The
capacity
to
produce
complicated
structures
with
high
precision
has
made
it
possible
make
personalized
implants
that
fit
the
individual
anatomy
of
patient,
improving
outcomes
and
lowering
risks.
For
drug
testing
screening,
3D-printed
tissue
models
have
been
employed,
current
research
is
looking
into
how
fabricate
intricate
microstructures
delivery
systems.
This
chapter
explores
3D
printing
potential
transform
healthcare
by
making
create
patient-specific
as
well
useful
tissues
organs
for
transplantation.
It
important
consider
aspects
like
biocompatibility,
printability,
mechanical
qualities,
degradability,
cost
when
choosing
bioinks
biomaterials.
In
vitro
crucial
determine
these
materials'
effectiveness,
used
in
morphological,
rheological,
chemical,
characterization
materials.
Finally,
recent
studies
on
biomaterials
using
various
techniques
are
reviewed,
including
their
limitations
implications
future
research.
Bioactive Materials,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
28, С. 386 - 401
Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2023
Organoids
are
in
vitro
model
systems
that
mimic
the
complexity
of
organs
with
multicellular
structures
and
functions,
which
provide
great
potential
for
biomedical
tissue
engineering.
However,
their
current
formation
heavily
relies
on
using
complex
animal-derived
extracellular
matrices
(ECM),
such
as
Matrigel.
These
often
poorly
defined
chemical
components
exhibit
limited
tunability
reproducibility.
Recently,
biochemical
biophysical
properties
hydrogels
can
be
precisely
tuned,
offering
broader
opportunities
to
support
development
maturation
organoids.
In
this
review,
fundamental
ECM
vivo
critical
strategies
design
organoid
culture
summarized.
Two
typically
derived
from
natural
synthetic
polymers
applicability
improve
organoids
presented.
The
representative
applications
incorporating
into
highlighted.
Finally,
some
challenges
future
perspectives
also
discussed
developing
advanced
technologies
toward
supporting
research.
Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown, С. 134 - 184
Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2023
The
field
of
drug
discovery
is
continually
advancing
with
the
emergence
new
technologies
and
scientific
developments.
Moreover,
there
a
recent
growing
interest
in
exploiting
natural
products
as
potential
source
novel
leads.
This
chapter
provides
an
overview
current
state
discovery,
specific
focus
on
integrative
medicine.
process
discussed,
including
target
identification,
lead
generation,
optimization,
preclinical
clinical
development,
along
challenges
associated
each
step
solutions.
use
leads
explored,
examples
that
have
been
transformed
into
drugs
efforts
to
discover
product-based
drugs.
Furthermore,
proposes
valuable
insights
opportunities
this
field,
well
solutions
for
discovering
developing
Analytical Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
The
use
of
organoids
and
organ-on-chip
technologies
as
nonanimal
methodologies
in
drug
discovery
personalized
medicine
is
rapidly
expanding.
However,
the
complexity
small
volumes
organoid
culture
samples
present
significant
analytical
challenges,
e.g.,
analysis
using
liquid
chromatography–mass
spectrometry
(LC–MS).
Essentially
an
electrophoresis
across
oil
membrane,
electromembrane
extraction
(EME)
offers
a
promising
approach
for
measuring
drugs,
it
is,
example,
compatible
with
such
formats.
Given
potential
technology,
there
need
to
assess
purity
EME
extracts
ensure
EME's
compatibility
high-throughput,
downstream
analysis.
This
study
evaluates
effectiveness
sample
cleanup
various
common
cell
media
used
organs-on-chips.
were
spiked
90
small-molecule
drugs.
Using
gel
(sodium
dodecyl
sulfate
polyacrylamide
electrophoresis),
high-resolution
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
spectroscopy,
LC–MS,
we
demonstrate
that
provides
exhaustive
removal
unwanted
medium
components
(proteins,
polar
molecules,
apolar/neutral
molecules)
while
selectively
extracting
was
demonstrated
human
stem-cell-derived
liver
organoids,
allowing
simple
detection
monitoring
telltale
cytochrome
P450
metabolism.
Taken
together,
our
observations
highlight
unprecedented
ability
provide
matrixes
technology.
Journal of Chromatography A,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
1717, С. 464669 - 464669
Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2024
Organoids
are
3D
cell
cultures
with
microanatomies
mimicking
aspects
of
real
organs,
useful
for
e.g.
animal-free
studies
development,
disease,
and
drug
discovery.
The
medium
organoid
models
Langerhans
islets,
regulating
blood
glucose
levels
by
insulin
secretion,
can
be
analyzed
liquid
chromatography-mass
spectrometry
(LC-MS).
However,
complexity
is
a
major
challenge,
as
matrix
interferences
reduce
sensitivity
selectivity,
even
optimized
LC-MS
conditions.
By
applying
preparative
agarose
gel
electrophoresis-electrodialysis
(PGE-ED),
we
were
able
to
decrease
the
background
signal,
allowing
reduced
affecting
analysis
human
insulin.
Analytical Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
96(29), С. 12129 - 12138
Опубликована: Июль 10, 2024
As
organoids
and
organ-on-chip
(OoC)
systems
move
toward
preclinical
clinical
applications,
there
is
an
increased
need
for
method
validation.
Using
a
liquid
chromatography-mass
spectrometry
(LC-MS)-based
approach,
we
developed
measuring
small-molecule
drugs
metabolites
in
the
cell
medium
directly
sampled
from
liver
organoids/OoC
systems.
The
LC-MS
setup
was
coupled
to
automatic
filtration
filter
flush
system
with
online
solid-phase
extraction
(SPE),
allowing
robust
automated
sample
cleanup/analysis.
For
matrix,
rich
in,
e.g.,
protein,
salts,
amino
acids,
no
preinjection
preparation
steps
(protein
precipitation,
SPE,
etc.)
were
necessary.
approach
demonstrated
tolbutamide
its
metabolite,
4-hydroxytolbutamide
(4HT).
validated
analysis
of
media
human
stem
cell-derived
cultured
static
conditions
on
microfluidic
platform
according
Food
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
guidelines
regards
selectivity,
matrix
effects,
accuracy,
precision,
etc.
allows
hundreds
injections
without
replacing
chromatography
hardware.
In
summary,
drug/metabolite
organoids/OoCs
can
be
performed
robustly
minimal
preparation.
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Май 22, 2023
Three-dimensional
(3D)
cell
cultures,
including
organ-on-a-chip
(OOC)
devices,
offer
the
possibility
to
mimic
human
physiology
conditions
better
than
2D
models.
The
devices
have
a
wide
range
of
applications,
mechanical
studies,
functional
validation,
and
toxicology
investigations.
Despite
many
advances
in
this
field,
major
challenge
with
use
organ-on-a-chips
relies
on
lack
online
analysis
methods
preventing
real-time
observation
cultured
cells.
Mass
spectrometry
is
promising
analytical
technique
for
excretes
from
This
due
its
high
sensitivity,
selectivity,
ability
tentatively
identify
large
variety
unknown
compounds,
ranging
metabolites,
lipids,
peptides
proteins.
However,
hyphenation
MS
largely
hampered
by
nature
media
used,
presence
nonvolatile
buffers.
turn
stalls
straightforward
connection
outlet
MS.
To
overcome
challenge,
multiple
been
made
pre-treat
samples
right
after
just
before
In
review,
we
summarised
these
technological
exhaustively
evaluated
their
benefits
shortcomings
successful
Electrophoresis,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
44(21-22), С. 1682 - 1697
Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2023
For
studying
stem
cell-derived
islet
organoids
(SC-islets)
in
an
organ-on-chip
(OoC)
platform,
we
have
developed
a
reversed-phase
liquid
chromatography-tandem
mass
spectrometry
(RPLC-MS/MS)
method
allowing
for
simultaneous
determination
of
insulin,
somatostatin-14,
and
glucagon,
with
improved
matrix
robustness
compared
to
earlier
methodology.
Combining
phenyl/hexyl-C18
separations
using
2.1
mm
inner
diameter
LC
columns
triple
quadrupole
spectrometry,
identification
quantification
were
secured
negligible
variance
retention
time
quantifier/qualifier
ratios,
levels
carryover
(<2%),
sufficient
precision
(±10%
RSD)
accuracy
(±15%
relative
error)
without
use
internal
standard.
The
obtained
lower
limits
0.2
µg/L
human
0.1
0.05
glucagon.
here-developed
RPLC-MS/MS
showed
that
the
SC-islets
insulin
response
dependent
on
glucose
concentration,
produce
release
somatostatin-14
these
peptide
hormones
was
compatible
unfiltered
offline
sample
collection
from
cultivated
pumpless,
recirculating
OoC
(rOoC)
platform.
background
secretion
not
significantly
different
rOoC
device
standard
cell
culture
well-plate.
Taken
together,
is
well
suited
multi-hormone
measurements
