Fish as Model Systems to Study Epigenetic Drivers in Human Self-Domestication and Neurodevelopmental Cognitive Disorders

Genes, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(6), С. 987 - 987

Опубликована: Май 31, 2022

Modern humans exhibit phenotypic traits and molecular events shared with other domesticates that are thought to be by-products of selection for reduced aggression. This is the human self-domestication hypothesis. As one first types responses a novel environment, epigenetic changes may have also facilitated early in humans. Here, we argue fish species, which been recently domesticated, can provide model systems study drivers self-domestication. To test this, used silico approaches compare genes European sea bass exhibiting methylation anatomically modern (comparison 1), neurodevelopmental cognitive disorders considered abnormal traits, i.e., schizophrenia, Williams syndrome, autism spectrum 2). Overlapping comparison 1 were involved processes like limb morphogenesis phenotypes jaw morphology hypopigmentation. 2 affected paralogue such as neural crest differentiation ectoderm differentiation. These findings pave way future studies using species models investigate triggers disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Promoting validation and cross-phylogenetic integration in model organism research

Disease Models & Mechanisms, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(9)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2022

Model organism (MO) research provides a basic understanding of biology and disease due to the evolutionary conservation molecular cellular language life. MOs have been used identify understand function orthologous genes, proteins, cells tissues involved in biological processes, develop evaluate techniques methods, perform whole-organism-based chemical screens test drug efficacy toxicity. However, growing richness datasets rising power computation raise an important question: How do we maximize value MOs? In-depth discussions over 50 virtual presentations organized by National Institutes Health across more than 10 weeks yielded suggestions for improving rigor, validation, reproducibility translatability MO research. The effort clarified challenges opportunities developing integrating tools resources. Maintenance critical existing infrastructure implementation suggested improvements will play roles maintaining productivity facilitating validation animal models human disease.

Язык: Английский

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Establishment, Long‐Term Maintenance, and Characterization of Primary Liver Cells from Astyanax mexicanus

Current Protocols, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 3(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023

The tetra fish species Astyanax mexicanus comprises two morphotypes: cavefish that live in caves and surface inhabit rivers lakes. Because have adapted to the nutrient-poor conditions their habitat whereas populations can be used as a proxy for ancestral condition, this has become powerful model system understanding genetic variation underlying metabolic adaptation. liver plays critical role glucose fat metabolism body hence is an important tissue studying altered health disease. Cavefish morphs of A. been shown develop fatty livers exhibit massive differences gene expression chromatin architecture. Primary cell lines from various tissues invaluable tools biochemical, toxicology, biology experiments, well genomic analyses. To enhance utility by enabling expanded set biochemical vitro we developed protocols isolation maintenance primary cells cavefish. We also describe methods characterization, including cloning, characterization growth pattern, lentivirus transduction. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: culture Support Maintenance 2: Banking 3: Recovery 4: cloning 5: Characterization pattern Lentiviral transduction cells.

Язык: Английский

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Cold-Driven Hemoglobin Evolution in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes Prior to Hemoglobin Gene Loss in White-Blooded Icefishes

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 40(11)

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2023

Expression of multiple hemoglobin isoforms with differing physiochemical properties likely helps species adapt to different environmental and physiological conditions. Antarctic notothenioid fishes inhabit the icy Southern Ocean display fewer isoforms, each less affinity for oxygen than temperate relatives. Reduced multiplicity was proposed result from relaxed selective pressure in cold, thermally stable, highly oxygenated waters. These conditions also permitted survival diversification white-blooded icefishes, only vertebrates living without hemoglobin. To understand evolution during adaptation freezing water, we analyzed genes 36 genome assemblies. Results showed that frigid shaped gene by episodic diversifying selection concomitant cold pervasive notothenioids compared relatives, a continuing Analysis expression adult hematopoietic organs various further revealed switch underlying reduction fish, leading single isoform plunderfishes dragonfishes, sister groups icefishes. The predicted high fish embryos based on transcriptomic data, however, raises questions about molecular bases implications diverse adults. This analysis supports hypothesis last common icefish ancestor vulnerable detrimental mutations affecting ancestral expressed alpha- beta-globin pair, potentially predisposing their subsequent loss.

Язык: Английский

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Akarotaxis gouldae, a new species of Antarctic dragonfish (Notothenioidei: Bathydraconidae) from the western Antarctic Peninsula

Zootaxa, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5501(2), С. 265 - 290

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2024

Bathydraconidae (Notothenioidei) are a group of benthic fishes endemic to the Southern Ocean. Because their recent evolutionary radiation and limited sampling efforts due occurrence in remote regions, diversity is likely underestimated. Akarotaxis nudiceps, currently only recognized member its genus, an especially poorly known bathydraconid. Although A. nudiceps has circumpolar distribution on Antarctic continental shelf, deep habitat rarity limit knowledge life history biology. Using combination morphological genetic analyses, we identified undescribed species this herein named gouldae sp. nov. (Banded Dragonfish). The separation was initially from archived larval specimens, highlighting importance early stage taxonomy natural collections. All adult specimens have been collected restricted ~400 km coastal section western Peninsula, although possibly bias. This region targeted by epipelagic krill fishery, which could potentially capture as bycatch. Due extremely low fecundity near-surface larvae, suggest growing fishery negatively impact speces.

Язык: Английский

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Bone microstructure and bone mineral density are not systemically different in Antarctic icefishes and related Antarctic notothenioids

Journal of Anatomy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 240(1), С. 34 - 49

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2021

Abstract Ancestors of the Antarctic icefishes (family Channichthyidae) were benthic and had no swim bladder, making it energetically expensive to rise from ocean floor. To exploit water column, benthopelagic hypothesized have evolved a skeleton with “reduced bone,” which gross anatomical data supported. Here, we tested hypothesis that changes icefish bones also occurred below level anatomy. Histology micro‐CT imaging representative craniofacial (i.e., ceratohyal, frontal, dentary, articular) extant fish species specifically evaluated two features might cause appearance bone”: bone microstructure (e.g., volume fraction structure linear density) mineral density (BMD, or mass per bone). Measures not consistently different in Chaenocephalus aceratus Champsocephalus gunnari , compared related notothenioids Notothenia coriiceps Gobionotothen gibberifrons . Some quantitative measures, such as density, significantly increased some homologous non‐icefish. However, differences rare, microstructural measures across all analyzed. Furthermore, BMD was similar among non‐icefish notothenioids. In summary, bone” due systemic BMD, raising prospect occurs only at anatomic smaller fewer bones). Given exhibit delayed skeletal development fishes, combining these phenotypic genomic clarify genetic driving heterochrony.

Язык: Английский

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A parasite outbreak in notothenioid fish in an Antarctic fjord

iScience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25(7), С. 104588 - 104588

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2022

Climate changes can promote disease outbreaks, but their nature and potential impacts in remote areas have received little attention. In a hot spot of biodiversity on the West Antarctic Peninsula, which faces among fastest changing climates Earth, we captured specimens two notothenioid fish species affected by large skin tumors at an incidence never before observed Southern Ocean. Molecular histopathological analyses revealed that X-cell parasitic alveolates, members genus call Notoxcellia, are etiological agent these tumors. Parasite-specific molecular probes showed xenomas remained within largely outgrew host cells dermis. We further induced neovascularization underlying tissue detrimentally growth condition. Although many knowledge gaps persist about disease, including its mode transmission life cycle, findings reveal potentially active biotic threats to vulnerable ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Extreme intraspecific divergence in mitochondrial haplotypes makes the threespine stickleback fish an emerging evolutionary mutant model for mito-nuclear interactions

Frontiers in Genetics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2022

Mitochondrial DNA is primarily maternally inherited in most animals and evolves about 10 times faster than biparentally nuclear DNA. dysfunction (mt-dys) arises when interactions between the co-evolving mitochondrial genomes are perturbed essential processes like oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Over time mt-dys can lead to diseases (mt-diseases), which surprisingly prevalent include common such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, diabetes. Unfortunately, strong impact that intraspecific genetic variation has on mt-disease complicates its study development of effective treatments. Animal models have advanced our understanding but their relevance human conditions often limited by relatively low diversity. Many traditional laboratory also typically a single haplotype (mitotype), stark contrast over 5,000 mitotypes humans worldwide. The threespine stickleback fish an evolutionary history made it favorable mutant model (EMM) for studying mito-nuclear possibly mt-diseases. EMMs species with naturally evolved states mimic maladaptive diseases. In stickleback, period isolation followed introgression genome from sister resulted maintenance two distinct haplotypes continue segregate within many populations wild stickleback. existence mitogenomes segregating numerous genetically diverse provides unique system exploring complex dynamics. Here we provide first complete coding region analysis mitotypes, whose mitogenomic divergence exceeds other mammalian disease even ancient modern humans. We find not uniform across mitogenome, impacts protein genes, significantly proteins Complex I OXPHOS. full characterization these highly divergent foundation EMM interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Novel mitochondrial genome rearrangements including duplications and extensive heteroplasmy could underlie temperature adaptations in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2022

Abstract Mitochondrial genomes are known for their compact size and conserved gene order, however, recent studies employing long-read sequencing technologies have revealed the presence of atypical mitogenomes in some species. In this study, we assembled annotated five Antarctic notothenioids, including four icefishes ( Champsocephalus gunnari, C. esox, Chaenocephalus aceratus , Pseudochaenuchthys georgianus ) cold-specialized Trematomus borchgrevinki . notothenioids to harbor rearrangements mt genomes, however extensive duplications observed our study never been reported before. icefishes, protein coding ND6 two transfer RNAs, control region with different copy number variants present within same individuals appearing follow canonical Duplication-Degeneration-Complementation (DDC) model esox gunnari addition, using k-mer analysis, were able detect heteroplasmy We also a large inversion mitogenome T. along tandem repeats its region. This is first assemble identify structural notothenioid signifies importance long-reads resolving complex mitochondrial architectures. Identification such wide-ranging these fishes could provide insight into genetic basis icefish physiology more generally may insights about potential role cold adaptation.

Язык: Английский

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Trawling aquatic life for new models in biomedical research and evolutionary developmental biology

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 342(3), С. 123 - 125

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2024

Язык: Английский

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