EBioMedicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 109, С. 105445 - 105445
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
Heliyon, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(5), С. e26423 - e26423
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in 2019 following prior outbreaks of coronaviruses like SARS and MERS recent decades, underscoring their high potential infectivity humans. Insights from previous have played a significant role developing effective strategies to mitigate the global impact SARS-CoV-2. As January 7, 2024, there been 774,075,242 confirmed cases worldwide. To date, 13.59 billion vaccine doses administered, 7,012,986 documented fatalities (https://www.who.int/)Despite progress addressing rapid evolution SARS-CoV-2 challenges human defenses, presenting ongoing challenges. emergence new lineages, shaped mutation recombination processes, has led successive waves infections. This scenario reveals need for next-generation vaccines as crucial requirement ensuring protection against demand calls formulations that trigger robust adaptive immune response without leading inflammation linked with infection.Key mutations detected Spike protein, critical target neutralizing antibodies design —specifically within Receptor Binding Domain region Omicron variant lineages (B.1.1.529), currently dominant worldwide, intensified concerns due association immunity evasion vaccinations infections.As world deals this evolving threat, narrative extends realm emerging variants, each displaying implications remain largely misunderstood. Notably, JN.1 lineage is gaining prevalence, early findings suggest it stands among immune-evading characteristic attributed its L455S. Moreover, detrimental consequences novel bear particularly on immunocompromised individuals older adults. Immunocompromised face such suboptimal responses vaccines, rendering them more susceptible disease. Similarly, adults an increased risk disease presence comorbid conditions, find themselves at heightened vulnerability develop Thus, recognizing these intricate factors effectively tailoring public health protect vulnerable populations. In context, review aims describe, analyze, discuss current treatments encompassing immunotherapeutic approaches advanced therapies complements will offer solutions counter disadvantages existing options. Preliminary outcomes show virus address immunomodulatory associated COVID-19. Furthermore, capacity promote tissue repair demonstrated, which can be noteworthy who stand actors landscape possess broader potential, offering wide range variants enhancing ability constant virus. are projected treatment alternatives managing Chronic Post-COVID-19 syndromeand long-term complications.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
10
MedComm, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(8)
Опубликована: Июль 29, 2024
The JN.1 variant of COVID-19 has emerged as the dominant strain worldwide since end 2023. As a subclade BA.2.86 variant, harbors unique combination mutations inherited from lineage, notably featuring novel L455S mutation within its receptor-binding motif. This been linked to increased transmissibility and enhanced immune evasion capabilities. During rise JN.1, evidence resistance various monoclonal antibodies reduced cross-neutralization effects XBB.1.5 vaccine have observed. Although public health threat posed by appears relatively low, concerns persist regarding evolutionary trajectory under pressure. review provides comprehensive overview evolving highlighting need for continuous monitoring investigation new variants that could lead widespread infection. It assesses efficacy current vaccines therapeutics against emerging variants, particularly focusing on immunocompromised populations. Additionally, this summarizes potential advancements clinical treatments COVID-19, offering insights optimize prevention treatment strategies. thoroughly evaluates variant's impact implications future therapeutic development, contributing ongoing efforts mitigate risk virus transmission disease severity.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
10
npj Vaccines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025
Opioid overdose deaths are an evolving public health emergency in the United States. Recent advancements drug conjugate vaccine design and adjuvantation technologies have re-ignited interest potential clinical utility of opioid vaccination. Here we present concept fentanyl vaccination as a complementary strategy for prevention with focus on safety, efficacy, considerations development testing early phase human trials.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
ACS Applied Bio Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(8), С. 5037 - 5056
Опубликована: Май 24, 2024
The oral and nasal cavities serve as critical gateways for infectious pathogens, with microorganisms primarily gaining entry through these routes. Our first line of defense against invaders is the mucosal membrane, a protective barrier that shields body's internal systems from infection while also contributing to vital functions like air nutrient intake. One key features this its ability protect physiological system pathogens. Additionally, tolerance plays crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating pH water balance within body. Recognizing importance barrier, researchers have developed various formulations enhance immune response. Mucosal vaccines, example, deliver antigens directly tissues, triggering local stimulation ultimately inducing systemic immunity. Studies shown lipid-based such liposomes virosomes can effectively elicit both responses. Furthermore, mucoadhesive polymeric particles, their prolonged delivery target sites, demonstrated an enhanced This Review delves into material selection approaches optimizing
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(1), С. 17 - 17
Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2024
The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 virus, presents ongoing challenges to global public health. is characterized rapidly evolving mutations, especially in (but not limited to) spike protein, complicating predictions about its evolutionary trajectory. These mutations have significantly affected transmissibility, immune evasion, and vaccine efficacy, leading multiple pandemic waves with over half a billion cases seven million deaths globally. Despite several strategies, from development administration design availability antivirals, including monoclonal antibodies, already having been employed, persistent circulation virus emergence new variants continue result high case numbers fatalities. In past four years, immense research efforts contributed much our understanding viral pathogenesis mechanism, syndrome, host-microbe interactions, effective vaccines, diagnostic tools, treatments. focus this review provide comprehensive analysis functional impact on diagnosis, treatments, effectiveness. We further discuss safety pregnancy implications hybrid immunity long-term protection against infection, as well latest developments pan-coronavirus nasal formulations, emphasizing need for continued surveillance, research, adaptive health strategies response race.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(7), С. 795 - 795
Опубликована: Июль 18, 2024
Immunity against respiratory pathogens is often short-term, and, consequently, there an unmet need for the effective prevention of such infections. One infectious disease coronavirus 19 (COVID-19), which caused by novel Beta SARS-CoV-2 that emerged around end 2019. The World Health Organization declared illness a pandemic on 11 March 2020, and since then it has killed or sickened millions people globally. development COVID-19 systemic vaccines, impressively led to significant reduction in severity, hospitalization, mortality, contained pandemic’s expansion. However, these vaccines have not been able stop virus from spreading because restricted mucosal immunity. As result, breakthrough infections frequently occurred, new strains emerging. Furthermore, will likely continue circulate like influenza virus, co-exist with humans. upper tract nasal cavity are primary sites infection thus, mucosal/nasal vaccination induce response virus’ transmission warranted. In this review, we present status both approved those under evaluation clinical trials. our approach B-cell peptide-based applied prime-boost schedule elicit
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
5
Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 96(4)
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
This study aimed to examine the safety, immunogenicity and protective effective of inhaled COVID-19 vaccines (ICVs). Literature research was done through EMBASE, Cochrane, PubMed, Web Science up 10 March 2024. Pooled estimates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed compared using random effects common model. Of 15 studies, 11 analyzed 13 immunogenicity, 3 effective. The results showed a favorable safety profile ICVs for primary vaccination series, however it does not always seem produce expected immune response Meta-analysis booster vaccinations (BVs) that levels neutralizing antibody Geometric mean titer (nAb-GMT) aerosolised Ad5-nCoV (AAd5-nCoV) all higher than those inactivated vaccine (INA-nCoV) (standard difference (SMD) = 2.32; CI: 1.96-2.69) intramuscular (IMAd5-nCoV) (SMD 0.31; 0.14-0.48) against original strain SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, we also observed similar in omicron variant. In addition, ICV BVs has high mucosal immunity IgA antibodies. risk adverse events comparable or lower AAd5-nCoV INA-nCoV IMAd5-nCoV. Current evidence shows well. dose had (including immunity) provided protection caused by SARS-CoV-2 Further studies are needed investigate long-term intranasal various types ICVs.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4
Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(10), С. 1089 - 1089
Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2024
Correlates of Protection (CoP) are biomarkers above a defined threshold that can replace clinical outcomes as primary endpoints, predicting vaccine effectiveness to support the approval new vaccines or follow up studies. In context COVID-19 vaccination, CoPs help address challenges such demonstrating in special populations, against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants determining durability vaccine-elicited immunity. While anti-spike IgG titres and viral neutralising capacity have been characterised for contribution other components humoral immune response immediate long-term protective immunity is less well characterised. This review examines evidence supporting use trials, how they be used define It also highlights alternative biomarkers, including Fc effector function, mucosal immunity, generation long-lived plasma memory B cells discuss these applied studies tools available study them.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 229(1), С. 117 - 121
Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2023
Abstract Using a prospective, observational cohort study during the post–“dynamic COVID-zero” wave in China, we estimated short-term relative effectiveness against Omicron BA.5 infection of inhaled aerosolized adenovirus type 5–vectored ancestral strain coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine as second booster dose approximately 1 year after homologous boosted primary series inactivated COVID-19 compared with no booster. Participants reported nucleic acid or antigen test results weekly until they tested positive completed predesignated follow-up. After excluding participants infected <14 days entry, among 6576 was 61% 18- to 59-year-olds and 38% ≥60-year-olds sustained for 12 weeks.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
8
EBioMedicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 99, С. 104924 - 104924
Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2023
BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccines used in humans are highly effective limiting disease and death caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, yet improved that provide greater protection at mucosal surfaces, which could reduce break-through infections subsequent transmission, still needed.MethodsHere we tested an intranasal (I.N.) vaccination with receptor binding domain of Spike antigen (S-RBD) combination adjuvant mastoparan-7 compared sub-cutaneous (S.C.) route, adjuvanted either M7 or gold-standard adjuvant, alum, mice, for immunological read-outs. The same formulation delivered I.N. S.C. was hamsters to assess efficacy.FindingsI.N. systemic T cell responses equivalent dose phenotypes induced vaccine administration included enhanced polyfunctionality (combined IFN-γ TNF expression) numbers central memory (TCM) cells. These were cell-intrinsic be recalled lungs and/or brachial LNs upon challenge after adoptive transfer naïve recipients. Furthermore, antibody similarly neutralising parental strain S-RBD its ACE2 receptor, but showed cross-neutralising capacity against multiple variants concern (VOC), vaccination. provided significant from lung pathology unvaccinated animals homologous heterologous strains a hamster model.InterpretationThese results highlight role nasal imprinting immune profile associated long-term retention diversified responses, applied improve COVID-19 other infectious diseases.FundingThis study funded Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore Ministry Education, National Research Council DBT-BIRAC Grant.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
7