bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2024
Relapse
represents
a
consistent
clinical
problem
for
individuals
with
substance
use
disorder.
In
the
incubation
of
craving
model
persistent
and
relapse,
cue-induced
drug
seeking
progressively
intensifies
or
'incubates'
during
first
weeks
abstinence
from
self-administration
then
remains
high
months.
Previously,
we
others
have
demonstrated
that
expression
incubated
cocaine
requires
strengthening
excitatory
synaptic
transmission
in
nucleus
accumbens
core
(NAcc).
However,
despite
importance
dopaminergic
signaling
NAcc
motivated
behavior,
little
is
known
about
role
dopamine
(DA)
plays
craving.
Here
used
fiber
photometry
to
measure
DA
transients
male
female
rats
tests
conducted
early
self-administration,
prior
incubation,
late
abstinence,
after
has
plateaued.
We
observed
time-locked
responding
but
their
magnitude
did
not
differ
significantly
when
measured
versus
tests.
Next,
tested
functional
these
by
injecting
receptor
antagonists
into
just
before
test.
Blockade
either
D1
D2
receptors
reduced
incubation.
found
no
main
effect
sex
our
experiments.
These
results
suggest
contributes
emergence
this
reflects
changes
postsynaptic
responsiveness
rather
than
presynaptic
alterations.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
43(3), С. 113834 - 113834
Опубликована: Март 1, 2024
Striatal
dopamine
axons
co-release
and
gamma-aminobutyric
acid
(GABA),
using
GABA
provided
by
uptake
via
transporter-1
(GAT1).
Functions
of
are
poorly
understood.
We
asked
whether
co-released
autoinhibits
release
axonal
type
A
receptors
(GABAARs),
complementing
established
inhibition
acting
at
D2
autoreceptors.
show
that
express
α3-GABAAR
subunits
in
mouse
striatum.
Enhanced
evoked
single-pulse
optical
stimulation
striatal
slices
with
GABAAR
antagonism
confirms
an
endogenous
tone
limits
release.
Strikingly,
additional
inhibitory
component
is
seen
when
multiple
pulses
used
to
mimic
phasic
activity,
revealing
the
role
GABAAR-mediated
autoinhibition
This
autoregulation
lost
conditional
GAT1-knockout
mice
lacking
co-release.
Given
faster
kinetics
ionotropic
GABAARs
than
G-protein-coupled
autoreceptors,
our
data
reveal
a
mechanism
whereby
acts
as
first
responder
dampen
phasic-to-tonic
signaling.
Neuromodulators
transform
animal
behaviors.
Recent
research
has
demonstrated
the
importance
of
both
sustained
and
transient
change
in
neuromodulators,
likely
due
to
tonic
phasic
neuromodulator
release.
However,
no
method
could
simultaneously
record
types
dynamics.
Fluorescence
lifetime
optical
reporters
offer
a
solution
because
it
allows
high
temporal
resolution
is
impervious
sensor
expression
differences
across
chronic
periods.
Nevertheless,
fluorescence
entire
classes
sensors
was
previously
known.
Unexpectedly,
we
find
that
several
intensity-based
also
exhibit
responses.
Furthermore,
show
measures
vivo
dynamics
with
consistency
animals
time.
Thus,
report
can
measure
over
time
scales,
promising
reveal
roles
multi-time
scale
diseases,
response
therapies,
development
aging.
Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9, С. 100753 - 100753
Опубликована: Май 16, 2024
The
chemical
compound
nicotine,
specifically
3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)
pyridine,
is
a
notable
xenobiotic
under
investigation
in
the
realm
of
electrochemical
biosensors.
This
article
emphasizes
nature
this
substance
and
its
impact
on
human
body.
Different
species
with
pharmacological,
therapeutic,
industrial,
food-related,
environmental
origins
can
now
be
detected
using
sensors.
Nicotine,
an
addictive
tobacco
products
electronic
cigarettes
(e-cigs),
recognized
for
increasing
risk
cardiovascular
respiratory
disorders.
Careful
real-time
monitoring
nicotine
exposure
critical
alleviating
potential
health
impacts
not
just
smokers
but
also
those
exposed
to
second-hand
third-hand
smoke.
Monitoring
requires
suitable
sensing
material
detect
selectively
testing
free-living
conditions
standard
environment.
A
biosensor
consists
sensitive
biological
system
detector
appropriate
transducers
obtaining
output
signals.
applications
these
devices
include
screening,
detection
contaminants,
farming,
routine
medical
examinations.
Critical
factors
widespread
commercialization
will
product's
selectivity,
sensitivity,
stability,
lower
production
costs.
Scientists
have
been
working
developing
nano
high
degree
sensitivity
selectivity
recognition
biomarkers
immune
responses
cancer.
An
analysis
various
parameters,
including
Limit
Detection
(LOD)
concentration
within
pH
range
(7-7.4),
has
conducted.
objective
enhance
expand
linear
range,
optimize
optical
electrical
properties.
delves
into
optimization
sensors
biosensors
from
perspective,
highlighting
positive
negative
effects
as
well
metabolic
pathways
study
categorizes
evaluates
latest
based
their
generation
(electron
transfer
between
multilayers)
methods
(modification
types
or
direct
electrodes).
strengths
weaknesses
each
are
scrutinized
over
past
15
years,
focus
solely
Biomacromolecules,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025
Cerebral
ischemic
stroke,
neuronal
death,
and
inflammation
bring
difficulties
in
neuroprotection
rehabilitation.
In
this
study,
we
developed
designed
the
ability
of
natural
lactoferrin-polyethylene
glycol-polyphenylalanine-baicalein
nanomicelles
(LF-PEG-PPhe-Bai)
to
target
reduce
these
pathological
processes,
such
as
neurological
damage
cognitive
impairment
stages
poststroke.
Nanomicelles
made
from
biocompatible
materials
have
improved
bioavailability
targeted
distribution
afflicted
brain
areas.
The
results
showed
that
LF-PEG-PPhe-Bai
greatly
antioxidation,
antiapoptosis,
anti-inflammation
activity
vitro.
Meanwhile,
behavioral
2-VO
model
mice,
protected
nerve
cells
hippocampus,
reduced
at
injury
site
vivo.
conclusion,
are
employed
for
enhancing
poststroke
development
technology
might
provide
a
new
technique
neural
repair
after
ischemia
future.
eNeuro,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(7), С. ENEURO.0001 - 24.2024
Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024
Measuring
the
dynamic
relationship
between
neuromodulators,
such
as
dopamine,
and
neuronal
action
potentials
is
imperative
to
understand
how
these
fundamental
modes
of
neural
signaling
interact
mediate
behavior.
We
developed
methods
measure
concurrently
dopamine
extracellular
(i.e.,
spikes)
in
monkeys.
Standard
fast-scan
cyclic
voltammetric
(FSCV)
electrochemical
(EChem)
electrophysiological
(EPhys)
recording
systems
are
combined
used
collect
spike
signals,
respectively,
from
an
array
carbon
fiber
(CF)
sensors
implanted
monkey
striatum.
FSCV
requires
application
small
voltages
at
redox
currents
generated
target
molecules,
dopamine.
These
applied
create
artifacts
neighboring
EPhys
measurement
which
may
lead
misclassification
signals
physiological
spikes.
Therefore,
simple
automated
temporal
interpolation
algorithms
were
designed
remove
enable
accurate
extraction.
validated
using
simulated
demonstrated
average
recovery
rate
84.5%.
identified
discriminated
cell
type-specific
units
striatum
that
shown
correlate
specific
behavioral
task
parameters
related
reward
size
eye
movement
direction.
Synchronously
recorded
displayed
contrasting
relations
variables,
suggesting
a
complex
two
signaling.
Future
our
will
help
advance
understanding
interactions
neuromodulator
activity,
elucidate
more
detailed
mechanisms
circuitry
plasticity
mediating
behaviors
health
disease.
