Applied Spectroscopy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2024
The
low
thickness
of
plastic
films
poses
a
challenge
when
using
near-infrared
(NIR)
spectroscopy
as
it
affects
the
spectral
quality
and
classification.
This
research
focuses
on
offering
solution
to
classifying
multilayer
film
materials
with
focus
polyolefin
plastics.
It
presents
importance
accurate
aim
is
demonstrate
suitability
handheld
NIR
spectrometer
in
assess
impact
various
measuring
backgrounds
(white
tile,
Teflon,
aluminum,
copper,
silver,
gold)
classification
accuracy
wavelength
range
1596–2396
nm.
Metallic
have
been
found
enhance
accuracy.
was
consistently
high,
ranging
from
96.55%
100%,
aluminum
gold
yielding
best
results
theoretical
In
experimental
classification,
reached
100%
any
metallic
were
used.
Conversely,
Teflon
showed
theoretically
high
96.21%
but
only
achieved
an
72.2%.
These
findings
suggest
that
can
improve
plastics
(films)
complex
material
composition
(multilayers).
Waste Management,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
185, С. 10 - 24
Опубликована: Май 29, 2024
The
low
recycling
rate
of
post-consumer
plastic
packaging
waste
(PPW),
which
is
partly
due
to
insufficient
separate
collection,
heterogeneous
composition
and
high
levels
contamination,
poses
a
challenge
in
Austria,
where
the
must
double
order
meet
target
55
%.
This
study
analyzes
key
characteristics
non-beverage
bottles
influencing
recyclability,
using
Vienna
as
case
study.
Additionally,
net
quantity
indicator
collection
rates
were
calculated.
738
from
mixed
MSW
1,159
PPW
analyzed.
main
polymer's
proportion
described
by
was
higher
for
(69–72
%)
than
(58
%),
showing
that
large
share
foreign
materials
are
residues
dirt,
with
significantly
contents
(20
(11
%).
With
19.2
%,
great
potential
currently
lies
at
4,112
t/yr.
Thereof,
46
%
uncolored,
54
colored/white
and,
terms
material
grade,
30
food
grade.
most
common
filling
volume
PET,
PP
HDPE
0.5
<
x
≤
1.5
L
(23–59
decoration
technology
label
(60–85
PET
had
highest
shares
food-grade
(37–46
while
colored
(22–31
mechanical
depends
largely
on
characteristics,
also
automatic
sorting.
Harmonized
design
specifications
therefore
crucial
this
fraction.
Journal of Cleaner Production,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
468, С. 143014 - 143014
Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024
About
60%
of
plastic
packaging
in
Sweden
ends
up
mixed
municipal
solid
waste
(MSW),
which
is
incinerated
with
energy
recovery.
This
status
quo
presents
a
missed
opportunity
to
meet
ambitious
recycling
targets.
study
aims
provide
detailed
characterization
MSW
assess
its
potential
for
and
significance
improving
the
overall
rate.
A
case
involving
Swedish
city
was
conducted
wherein
sample
5500
kg
from
920
households
characterized.
From
31%
rate,
improvement
59%
can
be
achieved
by
diverting
this
misplaced
into
existing
system.
An
additional
9%
increase
remains
challenging
achieve
due
occurrence
non-recyclable
attributes
like
black
multilayer
packaging.
The
highlighted
key
enabler
combination
correct
household
separation
behavior
establishment
mechanical
sorting
facilities
recover
MSW.
These
potentials
associated
challenges
are
discussed
context
Sweden's
ongoing
efforts
across
value
chain.
Furthermore,
importance
extended
emphasized
as
tool
identifying
monitoring
effectiveness
measures
enhancing
circularity
resource-efficiency.
Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
47(1), С. 2465 - 2479
Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025
The
wide
range
of
materials
and
colors
in
waste
plastic
bottles
makes
the
sorting
process
complex.
This
study
investigates
reject
rate
plastics
using
GLP4
dual-path
machine,
which
utilizes
both
infrared
visible
light.
recognition
targets
include
blue
white
PET
bottles,
green
as
well
other
such
PC,
PE
PP.
Firstly,
to
optimize
air
jetting
process,
computational
fluid
dynamics
(CFD)
analysis
was
utilized
simulate
impact
different
nozzle
diameters
on
efficiency.
results
demonstrate
that
with
a
separator
plate
distance
72
mm,
exclusion
reaches
99.36%.
Similarly,
at
an
angle
0°,
achieves
99.08%,
while
diameter
4
mm
yields
99.58%.
These
findings
validate
accuracy
our
simulation
results.
Finally,
by
optimizing
adjusting
HSV
values
along
background
saturation
levels,
we
successfully
reduce
omission
proportion
from
4.58%
1.26%
for
bottles;
moreover,
decrease
false
rates
made
PP
(polypropylene),
PC
(polycarbonate)
(polyethylene)
3.88%
2.69%.
Notably,
there
is
no
material
remains
accurate
100%.
For
recognizing
white,
specifically,
MSR
color
enhancement
algorithm
exhibits
superior
rejection
performance
respective
reaching
94.8%,
95.83%
90.29%.
Overall,
this
research
provides
valuable
insights
further
development
application
within
sorting.
Waste Management,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
198, С. 137 - 150
Опубликована: Март 5, 2025
Climate
neutrality
goals
require
adapting
the
management
of
fossil
carbon
in
waste
management.
This
study
evaluates
effectiveness
two
key
strategies
addressing
greenhouse
gas
(GHG)
emissions
from
residual
treatment,
namely:
pre-sorting
a
material
recovery
facility
to
remove
recyclable,
carbon-rich
materials
(S_MRF)
versus
post-treatment
municipal
solid
incineration
(MSWI)
flue
through
capture
and
storage
(S_MSWI_CCS).
Using
Kassel,
Germany,
as
case
study,
GHG
are
assessed
for
current
prospective
scenarios,
accounting
changes
inputs,
energy
systems,
substitution
choices,
uncertainties
treatment
technology
data.
It
is
shown
that
MSWI
Kassel
emits
857
kg
CO2
per
t
wet
waste,
with
31
%
CO2.
Carbon
can
reduce
direct
by
27
or
90
(S_MSWI_CCS)
increase
net
life
cycle
savings
factor
1.6
2.6
(S_MSWI_CCS),
respectively.
S_MSWI_CCS
offers
highest
potential
decrease
footprint
least
sensitive
variations
composition,
choices.
Discernibly
higher
S_MRF
compared
only
be
observed
if
rich
recyclables
(low
separate
collection).
Overall,
this
highlights
utility
refined
scenario,
uncertainty
discernability
analysis
local
conditions
different
settings
well
future
promote
environmental
decision
support
on
Heliyon,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
10(12), С. e32878 - e32878
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024
Household
single-use
packaging
has
poor
rates
of
recycling,
and
presents
a
challenge
in
transitioning
to
circular
economy.
This
study
characterises
the
flows
household
municipal
waste
system
for
2020–21
New
South
Wales,
Australia.
Households
are
an
important
source
usage
Australia,
accounting
over
40
%
all
used
2020–21.
Our
focus
spans
17
materials
11
formats.
We
estimate
composition
consumer
kerbside
collection
stream,
ultimate
fate
packaging.
Results
show
1000
±
8
kt
was
by
households
NSW
(∼123
kg/cap).
Composition
stream
dominated
glass
(36
%),
paper
(29
%)
plastic
(28
HDPE
(26
packaging),
LDPE
(24
PET
(19
were
main
polymers
use.
63
5
collected
34
7
recovered
via
recyclate
generation
overseas
exports.
Glass
had
highest
recycling
at
52
3
%,
while
poorest
10
%.
Findings
indicate
incorrect
disposal
recyclables
mixed-waste
systems
as
major
limitation
improve
rates.
Expansion
recovery
capacity
is
also
essential
improving
rates,
potential
generating
packaging-grade
meeting
recycled
content
targets.
The
offers
contributions
understanding
managed
within
system.
Insights
gained
have
application
informing
sustainable
management
strategies.
Sustainability,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(21), С. 9515 - 9515
Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2024
Packaging
constitutes
the
largest
end-use
market
for
plastics,
accounting
approximately
40%
of
total
consumption
by
sector.
In
2021,
average
plastic
packaging
waste
generated
per
European
Union
(EU)
resident
was
35.9
kg,
which
14.2
or
around
40%,
recycled.
The
Directive
on
and
Waste
(94/62/EC),
a
pivotal
environmental
regulation,
mandates
specific
recycling
targets:
minimum
50%
all
must
be
recycled
2025,
increasing
to
at
least
55%
2030.
These
targets
underscore
necessity
further
advancements
in
composite
This
review
uses
PESTEL
analysis
provide
comprehensive
overview
six
critical
factors
influencing
waste.
framework
encompasses
political,
economic,
socio-cultural
(social),
technological,
environmental,
legal
dimensions.
underscores
key
aspects
each
factor
that
influences
recycling.
Moreover,
discussion
outlines
deficiencies
within
system
waste,
including
such
as
inadequate
technological
capacity,
underdevelopment
secondary
polymer
market,
establishment
ambitious
political
are
challenging
attain,
among
others.
questions
raised
areas
warrant
investigation.
