Transcriptomics and Plant Hormone Analysis Reveal the Mechanism of Branching Angle Formation in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(2), С. 604 - 604

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

The branching angle of tea plants is a key factor in determining their structure, which significantly affects yield, suitability for mechanical harvesting, and overall plant architecture. However, the mechanisms underlying formation remain unclear. In this study, we explored mechanism by analysing transcriptome hormone levels cultivars with different angles. results indicated that gibberellin positively regulates plants, cytokinins, auxin, abscisic acid involved angles plants. analysis revealed candidate regulatory factors, including plant-hormone-related genes (the synthesis gene GA3ox1 metabolism GA2ox1; cytokinin CKX UGT; auxin signal transduction-related LAX3; transduction PYL4), regulating cell division growth (LAZY1, TAC1, MAX1), transcription factors (MYBs, WRKYs, TCPs, AP2/ERFs, MADS-box), are These offer insights into providing important theoretical reference selection breeding suitable thereby improving agricultural efficiency sustainability.

Язык: Английский

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Silicon Nutrition Improves Lodging Resistance of Rice Under Dry Cultivation

Plants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(3), С. 361 - 361

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025

Silicon (Si) has been proven to enhance the stress resistance of rice, but its effect on lodging rice under dry cultivation (DCR) is still unclear. The purpose this experiment clarify appropriate amount silicon fertilizer for DCR resist and elucidate how it coordinates yield. This used ‘Suigeng 18’ cultivar as material set six fertilizers (SiO2) with dosages 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 kg·ha−1 (Si0, Si1, Si2, Si3, Si4, Si5). Analyze effects key indicators from perspectives plant weight distribution, stem structure composition, root architecture. results showed that Si3 treatment had highest yield lowest index (LI). increases upper three leaves 4–5 internodes, thereby promoting panicle An increase 13.38% in 2/3PWSI (weight 4th–5th stems leaves/weight 1st–3rd lower leaves) can reflect leaf development near panicle. reduces GA/IAA value, shortens length second internode, diameters major minor axes, increasing culm thickness section modulus (SM), achieving “short thick”. also content non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) lignin cellulose by upregulating expression levels CAD7, PAL, COMT, CesA4 genes, fullness flexural strength (M), “short, thick, strong” reducing LI. 38.95% reduction IFL (second internode length/fullness) reflects positive stem. In underground part, adding CTK/IAA value roots, length, tip number, surface area, weight. coordinating dosage reduce 2/3 PWSI growth. breeding focus relationship between basal fullness, well growth

Язык: Английский

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Recycling of purine nucleotides in legumes: functional specialization of enzyme isoforms in adenine salvage, cytokinin homeostasis, and nodulation control

Journal of Experimental Botany, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 76(4), С. 913 - 916

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025

This article comments on: López CM, Alseekh S, Martínez Rivas FJ, Fernie AR, Prieto P, Alamillo JM. 2025. CRISPR/Cas9 editing of two adenine phosphoribosyl transferase coding genes reveals the functional specialization salvage proteins in common bean. Journal Experimental Botany 76, 346–362 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae424.

Язык: Английский

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Integrative Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Revealed Key Mechanisms in Two Maize Inbred Lines Differing in Cadmium Tolerance

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The B-type response regulator ZmRR5 controls maize kernel size by regulating BETL development

The Crop Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Structural basis of cytokinin transport by the Arabidopsis AZG2

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2025

Cytokinins are adenine derivatives serving as phytohormones, which essential regulators of plant growth, development, and response to environmental factors. The transport process cytokinins determines their spatial distributions is critical functions. AZA-GUANINE RESISTANT (AZG) family member AZG2 in Arabidopsis thaliana has been identified a cytokinin purine transporter. Here, we characterize the binding towards natural cytokinin, trans-zeatin (tZ), well adenine. structures determined both substrate-unbound, adenine-bound, tZ-bound states, under acidic neutral pH. Key residues involved substrate identified. Two distinct conformations observed state Structural analysis reveals structural dynamics during transport, fit into elevator-type model. These results provide insights molecular mechanism plants.

Язык: Английский

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Endogenous Hormone Levels and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Mechanisms of Bulbil Initiation in Pinellia ternata

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(11), С. 6149 - 6149

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2024

Pinellia ternata is a medicinal plant that has important pharmacological value, and the bulbils serve as primary reproductive organ; however, mechanisms underlying bulbil initiation remain unclear. Here, we characterized development via histological, transcriptomic, targeted metabolomic analyses to unearth intricate relationship between hormones, genes, development. The results show initiate growth from leaf axillary meristem (AM). In this stage, jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic (ABA), isopentenyl adenosine (IPA), salicylic (SA) were highly enriched, while indole-3-acetic (IAA), zeatin, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), 5-dexoxystrigol (5-DS) notably decreased. Through OPLS-DA analysis, SA emerged most crucial factor in initiating positively regulating formation. Furthermore, strong association IPA was observed during initiation. transcriptional changes IPT (Isopentenyltransferase), CRE1 (Cytokinin Response 1), A-ARR (Type-A Arabidopsis Regulator), B-ARR (Type-B AUX1 (Auxin Resistant ARF Factor), AUX/IAA (Auxin/Indole-3-acetic acid), GH3 (Gretchen Hagen 3), SAUR (Small Auxin Up RNA), GA2ox (Gibberellin 2-oxidase), GA20ox 20-oxidase), AOS (Allene oxide synthase), AOC cyclase), OPR (Oxophytodienoate Reductase), JMT (JA carboxy l Methyltransferase), COI1 (Coronatine Insensitive JAZ (Jasmonate ZIM-domain), MYC2 (Myelocytomatosis 2), D27 (DWARF27), SMAX (Suppressor of MAX2), PAL (Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase), ICS (Isochorismate Synthase), NPR1 (Non-expressor Pathogenesis-related Genes1), TGA (TGACG Sequence-specific Binding), PR-1 (Pathogenesis-related), MCSU (Molybdenium Cofactor Sulfurase), PP2C (Protein Phosphatase 2C), SnRK (Sucrose Non-fermenting-related Protein Kinase 2) correlated with hormone concentrations, indicating coordinately controlled by multiple phytohormones. Notably, eight TFs (transcription factors) regulate AM have been identified pivotal regulators Among these, WUS (WUSCHEL), CLV (CLAVATA), ATH1 (Arabidopsis Thaliana Homeobox Gene RAX (Regulator Axillary meristems) exhibit elevated expression levels. Conversely, LEAFY demonstrated contrasting patterns. profiles these are closely associated upregulated KNOX(KNOTTED-like homeobox), suggesting regulatory network complex process This study offers profound understanding could potentially aid refining molecular breeding techniques specific P. ternata.

Язык: Английский

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Hydrogen sulfide antagonizes cytokinin to change root system architecture through persulfidation of CKX2 in Arabidopsis

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 244(4), С. 1377 - 1390

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2024

Summary Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is an endogenous gaseous signaling molecule, which has been shown to play important role in plant growth and development by coupling with various phytohormones. However, the relationship between H S cytokinin (CTK) mechanisms CTK affect root remain poorly understood. Endogenous was analyzed UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Persulfidation of oxidase/dehydrogenases (CKXs) mass spectrometry (MS). ckx2/CKX2 wild‐type (WT) , OE CKX2 Cys(C)62alanine(A) transgenic lines were isolated ckx2 background. linked content CKX2, regulates system architecture (RSA). at cysteine (Cys)62 residue enhances activity, resulting reduced content. We utilized 35S‐LCD/oasa1 investigate effect on RSA, indicating that reduces gravitropic set‐point angle (GSA), shortens hairs, increases number lateral roots (LRs). The persulfidation Cys62 changes elongation cells upper lower flanks LR zone, confirming specificity target regulate RSA vivo . In conclusion, this study demonstrated negatively affects Arabidopsis thaliana

Язык: Английский

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Metabolism of Fluorinated Topolin Cytokinins in Micropropagated Phalaenopsis amabilis

Horticulturae, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(7), С. 727 - 727

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2024

Fluorinated cytokinins have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional in Phalaenopsis plant tissue culture, offering enhanced stability and bioactivity. However, their metabolic fate impact on endogenous cytokinin profiles remain largely unexplored. This study builds upon previous research investigate the comparative metabolism of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) with successful 6-(3-fluorobenzylamino)purine (FmT) 9-riboside (FmTR). Additionally, this examines another crucial factor, use ventilated versus closed containers, processes. The results revealed distinct associated each treatment, highlighting complex interplay between exogenous levels. is first effects these stable, synthetic, naturally occurring levels metabolites micropropagated Phalaenopsis. we proposed an alternative inactivation pathway involving conversion FmTR BA pT pTR. These findings provide valuable insights into intricate relationship growth under vitro conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Identification of systemic nitrogen signaling in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) roots based on split-root system and transcriptome analysis

Plant Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 43(10)

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2024

Язык: Английский

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