Domain-general cognitive motivation: Evidence from economic decision-making – Final Registered Report DOI Creative Commons
Jennifer L. Crawford, Sarah A. Eisenstein, Jonathan E. Peelle

и другие.

Cognitive Research Principles and Implications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Март 18, 2022

Abstract Stable individual differences in cognitive motivation (i.e., the tendency to engage and enjoy effortful activities) have been documented with self-report measures, yet convergent support for a trait-level construct is still lacking. In present study, we used an innovative decision-making paradigm (COG-ED) quantify costs of effort, metric motivation, across two distinct domains: working memory (an N -back task) speech comprehension (understanding spoken sentences background noise). We hypothesized that operates similarly within individuals, regardless domain. Specifically, 104 adults aged 18–40 years, tested whether effort are stable domains, even after controlling other potential sources shared variation. Conversely, evaluated domains may be better explained terms relevant personality-related constructs, such as capacity or reward sensitivity. confirmed reliable association among both when these variation, well task load, statistically controlled. Taken together, results add variation impacting effort-based decision making multiple domains.

Язык: Английский

Ethological computational psychiatry: Challenges and opportunities DOI Creative Commons
Ilya E. Monosov, Jan Zimmermann, Michael J. Frank

и другие.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 86, С. 102881 - 102881

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Studying the intricacies of individual subjects' moods and cognitive processing over extended periods time presents a formidable challenge in medicine. While much systems neuroscience appropriately focuses on link between neural circuit functions well-constrained behaviors short timescales (e.g., trials, hours), many mental health conditions involve complex interactions mood cognition that are non-stationary across behavioral contexts evolve timescales. Here, we discuss opportunities, challenges, possible future directions computational psychiatry to quantify continuously monitored behaviors. We suggest this exploratory effort may contribute more precision-based approach treating disorders facilitate robust reverse translation animal species. conclude with ethical considerations for any field aims bridge artificial intelligence patient monitoring.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

5
Subthalamic control of impulsive actions: insights from deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease DOI Creative Commons
Damian M. Herz, Michael J. Frank, Huiling Tan

и другие.

Brain, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 147(11), С. 3651 - 3664

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024

Abstract Control of actions allows adaptive, goal-directed behaviour. The basal ganglia, including the subthalamic nucleus, are thought to play a central role in dynamically controlling through recurrent negative feedback loops with cerebral cortex. Here, we summarize recent translational studies that used deep brain stimulation record neural activity from and apply electrical nucleus people Parkinson’s disease. These have elucidated spatial, spectral temporal features mechanisms underlying controlled delay cortico-subthalamic networks demonstrated their causal effects on behaviour distinct processing windows. While these been conceptualized as control signals for suppressing impulsive response tendencies conflict tasks decision threshold adjustments value-based perceptual decisions, propose common framework linking decision-making, cognition movement. Within this framework, can lead suboptimal choices by reducing time patients take deliberation before committing an action. However, clinical consistently shown occurrence impulse disorders is reduced, not increased, after surgery. This apparent contradiction be reconciled when recognizing multifaceted nature impulsivity, its modulation treatment. renders susceptible making decisions without proper forethought, disentangled related dopamine comprising sensitivity benefits versus costs, reward aversion learning outcomes. Alterations dopamine-mediated underlie development relatively spared reduced dopaminergic medication stimulation. Together, results using experimental tool improved our understanding action human important implications treatment neurological disorders.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

5
Physical effort paradox during reward evaluation and links to perceived control DOI

Menglin Wu,

Ya Zheng

Cerebral Cortex, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(15), С. 9343 - 9353

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2023

Abstract Effort expenditure not only prospectively discounts the reward associated with it but also retrospectively adds subjective value of reward, which is known as effort paradox. This study aimed to resolve paradox during evaluation through critical lens neural dynamics and its potential moderators. In total, 40 participants completed an effort-reward task wherein they exerted varying physical efforts obtain opportunity win monetary rewards by active or passive decision-making. We found that after-effects unfolded over time, manifesting itself discounting effect positivity (RewP) period enhancement late positive (LPP) interval. Then, we a dynamic balance between such more discounted RewP at early stage, increased LPP stage. Moreover, observed relationship was modulated perceived control sensitivity decreased effect. Together, our findings provide new insights into mechanisms underlying exertion evaluation.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

11
Adolescent neurodevelopment and psychopathology: The interplay between adversity exposure and genetic risk for accelerated brain ageing DOI Creative Commons
Raluca Petrican, Alex Fornito

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 60, С. 101229 - 101229

Опубликована: Март 15, 2023

In adulthood, stress exposure and genetic risk heighten psychological vulnerability by accelerating neurobiological senescence. To investigate whether molecular brain network maturation processes play a similar role in adolescence, we analysed genetic, as well longitudinal task neuroimaging (inhibitory control, incentive processing) early life adversity (i.e., material deprivation, violence) data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (N = 980, age range: 9–13 years). Genetic was estimated separately for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Alzheimer's Disease (AD), two pathologies linked to allegedly sharing causal connection (MDD-to-AD). Adversity MDD/AD jointly predicted functional segregation patterns suggestive of accelerated (GABA-linked) visual/attentional, but delayed (dopamine [D2]/glutamate [GLU5R]-linked) somatomotor/association system development. A positive relationship between psychopathology emerged only among less vulnerable adolescents, thereby implying that normatively maladaptive neurodevelopmental alterations could foster adjustment more exposed genetically susceptible youths. Transcriptomic analyses suggested sensitivity may underpin joint effect MDD/AD, line with proposed negative emotionality precursor AD, likely account alleged impact MDD on dementia onset.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

10
The Creative Brain DOI Creative Commons

Anna Abraham

The MIT Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024

A nuanced, science-based understanding of the creative mind that dispels pervasive myths we hold about human brain—but also uncovers truth at their cores. What is relationship between creativity and madness? Creativity intelligence? Do psychedelics truly enhance creativity? How should understand left right hemispheres brain? Is brain, in fact, seat reasoning brain These are just some questions Anna Abraham, a renowned expert imagination, explores The Creative Brain, fascinating deep dive into origins seven most common beliefs brain. Rather than endorse or debunk these myths, Abraham traces them back to explain how they started why spread—and what core truth. Drawing on theoretical empirical work cognitive psychology neuroscience, offers an examination reveals true complexity underlying our conventional chapters book explore myth as hemisphere responsible for creativity; madness creativity, atypical brains intelligence various functions dopamine; lastly, default mode revolution, which theorized regions likely be involved process those areas active during rest mind-wandering. An accessible engaging read, Brain gets heart minds people more others, offering illuminating insights its surface seems endlessly magical phenomenon.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4
The Neuroscience of Active Learning and Direct Instruction DOI Creative Commons
Janet M. Dubinsky, Arif Hamid

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 163, С. 105737 - 105737

Опубликована: Май 23, 2024

Throughout the educational system, students experiencing active learning pedagogy perform better and fail less than those taught through direct instruction. Can this be ascribed to differences in from a neuroscientific perspective? This review examines mechanistic, evidence that might explain cognitive engagement contributing outcomes between these instructional approaches. In classrooms, instruction comprehensively describes academic content, while provides structured opportunities for learners explore, apply, manipulate content. Synaptic plasticity its modulation by arousal or novelty are central all both As form of social learning, relies upon working memory. The reinforcement circuit, associated agency, curiosity, peer-to-peer interactions combine enhance motivation, improve retention, build higher-order-thinking skills environments. When memory becomes overwhelmed, additionally engaging circuit improves providing an explanation benefits learning. analysis mechanistic examination how emerging neuroscience principles inform pedagogical choices at levels.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4
Potential brain recovery of frontostriatal circuits in heroin users after prolonged abstinence: A preliminary study DOI

Ling Lu,

Wenhan Yang,

Xiaozi Zhang

и другие.

Journal of Psychiatric Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 152, С. 326 - 334

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2022

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

16
Gambling Environment Exposure Increases Temporal Discounting but Improves Model-Based Control in Regular Slot-Machine Gamblers DOI Creative Commons
Ben Wagner, David Mathar, Jan Peters

и другие.

Computational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 6(1), С. 142 - 165

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Gambling disorder is a behavioral addiction that negatively impacts personal finances, work, relationships and mental health. In this pre-registered study (https://osf.io/5ptz9/) we investigated the impact of real-life gambling environments on two computational markers addiction, temporal discounting model-based reinforcement learning. associated with increased reduced Regular gamblers (n = 30, DSM-5 score range 3–9) performed both tasks in neutral (café) gambling-related environment (slot-machine venue) counterbalanced order. Data were modeled using drift diffusion models for learning via hierarchical Bayesian estimation. Replicating previous findings, discounted rewards more steeply context. This effect was positively correlated related cognitive distortions (pre-registered analysis). contrast to our hypothesis, improved Here show are modulated opposite ways by cue exposure. Results challenge aspects habit theories reveal laboratory-based psychopathology under substantial contextual control.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

15
Connectivity of the corticostriatal and thalamostriatal systems in normal and parkinsonian states: An update DOI Creative Commons
Anne-Caroline Martel, Adriana Galván

Neurobiology of Disease, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 174, С. 105878 - 105878

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2022

The striatum receives abundant glutamatergic afferents from the cortex and thalamus. These inputs play a major role in functions of striatal neurons normal conditions, are significantly altered pathological states, such as Parkinson's disease. This review summarizes current knowledge connectivity corticostriatal thalamostriatal pathways, with emphasis on most recent advances field. We also discuss novel findings regarding structural changes cortico- connections that occur these consequence loss dopamine parkinsonism.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

12
Meta-analysis of high-intensity interval training effects on cognitive function in older adults and cognitively impaired patients DOI Creative Commons
Wenting Zhang,

Shaomin Zeng,

Yao Nie

и другие.

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Март 6, 2025

Cognitive enhancement treatments are limited, and while High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has been suggested to improve cognitive function, high-quality evidence remains scarce. This meta-analysis evaluates the effects of HIIT on performance compared moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) control groups in older adults cognitively Impaired Patients. A systematic search PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases was conducted for articles published until 10 October 2024. Eighteen studies were included, comparing outcomes across HIIT, MICT, groups. tests evaluated included Stroop test, Digit Span Test (DST), Trail Making (TMT), MOST test. significantly improved MICT test (SMD = -0.8, 95% CI: -1.3 -0.2) DST 0.3, -0.0-0.5). Compared groups, enhanced TMT -0.7, 0.0) -1.2, -1.8 -0.7). supports efficacy enhancing functions, particularly flexibility, working memory, task switching, attention control, inhibitory control. These findings suggest that can be an effective intervention improving behavior https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, Identifier CRD42023413879.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

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