bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 20, 2024
Abstract
Rare
events
(
oddballs
)
produce
a
variety
of
enhanced
physiological
responses
relative
to
frequent
standards
),
including
the
P3b
component
event-related
potential
(ERP)
waveform.
Previous
research
has
suggested
that
is
related
working
memory,
which
implies
memory
representations
will
be
for
rare
stimuli.
To
test
this
hypothesis,
we
devised
modified
oddball
paradigm
in
target
was
disk
presented
at
one
16
different
locations,
were
divided
into
set
and
set.
Participants
made
binary
response
on
each
trial
report
whether
appeared
or
As
expected,
much
larger
stimuli
appearing
location
within
We
also
included
occasional
probe
trials
subject
reported
exact
target.
found
these
reports
more
accurate
locations
than
Moreover,
mean
accuracy
correlated
with
amplitude
P3b.
applied
multivariate
pattern
analysis
ERP
data
“decode”
remembered
Decoding
greater
then
replicated
extended
our
behavioral
findings
follow-up
experiment.
These
electrophysiological
results
demonstrate
although
both
are
stored
events.
Significance
Statement
For
many
decades,
researchers
have
observed
elicit
broad
range
responses,
there
been
speculation
about
functional
significance
responses.
One
such
component,
large
voltage
deflection
scalp
EEG
recordings.
Over
40
years
ago,
hypothesized
reflect
“context
updating”
(now
often
called
“working
updating”).
However,
no
direct
evidence
actually
rare,
P3b-eliciting
In
present
study,
measures
This
potentially
release
norepinephrine
across
cortex.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 22, 2024
Abstract
Locus
coeruleus
(LC)-derived
norepinephrine
(NE)
drives
network
and
behavioral
adaptations
to
environmental
saliencies
by
reconfiguring
circuit
connectivity,
but
the
underlying
synapse-level
mechanisms
are
elusive.
Here,
we
show
that
NE
remodeling
of
synaptic
function
is
independent
from
its
binding
on
neuronal
receptors.
Instead,
astrocytic
adrenergic
receptors
Ca
2+
dynamics
fully
gate
effect
synapses
as
astrocyte-specific
deletion
three
astrocyte-silencing
approaches
all
render
insensitive
NE.
Additionally,
find
suppression
strength
results
an
ATP-derived
adenosine
A1
receptor-mediated
control
presynaptic
efficacy.
An
accompanying
study
Chen
et
al.
reveals
existence
analogous
pathway
in
larval
zebrafish
highlights
importance
state
transitions.
Together,
these
findings
fuel
a
new
model
wherein
astrocytes
core
component
neuromodulatory
systems
effector
through
which
produces
adaptations,
challenging
80-year-old
status
quo.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
19
Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025
Healthy
cognitive
aging
emphasizes
preserving
functions
essential
for
independence
and
well-being.
Developing
interventions
that
promote
cognition
resilience
in
older
individuals
is
crucial.
Social
playfulness,
characterized
by
spontaneity
mutual
enjoyment,
allows
to
step
away
from
routine
roles
engage
novel
surprising
exchanges.
Emerging
evidence
suggests
social
playfulness
a
promising
approach
supporting
joyful
engaging
way.
In
this
theory
hypothesis
manuscript,
we
propose
neurobiological
pathway
mediating
the
effects
of
on
cognition.
Playful
interactions
generate
high
levels
uncertainty,
requiring
continuous
adaptation
exploration.
We
suggest
these
demands
locus
coeruleus-noradrenaline
(LC-NA)
system,
which
crucial
navigating
uncertainty
sustaining
arousal
flexibility
needed
adapt
dynamic
unpredictable
nature
playful
interactions.
Importantly,
collaborative
safe
environment
transforms
uncertainty-driven
noradrenergic
activation
into
an
rewarding
experience,
enhancing
focus,
positive
affect,
flexibility.
adults,
where
LC-NA
functionality
may
decline
with
age,
could
counteract
upregulating
system.
review
linking
integrity
health
explore
how
might
mitigate
deterioration
functioning
training
executive
promoting
novelty
This
framework
bridges
neuroscience,
psychology,
creative-arts
therapies,
highlighting
as
tool
healthy
aging.
emphasize
need
further
research
validate
its
implications
designing
leverage
enhance
populations.
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
28(8), С. 739 - 756
Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2024
The
brain
exhibits
a
remarkable
ability
to
learn
and
execute
context-appropriate
behaviors.
How
it
achieves
such
flexibility,
without
sacrificing
learning
efficiency,
is
an
important
open
question.
Neuroscience,
psychology,
engineering
suggest
that
reusing
repurposing
computations
are
part
of
the
answer.
Here,
we
review
evidence
thalamocortical
architectures
may
have
evolved
facilitate
these
objectives
flexibility
efficiency
by
coordinating
distributed
computations.
Recent
work
suggests
prefrontal
cortical
networks
compute
with
flexible
codes,
mediodorsal
thalamus
provides
regularization
promote
efficient
reuse.
Thalamocortical
interactions
resemble
hierarchical
Bayesian
computations,
their
network
implementation
can
be
related
existing
gating,
synchronization,
hub
theories
thalamic
function.
By
reviewing
recent
findings
providing
novel
synthesis,
highlight
key
research
horizons
integrating
computation,
cognition,
systems
neuroscience.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 23, 2024
Both
neurons
and
glia
communicate
via
diffusible
neuromodulatory
substances,
but
the
substrates
of
computation
in
such
networks
are
unclear.
During
behavioral
transitions
larval
zebrafish,
neuromodulator
norepinephrine
drives
fast
excitation
delayed
inhibition
behavior
circuit
activity.
We
find
that
inhibitory
arm
this
feedforward
motif
is
implemented
by
astroglial
purinergic
signaling.
Neuromodulator
imaging,
pharmacology,
perturbations
astroglia
reveal
triggers
release
adenosine
triphosphate,
extracellular
conversion
into
adenosine,
suppression
through
activation
hindbrain
neuronal
receptors.
This
work,
along
with
a
companion
piece
Lefton
colleagues
demonstrating
an
analogous
pathway
mediating
effect
on
synaptic
connectivity
mice,
identifies
computational
role
for
evolutionarily
conserved
signaling
axis
norepinephrine-mediated
brain
state
transitions.
Episodic
memories
are
temporally
segmented
around
event
boundaries
that
tend
to
coincide
with
moments
of
environmental
change.
During
these
times,
the
state
brain
should
change
rapidly,
or
reset,
ensure
information
encountered
before
and
after
an
boundary
is
encoded
in
different
neuronal
populations.
Norepinephrine
(NE)
thought
facilitate
this
network
reorganization.
However,
it
unknown
whether
drive
NE
release
hippocampus
and,
if
so,
how
relates
changes
hippocampal
firing
patterns.
The
advent
new
GRAB
sensor
now
allows
for
measurement
binding
sub-second
resolution.
Using
tool
mice,
we
tested
released
into
dorsal
during
defined
by
unexpected
transitions
between
spatial
contexts
presentations
novel
objections.
We
found
dynamics
were
well
explained
time
elapsed
each
changes,
not
related
conditioned
behaviors,
exploratory
bouts
movement,
reward.
Familiarity
a
context
accelerated
rate
which
phasic
decayed
baseline.
Knowing
when
elevated,
coding
space
differs
moments.
Immediately
observed
relatively
unique
patterns
neural
spiking
settled
modal
at
similar
returned
These
results
consistent
model
wherein
drives
representations
away
from
steady-state
attractor.
hypothesize
distinctive
codes
may
long-term
memory
contribute
basis
primacy
effect.
Episodic
memories
are
temporally
segmented
around
event
boundaries
that
tend
to
coincide
with
moments
of
environmental
change.
During
these
times,
the
state
brain
should
change
rapidly,
or
reset,
ensure
information
encountered
before
and
after
an
boundary
is
encoded
in
different
neuronal
populations.
Norepinephrine
(NE)
thought
facilitate
this
network
reorganization.
However,
it
unknown
whether
drive
NE
release
hippocampus
and,
if
so,
how
relates
changes
hippocampal
firing
patterns.
The
advent
new
GRAB
sensor
now
allows
for
measurement
binding
sub-second
resolution.
Using
tool
mice,
we
tested
released
into
dorsal
during
defined
by
unexpected
transitions
between
spatial
contexts
presentations
novel
objections.
We
found
dynamics
were
well
explained
time
elapsed
each
changes,
not
related
conditioned
behaviors,
exploratory
bouts
movement,
reward.
Familiarity
a
context
accelerated
rate
which
phasic
decayed
baseline.
Knowing
when
elevated,
coding
space
differs
moments.
Immediately
observed
relatively
unique
patterns
neural
spiking
settled
modal
at
similar
returned
These
results
consistent
model
wherein
drives
representations
away
from
steady-state
attractor.
hypothesize
distinctive
codes
may
long-term
memory
contribute
basis
primacy
effect.
ABSTRACT
Rare
events
(
oddballs
)
produce
a
variety
of
enhanced
physiological
responses
relative
to
frequent
standards
),
including
the
P3b
component
event‐related
potential
(ERP)
waveform.
Previous
research
has
suggested
that
is
related
working
memory,
which
implies
memory
representations
will
be
for
rare
stimuli.
To
test
this
hypothesis,
we
devised
modified
oddball
paradigm
where
target
disk
was
presented
at
one
16
different
locations,
were
divided
into
and
sets.
Participants
made
binary
response
on
each
trial
report
whether
appeared
in
set
or
set.
As
expected,
much
larger
stimuli
appearing
location
within
We
also
included
occasional
probe
trials
subject
reported
exact
target.
Accuracy
higher
than
locations.
In
addition,
reports
more
accurate
participants
with
amplitudes
(although
not
participants).
applied
multivariate
pattern
analysis
ERP
data
“decode”
remembered
Decoding
accuracy
greater
locations
then
replicated
extended
our
behavioral
findings
follow‐up
experiment.
These
electrophysiological
results
demonstrate
although
both
are
stored
performance
events.
Abstract
Subcortical
nuclei
of
the
ascending
arousal
system
(AAS)
play
an
important
role
in
regulating
brain
and
cognition.
However,
functional
MRI
(fMRI)
these
humans
involves
unique
challenges
due
to
their
size
location
deep
within
brain.
Here,
we
used
ultra-high-field
other
methodological
advances
investigate
activity
6
subcortical
during
reward
anticipation
memory
encoding:
locus
coeruleus
(LC),
basal
forebrain,
median
dorsal
raphe
nuclei,
substantia
nigra,
ventral
tegmental
area.
Participants
performed
a
monetary
incentive
delay
task,
which
successfully
induced
state
anticipation,
24-h
delayed
surprise
test.
Region-of-interest
analyses
revealed
that
all
increased
potential
rewards
as
opposed
neutral
outcomes.
In
contrast,
none
predicted
performance
24
h
later.
These
findings
provide
new
insights
into
cognitive
functions
are
supported
by
human
AAS.