COVID-19 associated mucormycosis a recent challenge DOI Creative Commons
Vitorino Modesto dos Santos, Lister Arruda Modesto dos Santos, Taciana Arruda Modesto Sugai

и другие.

Autopsy and Case Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13, С. e2023427 - e2023427

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Dear Editor, Mucormycosis has been considered an uncommon, life-threatening infection by filamentous fungi living in the soil and vegetable or animal-decomposing matter, causing through superficial lesions spore inhalation ingestion, mainly people with diabetes, malignancy, hematological diseases, immunosuppression condition.1-12 We read report Bhowmik et al.2 about gastric mucormycosis incidentally diagnosed autopsy of Indian man who died septicemia one week after a road traffic accident. Gastrointestinal (GI) is estimated to occur up 13% invasive infections, involving stomach 58% cases, small large intestines. However, only one-fourth these cases have clinically diagnosed.2 The authors emphasized incidental diagnosis this mycosis endoscopy autopsy, which increasing frequency recent decades.2 mortality rate GI 78% perforated ulcers peritonitis being leading causes death.2 This letter aims present review issue, including articles from 2020 2023. Gurjar al.1 reported 22-year-old woman had acute pancreatitis two months normal delivery evolved thrombosis left cavernous venous sinus, diabetic ketoacidosis, bleeding due perforation. Gastric samples revealed broad aseptate foldable fungal hyphae angioinvasion. She received intensive care support underwent laparotomy subtotal gastrectomy, feeding jejunostomy, ileostomy, addition amphotericin B oral posaconazole. Notwithstanding, her clinical condition worsened, she succumbed six weeks. association ketoacidosis.1 Khsiba al.7 fatal 61‐year‐old Tunisian previously healthy 59‐year‐old foreign Tunisia. one-week history vomiting 4 inhaled corticoids for cough, upper biopsy Rhisopus arrhizus. patient stop conventional renal function impairment; also total gastrectomy 2 but 10 days later.7 male presented pain, vomiting, worsened general state, fever; showed ulcer, study detected typical zygomycetes hyphae. He did not undergo specific treatment mucormycosis, outcome included septic shock hemophagocytic syndrome, dying eight admission.7 stressed 85% without early therapy.7 Noor al.10 21-year-old presenting gastritis-like symptoms, was recently treated lymphohistiocytosis, sinusitis. extensive involvement antifungal drugs resection necrotic tissue. In case, it worthy note young age, lack risk factors such as diabetes immunosuppression, development lymphohistiocytosis. highlighted role prompt on outcome.10 Yuvaraj al.12 described 53-year-old mellitus alcoholism abdominal pain hematemesis. imaging studies wall thickening exophytic ulceration greater curvature splenic hilum, evidence infarction. Biopsy mass branched consistent amphotericin-B administered; however, splenectomy procedures were performed because patient’s condition, he irreversibly death.12 high index suspicion physicians’ awareness needed immunocompromised patients.12 Recent COVID-19-associated (CAM) published.3-6,8,9 It higher prevalence CAM than population-based research. Thus, may be ones.4 Patients COVID-19 are prone nosocomial ventilator-associated infections.4,13 Chauhan al.3 35-year-old fever, delirium, dyspnea, melena. Pulmonary thromboembolism bilateral ground glass opacities chest study. multiple black ulcers. Histopathological examination broad, classical aseptate, ribbon-like, pattern Under therapy, mental confusion, paraparesis, limb weakness. Contrasted computed tomography ring-enhancing brain that manifestation yeast infection. Due SARS-CoV-2, IgM test positive. Treatment posaconazole evolving asymptomatic status complete vanishing CNS lesions.3 Worthy disseminated absence any apparent factor, except associated prothrombotic conditions.3 Malakar al.8 82-year-old five utilized prednisolone 21 treat moderate ago. ulcer extending gastroesophageal junction, mucormycosis. For 13 days, used pantoprazole B, changed worsening continued three till healed.8 rare cause COVID-19, successfully anti-fungal therapy surgery.8 Monte al.9 86-year-old diarrhea, fever before, throat swab confirmed COVID-19.9 With respiratory failure hemodynamic instability, schedule ceftriaxone, azithromycin, oseltamivir, hydrocortisone. Five later, melena, giant lesser curvatures; histopathological following admission before established diagnosis. cited preemptive features suggesting mucormycosis.9 Dam al.4 reviewed pathogenesis, causal agents, determinants, distributions, manifestations, virulence factors, case reports, diagnosis, related trend several countries co-infections. comprised 388 46.7% global mortality; 56.8% uncontrolled 10.2% trauma, majority observed North India (82.7%).4 uncommon nonspecific affecting intestine (∼43.2%), (∼33%) often adults, (∼28.4%), children. 96% disseminated, GI, 76% pulmonary infections.4 improper use surge pandemic, might contribute resistance over time.4 Didehdar al.5 87 reports 2015 November 2021, 70 adults ten neonatal patients, (57.5%) Asia. patients 70%, other 44%; corticosteroid main 11% immunocompetent, four positivity tests infection.5 Abdominal perforation common; 40% vomiting. Surgery plus antimycotic agent (61%), alone (28%), surgery (11%) therapeutic approaches. All surgical procedure; (30%) isavuconazole effectively patients.5 commented low immunity during pandemic favoring difficulties treatment.5 Divakar6 data waves infections India.6 (50%) 90% if untreated; Rhizopus arrhizus most common human followed Apophysomyces variabilis, R. microsporus, homothallicus.6 among rate, some neighboring Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan.6 Because species-specific differences, there challenges India, potentially efficient (amphotericin posaconazole, isavuconazole). accurate species identification crucial correct developing drugs.6 conclusion, although entity, must plausible hypothesis atypical COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

Trans-kingdom fungal pathogens infecting both plants and humans, and the problem of azole fungicide resistance DOI Creative Commons
Alexandra Pintye,

Renáta Bacsó,

Gábor M. Kovács

и другие.

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

Azole antifungals are abundantly used in the environment and play an important role managing fungal diseases clinics. Due to widespread use, azole resistance is emerging global problem for all applications several species, including trans-kingdom pathogens, capable of infecting plants humans. Azoles agriculture clinics share mode action facilitating cross-resistance development. The extensive use azoles environment, e.g., plant protection wood preservation, contributes spread resistant populations challenges using these medical treatments. target cytochrome p450 lanosterol 14-α demethylase encoded by CYP51 (called also as ERG11 case yeasts) gene. Resistance mechanisms involve mainly mutations coding region gene, resulting inadequate binding Cyp51 protein, or promoter causing overexpression protein. World Health Organization (WHO) has issued first priority pathogens list (FPPL) raise awareness risk infections increasingly rapid antifungal resistance. Here, we review main issues about pathogenic fungi with ability cause serious human included WHO FPPL. Methods identification species detection summarized, highlighting importance apply proper treatment.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

9
Nanosponge hydrogel of octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate of Alcaligenes faecalis DOI Creative Commons
Sayed E. El-Sayed, Neveen A. Abdelaziz, Ghadir S. El-Housseiny

и другие.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 108(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024

Abstract Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate (ODHP) was extracted in a previous study from the culture broth of soil isolate Alcaligenes faecalis MT332429 and showed promising antimycotic activity. This aimed to formulate ODHP loaded β-cyclodextrins (CD) nanosponge (NS) hydrogel (HG) control skin fungal ailments since nanosponges augment retention tested agents skin. Box-Behnken design used produce optimized NS formulation, where entrapment efficiency percent (EE%), polydispersity index (PDI), particle size (PS) were assigned as dependent parameters, while independent process parameters polyvinyl alcohol % (w/v %), polymer-linker ratio, homogenization time, speed. The carbopol 940 then created by incorporating nanosponges. fit Higuchi’s kinetic release model best, according vitro drug release. Stability photodegradation studies revealed that NS-HG remained stable under conditions. formulation also higher antifungal activity against Candida albicans compared fluconazole. In vivo ODHP-NS-HG increased survival rates, wound contraction, healing gap inhibited inflammation other groups. histopathological examinations Masson’s trichrome staining improved records collagen deposition. Moreover, permeability through rats’ 1.5-folds isoconazole 1%. Therefore, based on these results, is potential carrier for enhanced topical delivery ODHP. Our pioneering research development produced naturally bacteria. Key points • successfully formulated statistically . new formula exhibited good stability, release, C. fluconazole Ex permeability, analysis high evidenced measurement various biochemical examination

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

7
Modified Potassium Hydroxide Method for Early Diagnosis of Mucormycosis DOI Open Access
D Bindu,

Mymoonah Risha,

Vyshnavee Subramaniyan

и другие.

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(1), С. 791 - 798

Опубликована: Март 31, 2025

Introduction: Mucormycosis is a rare but deadly fungal infection that affects immunocompromised patients, particularly those with uncontrolled diabetes, excessive corticosteroid use, and COVID-19. Aim objective: This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of modified potassium hydroxide-lactophenol cotton blue (KOH-LPCB) staining for identification species using KOH-LPCB staining. Materials methods: One hundred fifty-three tissue samples from clinically suspected mucormycosis cases were analyzed KOH KOH-LCPB mounts. Results: Rhizopus spp. was most common isolate, accounting 48 83 positive (57.8%). The KOH-LCB method demonstrated 92% detecting elements, making it valuable tool early diagnosis in resource-limited settings. Conclusion: underscores significant association between COVID-19, patients diabetes recent use. In addition, two species, Cokeromyces recurvatus Syncephalastrum racemosum, isolated. presence these emphasizes need comprehensive diagnostics avoid misdiagnoses.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
From fever to action: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses DOI Creative Commons
Muttiah Barathan

Pathogens and Disease, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 82

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Illness (AUFI) presents a clinical challenge, often characterized by sudden fever, non-specific symptoms, and potential life-threatening implications. This review highlights the global prevalence, types, challenges, implications of AUFI, especially in tropical subtropical regions where infectious diseases thrive. It delves into difficulties diagnosis, prevalence rates, regional variations, causes, ranging from bacterial viral infections to zoonotic diseases. Furthermore, it explores treatment strategies, preventive measures, critical role One Health approach addressing AUFI. The paper also addresses emerging risks ongoing outbreaks, including COVID-19, Rickettsia spp., other novel pathogens, emphasizing their impact on AUFI diagnosis management. Challenges resource-limited settings are analyzed, highlighting need for bolstered healthcare infrastructure, enhanced diagnostics, collaborative strategies. Amidst complexity threats, this underscores urgency multifaceted mitigate growing burden ensuring early appropriate treatment, effective prevention

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

3
Increased Fungal Infection Mortality Induced by Concurrent Viral Cellular Manipulations DOI
Kevin Roe

Lung, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 201(5), С. 467 - 476

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2023

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

6
Pediatric Gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis: A Retrospective Study from Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia DOI Creative Commons

Salman M Ghazwani,

Haidar M Arishi,

Nabil Dhayhi

и другие.

Infection and Drug Resistance, Год журнала: 2023, Номер Volume 16, С. 4667 - 4676

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023

Basidiobolomycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by Basidiobolus ranarum, and its incidence poorly understood due to rarity. Gastrointestinal (GIB) an uncommon presentation with limited reports in Saudi Arabia. This retrospective study aims describe risk factors, clinical findings, diagnosis, management of GIB the pediatric population.We conducted analysis all patients diagnosed at tertiary hospital between 2010 2022. Patients were identified based on their diagnosis GIB. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed assess factors associated GIB.We analyzed 25 cases GIB, approximately half (56%) occurring during COVID-19 pandemic. The mean age affected 6.6 years, male predominance (60%, n=15). About 100% parents acknowledged gecko existence residence, children exposed insect bites. Poor appetite reported patients, high counts eosinophils erythrocyte sedimentation rate observed. Thrombocytosis present 90% 87% had anemia. Abdominal computerized tomography scans ultrasound-guided biopsies most used diagnostic tools, being histopathological findings confirmed via culture.Our provides valuable information potential features, Jazan region. observed increase pandemic highlights need for continued surveillance research understand better epidemiology this infection. These emphasize heightened awareness, early detection, effective prevention strategies mitigate impact

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

5
“We've got to get out”—Strategies of human pathogenic fungi to escape from phagocytes DOI Creative Commons

Johannes Sonnberger,

Lydia Kasper,

Theresa Lange

и другие.

Molecular Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 121(3), С. 341 - 358

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2023

Abstract Human fungal pathogens are a deadly and underappreciated risk to global health that most severely affect immunocompromised individuals. A virulence attribute shared by some of the clinically relevant species is their ability survive inside macrophages escape from these immune cells. In this review, we discuss mechanisms behind intracellular survival elaborate how mediated lytic non‐lytic pathways as well strategies induce programmed host cell death. We also persistence an alternative rapid exit. end, address consequences for response provide future perspectives research development targeted therapies.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

5
Review on Mucormycosis: Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Microbiology and Diagnosis DOI
Aditya Sharma, Md. Aftab Alam, Shivang Dhoundiyal

и другие.

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2023

Mucormycosis is a serious and invasive fungal infection caused by Mucorales fungi. This review article provides concise overview of the pathogenesis, epidemiology, microbiology, diagnosis mucormycosis. The introduction section highlights key microbiological properties pathogen delves into underlying mechanisms mucormycosis including invasion proliferation fungus within host. description disease focuses on epidemiology mucormycosis, its incidence, risk factors, geographical distribution. It also explores specific context about COVID-19 diabetes mellitus, highlighting increased susceptibility observed in individuals with these conditions. A case study illustrates clinical manifestations challenges associated emphasizing importance early detection. Additionally, discusses significance assessment, radiological imaging, tests for accurate timely detection infection. Regarding treatment, covers various therapeutic approaches, antifungal therapy, surgical interventions, management predisposing limitations treatment options are addressed. aims to provide comprehensive understanding equipping healthcare professionals valuable insights diagnostic strategies. By enhancing knowledge awareness this infection, can improve patient outcomes through appropriate management.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4
Identification, Characterization, and Production Optimization of 6-Methoxy-1H-Indole-2-Carboxylic Acid Antifungal Metabolite Produced by Bacillus toyonensis Isolate OQ071612 DOI Creative Commons
Sayed E. El-Sayed, Neveen A. Abdelaziz, Amer Al Ali

и другие.

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(12), С. 2835 - 2835

Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2023

Fungal infections currently pose a real threat to human lives. In the current study, soil bacterial isolates were screened for production of antifungal compounds combat fungal pathogens. Notably, F1 isolate exhibited antimycotic action towards Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus niger clinical isolates. By employing phenotypic molecular techniques, we identified as Bacillus toyonensis OQ071612. The purified extract showed stability within pH range 6-7 at temperatures up 50 °C. It demonstrated potential activity in presence various surfactants, detergents, enzymes. was 6-methoxy-1H-Indole-2-carboxylic acid using advanced spectroscopic techniques. To optimize metabolite production, utilized response surface methodology (RSM) with face-centered central composite design, considering nutritional environmental variables. optimal conditions follows: starch (5 g/L), peptone agitation rate 150 rpm, 6, 40 °C temperature. A confirmatory experiment validated accuracy optimization process, resulting an approximately 3.49-fold increase production. This is first documented report on characterization (MICA) from toyonensis.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4
Pulmonary infections in the returning traveler DOI
Francesca Norman, Marta Sanz

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(3), С. 243 - 251

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024

Purpose of review The recent COVID-19 pandemic has shaped the epidemiology other infectious diseases globally. International tourist arrivals are increasing and recovering to prepandemic levels. This focuses on respiratory infections in travelers, highlighting characteristics main imported viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic with pulmonary involvement. Recent findings A systematic estimated a prevalence symptoms travelers around 35%, nearly 65% context mass gatherings. Common viral bacterial pathogens account for majority an identified cause; however, data focus need surveillance emerging such as MERS-CoV, henipaviruses multidrug resistant bacteria, which may be spread through travel. Fungal less common, acquisition is usually associated specific risk factors or exposure endemic areas. Special groups, immunocompromised particularly vulnerable, presenting severe disease reactivation latent infections. Summary next significant international epidemic could involve another new agent causing spreading via mobile populations. Official protocols should adhered to, public health interventions implemented effective control. Continued globally coordinated investments research vaccines, therapeutic agents, modeling, digital tracking strategies essential.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1