Hormetic Nutrition and Redox Regulation in Gut–Brain Axis Disorders

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(4), С. 484 - 484

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hormetic nutrition for enhancing stress resilience overall human health have received much attention. Recently, the gut-brain axis has attracted prominent interest preventing therapeutically impacting neuropathologies gastrointestinal diseases. Polyphenols polyphenol-combined nanoparticles in synergy with probiotics shown to improve gut bioavailability blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, thus inhibiting oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction inflammation linked dysbiosis ultimately onset progression central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In accordance hormesis, polyphenols display biphasic dose-response by activating at a low dose Nrf2 pathway resulting upregulation

Язык: Английский

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Allostatic Interoceptive Overload Across Psychiatric and Neurological Conditions

Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 97(1), С. 28 - 40

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Hepatic vagal afferents convey clock-dependent signals to regulate circadian food intake

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 386(6722), С. 673 - 677

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2024

Circadian desynchrony induced by shiftwork or jet lag is detrimental to metabolic health, but how synchronous desynchronous signals are transmitted among tissues unknown. We report that liver molecular clock dysfunction signaled the brain through hepatic vagal afferent nerve (HVAN), leading altered food intake patterns corrected ablation of HVAN. Hepatic branch vagotomy also prevents disruptions high-fat diet feeding and reduces body weight gain. Our findings reveal a homeostatic feedback signal relies on communication between control circadian patterns. This identifies vagus as potential therapeutic target for obesity in setting chronodisruption.

Язык: Английский

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Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation conditions increased invigoration and wanting in depression

Comprehensive Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 132, С. 152488 - 152488

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is often marked by impaired motivation and reward processing, known as anhedonia. Many patients do not respond to first-line treatments, improvements in can be slow, creating an urgent need for rapid interventions. Recently, we demonstrated that transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) acutely boosts effort invigoration healthy participants, but its effects on depression remain unclear.

Язык: Английский

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Does transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation alter pupil dilation? A living Bayesian meta-analysis

Brain stimulation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(2), С. 148 - 157

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Non‐Invasive Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Decreases Heart Rate Variability Independent of Caloric Load

Psychophysiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 62(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The vagus nerve is crucial in regulating physiological functions, including the cardiovascular system. While heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV) may provide non‐invasive proxies of cardiac vagal activity, transcutaneous auricular stimulation (taVNS) has yielded mixed effects, with limited research on right branch stimulation. In a randomized crossover study 36 healthy participants, we investigated taVNS effects HR HRV indexed by SDRR, RMSSD, HF‐HRV, LF/HF ratio. To assess impact side (left vs. ear) indices interaction state, recorded electrocardiograms four sessions per person, covering three session phases: baseline, during (taVNS sham), post‐milkshake consumption First, found moderate evidence against affecting (BF 10 = 0.21). Second, decreased (multivariate p 0.004) independent strong for RMSSD 15.11) HF‐HRV 11.80). Third, taVNS‐induced changes were comparable across sides stronger than sham, indicating consistent side. We conclude that reduces as SDRR without altering HR, contradicting assumption se increases cardiovagal activity increased due to stimulating afferents. Instead, our results support role afferent activation arousal. Crucially, both can safely modulate system increasing risk bradycardia or causing adverse events offering new treatment possibilities.

Язык: Английский

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The Vagus Nerve as a Gateway to Body Ownership: taVNS Reduces Susceptibility to a Virtual Version of the Cardiac and Tactile Rubber Hand Illusion

Psychophysiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 62(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been shown to influence cognitive and emotional function enhance interoceptive awareness. This study investigates if taVNS effects extend the experience of body ownership, as measured via susceptibility rubber hand illusion (RHI) in a virtual reality setting. The experiment involved 27 participants who underwent real sham two separate sessions while experiencing synchronous or asynchronous visuo‐cardiac visuo‐tactile feedback on arm place their own. Results indicated that active compared decreased sensitivity both cardiac tactile trials. Specifically, greater proprioceptive drift difference (PDD) toward was observed for trials only during ( t (26) = −4.58, p bonf < 0.001) but not 1.00) stimulation. A similar pattern also subjective where led ownership than −3.52, 0.010) These findings suggest might making individuals more attuned bodily signals less susceptible illusions. Additionally, physiological measures such heart rate (HR), variability (HRV), skin sympathetic nervous activity (SKNA) were assessed explore autonomic taVNS. We decrease HR 4.30, 0.001), an increase SKNA −4.40, −4.85, 0.002). contribute understanding nerve's role integrating visceral somatosensory signals, with implications clinical applications conditions characterized by altered interoception ownership.

Язык: Английский

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Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Enhances Probabilistic Learning

Psychophysiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 62(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

tVNS enhances various memory and learning mechanisms, but there is inconclusive evidence on whether probabilistic can be enhanced by tVNS. Here, we tested a simplified version of the task with monetary rewards in between-participants design left right-sided cymba conchae tragus stimulation (compared to sham stimulation) sample healthy individuals (n = 80, 64 women, average 26.38 years old). overall accuracy significantly (p 4.09 x 10-04) reduces response times 1.1006 10-49) phase. Reinforcement modelling data revealed that group uses riskier strategy, dedicates more time stimulus encoding motor processes exhibits greater reward sensitivity relative group. The advantage for persists 0.005 p 9.2501 × 10-27 times) during an immediate extinction phase continued which feedback were omitted. Our observations are line proposal reinforcement individuals. This suggests may useful contexts where fast persistence absence advantage, example, case new habits.

Язык: Английский

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Does transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation alter pupil dilation? A living Bayesian meta-analysis

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2024

Abstract Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has emerged as a promising technique to modulate autonomic functions, and pupil dilation been recognized biomarker for tVNS-induced monoaminergic release. Nevertheless, studies on the effectiveness of various tVNS protocols have produced heterogeneous results dilatation date. Here, we synthesize existing evidence compare conventional continuous pulsed using Bayesian meta-analysis. To maintain living version, developed Shiny App with possibility incorporate newly published in future. Based systematic review, included 18 (N = 771) applying either or protocols. Across studies, found anecdotal alternative hypothesis that increases size ( g 0.14, 95% CI [0.001, 0.29], BF01 2.5). Separating according vs. revealed were driven by taVNS (strong hypothesis: 0.34, [0.15, 0.53], BF10 14.15) while provided strong null 0.01, [-0.15, 0.16], BF01= 20.7). In conclusion, our meta-analysis highlights differential effects dilation. These findings underscore relevance optimizing its use specific applications may require modulation tonic phasic responses.

Язык: Английский

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Altered food liking in depression is driven by macronutrient composition

Psychological Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 55

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by changes in appetite and body weight as well blunted reward sensitivity (‘anhedonia’). However, it not understood which mechanisms are driving sensitivity, specifically regarding food. Here, we used a sample of 117 participants (54 patients with MDD 63 healthy control [HCPs]) who completed food cue reactivity task ratings wanting liking for 60 20 non-food items. To evaluate components the may contribute to altered depression, tested associations macronutrients depicted In line previous studies, found reduced ( p = .003) but .23) compared matched HCPs. Adding macronutrient composition models substantially improved their fit s < .001). Compared carbohydrate-rich foods, reported lower high-fat high-protein foods. Moreover, showed weaker correlations preferences carbohydrate- versus fat- or protein-rich foods .001), pointing potential disturbances metabolic signaling. conclude, our results suggest that depression-related alterations more specific than previously anticipated, hinting at gut–brain These findings raise intriguing question whether interventions targeting gut could help normalize aberrant signals rich fat protein.

Язык: Английский

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