary sufficient isolation): (i) concept opening) should generalize across exemplars bottle box); (ii) input modalities stimulus formats, respond observation verbal description action; (iii) similarity follow Box 1 further details). advances neuroimaging, multivariate pattern (MVPA) (RSA), identifying meet criteria. fMRI using approaches revealed exemplar–general anterior posterior inferior lobe (IPL). variants differing terms involved, bottles, boxes, doors, trash bins [22.Vannuscorps al.Large-scale born without hands.Cereb. 29: 3434-3444Crossref (10) 23.Wurm M.F. al.Decoding concrete abstract during explicit implicit processing.Cereb. 26: 3390-3401Crossref (33) 24.Wurm al.Action sociality transitivity.J. 562-575Crossref 25.Wurm Lingnau Decoding abstraction.J. 35: 7727-7735Crossref (80) [25.Wurm needed manipulate objects. Frontal premotor mostly discrimination differ conceptually [26.Hafri al.Neural static dynamic input.J. 3056-3071Crossref (17) [24.Wurm suggesting encode effector- movement-related rather than information. Modality–general representations, accessible via written descriptions, were fMRI-based crossdecoding left [27.Wurm Distinct vision language.Nat. Commun. 10: 289Crossref (24) same study, RSA modality–general predicted models aspects: whether directed persons not, complex relations. finding line investigating actions: Person directedness (also labeled transitivity, patterns Scholar,28.Tarhan L. Konkle Sociality interaction envelope organize representations.Nat. 11: 3002Crossref latter VOTC sensitive person actions. dimensions when factors covary directedness, reaching/grasping presence explicitly modeled thus controlled [29.Wurm Lateral encodes components sociality.Neuroimage. 202116153Crossref (3) Scholar,30.Tucciarelli R. space actions.eLife. 8e47686Crossref These primarily represented LOTC, stimulus-specific It nonetheless possible detected current methods. For single-cell recordings humans have that, videos verbs [31.Aflalo al.A shared substrate cortex.Sci. Adv. 2020; 6eabb3984Crossref profile study best explained model captured aspects, representation [32.Lanzilotto al.Stable readout format-dependent activity monkey's intraparietal neurons.Proc. Natl. Acad. U. 117: 16596-16605Crossref Scholar]) (Box 2 roles).Box 1Localizing brainNeural concepts fulfil An instantiations type (Figure IA, left). Note criterion stricter viewpoint movement invariance; observing viewpoints outcome achieved movements. Representations could viewpoint-invariant trajectories shape. Exemplar–general identified training classifier distinguish closing bottles) testing its ability boxes). modalities; language middle). Modality-general discriminate accuracy corresponding sentences. reflect concept-irrelevant right). Among dimensions, here refer defining action's meaning. hitting (forceful) contact another fact carried out foot hand, narrower meanings 'how' Using RSA, similarities between compared capture, involve manipulable designed localize reveal converging IB).Box 2The recognitionThe IPL, activated presented argues addition, accumulating sensorimotor strictly [18.Caramazza Scholar,111.Thompson E.L. al.Conceptualizing understanding.Neurosci. Biobehav. 106-114Crossref (14) 112.Vannuscorps Typical simulation.Proc. 113: 86-91Crossref (52) 113.Hickok Myth Mirror Neurons: Real Neuroscience Communication Cognition. W.W. Norton, 2014Google 114.Heyes Catmur happened neurons?.Perspect. Psychol. (Published online July 9, 2021)https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691621990638Crossref representation? Various tool grasped manipulated proper [104.Goldenberg Spatt J. use.Brain. 2009; 132: 1645-1655Crossref (222) Scholar,115.Buxbaum L.J. Kalenine visuomotor activation, systems.Ann. N. Y. 2010; 1191: 201-218Crossref kinematics [111.Thompson Besides 'why' motives underlying goals, intentions. inferred might IPL [116.Leshinskaya Nonmotor concepts.J. 2863-2879Crossref (7) mentalizing temporoparietal junction STS [117.Spunt R.P. Lieberman M.D. Dissociating modality-specific supramodal systems understanding.J. 2012; 32: 3575-3583Crossref Scholar,118.Thornton Mitchell J.P. Theories predict mentalizing.Cereb. 28: 3505-3520Crossref (25) Additionally, likely providing supportive functions working memory [119.Vannuscorps Impaired short-term postures hands.Cortex. 83: 136-138Crossref (6) visuospatial attentional relative proposal, play 'social affordances' integrating effects (originating LOTC) potential selection behavioral reactions [17.Orban Finally, activating service learning imitation [113.Hickok anticipating future events recognized [120.Wurm al.Predicting goals episodes attenuates BOLD cortex.Behav. Brain 274: 108-117Crossref (16) Some mechanical reasoning, particularly unfamiliar novel [11.Leshinskaya Scholar,104.Goldenberg Related point, understanding entities scene causally impact perceptually invariant level independent identity. kind explain exemplar-general, modality-general decoding Scholar,27.Wurm

Язык: Английский

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M1 Large-scale Network Dynamics Support Human Motor Resonance and Its Plastic Reshaping

NeuroImage, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 308, С. 121082 - 121082

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2025

Motor resonance - the facilitation of corticospinal excitability during action observation is considered a proxy Action Observation Network (AON) recruitment in humans, with profound implications for social cognition and understanding. Despite extensive research, neural underpinnings supporting motor emergence rewriting remain unexplored. In this study, we investigated role sensorimotor associative learning mechanisms underlying phenomenon. To aim, applied cross-systems paired stimulation (PAS) to induce novel visuomotor associations human brain. This protocol, which repeatedly pairs transcranial magnetic (TMS) pulses over primary cortex (M1) visual stimuli actions, drives an atypical, PAS-conditioned response. Using TMS electroencephalography (EEG) co-registration observation, tracked M1 functional connectivity profile process map inter-areal profiles associated typical PAS-induced phenomena. Besides confirming, at level, newly acquired responses cost ones after PAS administration, our results reveal dissociable aspects interregional communication. On one side, effects through lifespan are prominent alpha-band reduced beta-band connectivity, might facilitate output while integrating information. Conversely, atypical linked cortical modulations, only partially overlapping communication patterns related mirroring responses. evidence suggests that beta-phase synchronization may be critical mechanism formation by coordinating activity regions also involves top-down control frontal areas. These findings provide new insights into dynamics (typical acquired) resonance, highlighting large-scale within AON.

Язык: Английский

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A computational neuroethology perspective on body and expression perception

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 25(9), С. 744 - 756

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2021

Body and expression perception may be sustained by midlevel feature computations rather than body category-selective processes.Body coding in the brain organized statistics of posture movements natural language semantic categories.Midlevel features at stake biological exploit ethological characteristics organism–environment interactions.Midlevel processing on its own sustain rapid action preparation, not require or depend high-order category.Feelings can associated with precursors to conscious emotional states because they are an intermediate layer between unconscious processes fully formed states. Survival prompts organisms prepare adaptive behavior response environmental social threat. However, what specific appearance a conspecific that trigger such behaviors? For species, prime candidates for triggering defense systems visual face body. We propose novel approach studying ability gather survival-relevant information from seeing features. Specifically, we behaviorally relevant bodies expressions is coded levels brain. These relatively independent higher-order cognitive emotions. Instead, our embedded framework mobilizes computational models discovery. Human nonhuman primates experts gathering crucial survival movement perception. Social threat situations reactions them among most studied [1.Roelofs K. Freeze action: neurobiological mechanisms animal human freezing.Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B. 2017; 372: 20160206Crossref PubMed Scopus (5) Google Scholar,2.Terburg D. et al.The basolateral amygdala essential escape: rodent study.Cell. 2018; 175: 723-735Abstract Full Text PDF (47) Scholar]. it specifically about triggers behavior? In intuitive thinking question, typically retrieve one another salient characteristic as head orientation, position arms, overall velocity [3.Poyo Solanas M. role subjective expressions.Sci. Rep. 2020; 10: 6202Crossref (1) So far, very few studies have objectively measured which understanding expressive postures movements, even fewer looked their possible correlates. To understand why this needed, must frame context current research basis Most followed tracks adopting theoretical object category (see Glossary)-selective areas [4.Kanwisher N. Domain specificity perception.Nat. Neurosci. 2000; 3: 759-763Crossref (636) Scholar] top level hierarchical model [5.Bruce V. Young A. Understanding recognition.Br. J. Psychol. 1986; 77: 305-327Crossref Scholar,6.Haxby J.V. distributed neural system perception.Trends Cogn. Sci. 4: 223-233Abstract (3117) framework, emotion dependent successful sketch here different centered notion high-level representation gateway subsequent decoding, but (Figure 1). Midlevel classical low-level (e.g., edges, spatial frequency, motion direction) [7.Giese M.A. Poggio T. Neural recognition movements.Nat. Rev. 2003; 179-192Crossref (625) well intuitively notice believe act upon (i.e., categories emotions, actions, intentions) [8.Grill-Spector Weiner K.S. The functional architecture ventral temporal cortex categorization.Nat. 2014; 15: 536-548Crossref (307) Some examples derived analysis limb contraction Scholar,9.Poyo al.Computation-based brain.Cereb. Cortex. 30: 6376-6390Crossref (0) Scholar], hand distance [10.Zhan al.Subjective actions emotions involves interplay observation networks brain.BioRxiv. 2021; (Published online April 15, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.15.439961)PubMed Recent identified correlates agentic [11.Haxby al.Naturalistic stimuli reveal dominant representation.NeuroImage. 216: 116561Crossref (4) animacy [12.Thorat S. nature organization cortex.eLife. 2019; 8e47142Crossref sociality [13.Tarhan L. Konkle Sociality interaction envelope organize representations.Nat. Commun. 11: 3002Crossref concepts used validated perception, turn out reduce to, emerge from, computations. goal provide characterization whole-body naturalistic contexts. Notions maps [14.Graziano M.S. Ethological maps: paradigm shift motor cortex.Trends 2016; 20: 121-132Abstract (75) domains [15.Kaas J.H. al.Cortical ethologically behaviors primates.Am. Primatol. 2013; 75: 407-414Crossref already proved useful characterizing domain, has been proposed low- representations [16.Wurm M.F. Lingnau Decoding abstraction.J. 2015; 35: 7727-7735Crossref (80) Systematic discovery needs combined methods counter, hand, naïve observer bias and, other, dimensionality explosion unconstrained networks. Studies consistently described [17.Downing P.E. al.A cortical area selective body.Science. 2001; 293: 2470-2473Crossref (1281) Scholar,18.Peelen M.V. Downing Selectivity fusiform gyrus.J. Neurophysiol. 2005; 93: 603-608Crossref (420) patches monkey [19.Pinsk al.Representations faces parts macaque cortex: MRI study.PNAS. 102: 6996-7001Crossref images. humans, originally later two were reported: extrastriate (EBA) middle occipital gyrus/middle gyrus Scholar,20.van de Riet W.A. al.Specific common regions involved expressions.Soc. 2009; 101-120Crossref (83) (FBA) [18.Peelen Scholar,21.Hadjikhani Gelder Seeing fearful activates amygdala.Curr. Biol. 13: 2201-2205Abstract (208) respective roles EBA FBA still understood. It suggested more whereas biased towards images [22.Taylor J.C. al.Functional part areas.J. 2007; 98: 1626-1633Crossref (185) More recent evidence indicates also encode details pertaining shape, posture, [23.Downing Peelen occipitotemporal body-selective person perception.Cogn. 2011; 2: 186-203Crossref (112) lack clarity concerning functions related anatomical complexity. example, there substantial overlap complex (hMT+), makes difficult determine actual involvement former [24.Ross P.D. form dissociable pathways.Front. 5: 767Crossref (3) Scholar,25.Vangeneugden al.Distinct discriminations.J. 34: 574-585Crossref addition, single area, illustrated landmarks, field maps, stimulus comparisons [26.Weiner Grill-Spector Not area: using hMT+, parcellate limb-selective activations lateral cortex.NeuroImage. 56: 2183-2199Crossref Although clearly supports [21.Hadjikhani Scholar,27.Grèzes al.Perceiving fear dynamic expressions.NeuroImage. 959-967Crossref Scholar,28.Pichon al.Threat defensive responses independently attentional control.Cereb. 2012; 22: 274-285Crossref clear whether important recognition, depending emotion. shown modulates activity FBA, although no difference found other [29.Peelen al.Emotional modulation areas.Soc. Affect. 274-283Crossref Emotion-specific differences connectivity patterns 2C ). Interestingly, along these lines, fact seems sensitive sense point view interface perceptual [30.Zimmermann al.Is dorsal visuomotor stream?.Brain Struct. Funct. 223: 31-46Crossref addition areas, first magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed 2) [27.Grèzes Scholar,31.de al.Fear fosters flight: mechanism contagion when perceiving expressed whole body.PNAS. 2004; 101: 16701-16706Crossref Scholar,32.Goldberg H. emotion–action link? Naturalistic preferentially activate stream.NeuroImage. 84: 254-264Crossref network shows increased threatening neutral Scholar,33.Pichon al.Two Comparing recognizing anger 47: 1873-1883Crossref (115) system, responsible plays role, especially case [31.de Scholar,34.Borgomaneri al.Early changes corticospinal excitability 14122Crossref (20) Scholar, 35.Hortensius al.When dominates mind: threat.Psychophysiology. 53: 1307-1316Crossref (14) 36.Meeren H.K.M. preferential right stream – MEG study.Sci. 6: 24831Crossref (16) 37.Borgomaneri al.Behavioral inhibition sensitivity enhances suppression watching expressions.Brain 222: 3267-3282Crossref do subcortical [9.Poyo Scholar,38.Utter A.A. Basso basal ganglia: overview circuits function.Neurosci. Biobehav. 2008; 32: 333-342Crossref (119) cerebellum [39.Sokolov al.Brain signaling absence language.PNAS. 117: 20868-20873Crossref A pathway pulvinar, superior colliculus, interacts support reflexes withdrawal, freezing, startle) [40.de Towards neurobiology language.Nat. 2006; 7: 242-249Crossref (460) Scholar,41.Dean P. al.Event emergency? Two mammalian colliculus.Trends 1989; 12: 137-147Abstract (397) does so [28.Pichon particular, supporting pivotal assignment affective value incoming stimuli, preparation behaviors, modulating attentional, perceptual, [42.Emery N.J. Amaral D.G. primate cognition.in: Lane R.D. Nadel Cognitive Neurocience Emotion. Oxford University Press, 2000: 156-191Google over decade, implicitly assumed constitute various attributes, same way Scholar,43.Shallice From Neuropsychology Mental Structure. Cambridge 1988Crossref 44.Kanwisher Yovel G. region specialized faces.Philos. 361: 2109-2128Crossref 45.Kanwisher module perception.J. 1997; 17: 4302-4311Crossref 46.Peelen 8: 636-648Crossref With gradual category-based models, encapsulated loosened. Certainly, available equally outside [32.Goldberg Scholar,40.de attributed needed all open question. Functional assume represent [47.Van Essen D.C. Maunsell Hierarchical streams 1983; 370-375Abstract (523) Scholar,48.Josephs E.L. Large-scale dissociations views objects, scenes, reachable-scale environments cortex.PNAS. 29354-29362Crossref stable, task detection, and/or attribute identification, passive viewing, explicit recognition) attributes emotion, gender) Scholar,49.Kanwisher quest FFA where led.J. 37: 1056-1061Crossref (42) growing showing factors significantly impact including (Box attention-related increases preferred during search tasks [50.Çukur al.Attention vision warps across brain.Nat. 16: 763-770Crossref (184) Scholar,51.Peelen al.Neural scene categorization cortex.Nature. 460: 94-97Crossref Scholar].Box 1A areasHierarchical each elaborates previous [48.Josephs task-related gender). some reported variability how represented indicating abstract, static, high-level, conceptual often assumed. facial known that, identical type influences active vs observation, orthogonal task) [116.Gur R.C. activation processing.NeuroImage. 2002; 651-662Crossref (256) 117.Habel U. al.Amygdala expressions: discrimination versus implicit processing.Neuropsychologia. 45: 2369-2377Crossref (110) 118.Hariri A.R. al.Neocortical stimuli.Biol. Psychiatry. 494-501Abstract (615) 119.Winston al.Common distinct direct incidental multiple emotions.NeuroImage. 84-97Crossref (297) There similar findings effects literature. emotion-naming compared color-naming Using multivariate pattern decoded high accuracy [120.Marrazzo dynamics visual, prefrontal parietal cortex.BioRxiv. July 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.14.202515)Google Similar strong task-driven electroencephalography (EEG) [121.Jessen Kotz S.A. vocal, facial, bodily 58: 665-674Crossref (89) Scholar].Substantial variations linked attention awareness. Along modulate processes, observed example differential saccades [122.Milders al.Detection modulated direction eye gaze.Emotion. 1456Crossref (38) hemispatial neglect patients, contralesional presentation overcomes deficits [123.Tamietto al.Once you feel it, see it: insula sensory-motor contribution awareness neglect.Cortex. 62: 56-72Crossref intact brain, consciously, opposed non-consciously, viewed major frontoparietal [61.Zhan al.Ventral pathways relate differently under continuous flash suppression.eNeuro. 5 (ENEURO.0285-17.2017)Crossref Scholar,124.de influence short review.Front. Integr. 54Crossref Scholar,125.Zhan tool angry awareness.PLoS One. 10e0139768Crossref without EBA, patients full bilateral lesion [126.Van den Stock al.Body patient primary lesions.Biol. e31-e33Abstract This category-specific receive input through V1-independent 2). shape sufficient drive responses, know partial feature-based image non-conscious percept. Substantial

Язык: Английский

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Two what, two where, visual cortical streams in humans

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 160, С. 105650 - 105650

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2024

ROLLS, E. T. Two What, Where, Visual Cortical Streams in Humans. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 2024. Recent cortical connectivity investigations lead to new concepts about 'What' and 'Where' visual streams humans, how they connect other systems. A ventrolateral stream leads the inferior temporal cortex for object face identity, provides information hippocampal episodic memory system, anterior lobe semantic orbitofrontal emotion system. superior sulcus (STS) utilising from parietal responds moving objects faces, expression, connects social behaviour. ventromedial builds feature combinations scenes, inputs via parahippocampal scene area system that are also useful landmark-based navigation. The dorsal pathway actions space, but coordinate transforms provide self-motion update of locations scenes dark or when view is obscured.

Язык: Английский

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Action Understanding

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024

The human ability to effortlessly understand the actions of other people has been focus research in cognitive neuroscience for decades. What have we learned about this ability, and what open questions remain? In Element authors address these by considering kinds information an observer may gain when viewing action. A 'what, how, why' framing organises evidence theories representations that support classifying action; how way action is performed supports observational learning inferences people; actor's intentions are inferred from her actions. Further shows brain systems understanding, inspired 'mirror neurons' related concepts. Understanding vision a multi-faceted process serves many behavioural goals, served diverse mechanisms systems.

Язык: Английский

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Learning to fear novel stimuli by observing others in the social affordance framework

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 106006 - 106006

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Local and system mechanisms for action execution and observation in parietal and premotor cortices

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 31(13), С. 2819 - 2830.e4

Опубликована: Май 12, 2021

The action observation network (AON) includes a system of brain areas largely shared with execution in both human and nonhuman primates. Yet temporal tuning specificities distinct physiologically identified neuronal classes the encoding self others' remain unknown. We recorded activity 355 single units from three crucial nodes AON, anterior intraparietal area (AIP), premotor F5 F6, while monkeys performed Go/No-Go grasping task observed an experimenter performing it. At level, during execution, F6 displays prevalence suppressed neurons signals whether has to be performed, whereas AIP share facilitated remarkable target selectivity; observation, stands out for its unique stronger earlier modulation than F6. By applying unsupervised clustering spike waveforms, we found cell unevenly distributed across areas, different firing properties carrying specific visuomotor signals. Broadly spiking exhibited balanced amount narrower showed more mutually responses one's own action, particularly F5. Our findings elucidate time course AON level anatomically local classes.

Язык: Английский

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Parietal maps of visual signals for bodily action planning

Brain Structure and Function, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 226(9), С. 2967 - 2988

Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2021

Abstract The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has long been understood as a high-level integrative station for computing motor commands the body based on sensory (i.e., mostly tactile and visual) input from outside world. In last decade, accumulating evidence shown that areas not only extract pragmatic features of manipulable objects, but also subserve sensorimotor processing others’ actions. A paradigmatic case is anterior intraparietal area (AIP), which encodes identity observed manipulative actions afford potential observer could perform in response to them. On these bases, we propose an AIP action-based template general planning functions PPC review existing supporting extension this model other regions wider set actions: defensive locomotor our model, hallmark functioning information about physical social world encode bodily appropriate current context. We further extend performed with man-made objects (e.g., tools) artifacts, because they become integral parts subject’s schema repertoire. Finally, conclude supports generally conserved neural circuitry transforms integrated signals into variety primates are capable preparing performing interact their

Язык: Английский

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The mirror mechanism: linking perception and social interaction

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(3), С. 220 - 221

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2023

Язык: Английский

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