Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults aged 70 years and older, 1990–2021: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(1), С. e0316135 - e0316135

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025

Background Life expectancy at age 70 has continued to rise globally over the past 30 years. However, a comprehensive assessment of burden COPD in older adults is lacking. We aimed estimate and its attributable risk factors among aged ≥70 Methods Data on prevalence, incidence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), from 1990 2021 across 204 countries territories, were sourced Global Burden Disease Study 2021. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used illustrate temporal trends global regional levels Results In 2021, numbers prevalent incident cases 99.7 7.4 million, increasing by 162.2% 157.4% 1990. The prevalence incidence rates increased 18823.5 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 16324.4–21208.4) 20165.6 (17703.8–22549.4) 1429.0 (1224.2–1613.0) 1502.7 (1309.0–1677.9) per 100,000 population (EAPC 0.31, 95% CI 0.28–0.33; 0.17, 0.16–0.19). COPD-associated deaths DALYs reached 2.9 45.4 70.7% 70.0% 2019, while corresponding declined (both EAPC <0). highest largest increase rate occurred high sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, death DALY low SDI regions. United States had Iran increase. From ambient ozone pollution-related have risen, particularly low-middle Conclusion progressively become health challenge with rising rates. Although attributed decreased adults, absolute counts are rapidly increasing. inequalities different regions underscore multi-faceted approach management adults.

Язык: Английский

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Research progress on the application of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG in pediatric respiratory diseases

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2025

Respiratory diseases are a leading cause of morbidity in children globally, with significant healthcare costs. The overuse conventional treatments like antibiotics has raised concerns about antibiotic resistance and side effects. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), one the most extensively studied probiotics, gained attention as potential adjunct therapies due to their ability modulate gut microbiota immune responses. This review aims assess effectiveness LGG managing pediatric respiratory diseases, including tract infections (RTI), cystic fibrosis (CF), asthma. Clinical trials suggest can reduce incidence severity RTI, improving CF symptoms, enhancing quality life children. However, evidence for its benefits asthma remains inconclusive. Its mechanisms include modulating responses, barrier function, maintaining microbial homeostasis via gut-lung axis. Existing studies often limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneity intervention protocols, short follow-up periods. Emerging technologies novel formulations, hold promise unraveling complex interactions among LGG, axis, health. These advancements could pave way personalized probiotic therapies, highlighting cost-effective, adjunctive therapy diseases. underscores broader significance integrating into healthcare, while calling future research overcome current limitations, optimize clinical explore innovative therapeutic strategies.

Язык: Английский

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The influence of weather and urban environment characteristics on upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

Background Weather can independently affect the occurrence of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in urban areas. Built environments cities could further modify exposure to weather and consequently risk RTIs, but their combined effects on are not known. Objectives Our aim was synthesize evidence influence RTIs areas examine whether built associated with both RTIs. Methods A systematic search Scopus, PubMed, Web Science databases conducted 9th August 2022 following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included review based predefined criteria by screening 5,789 articles reviewing reference lists relevant studies. The quality studies assessed using AXIS appraisal tool, results analyzed narrative synthesis. Results Twenty-one eligible focusing COVID-19 influenza transmissions, review. All register ecological design. Low temperature (11/19 studies) most often increased RTI. Humidity showed either negative (5/14 studies), positive (3/14 or no (6/14 relation association between wind solar radiation inconclusive. Population density positively (14/15 studies). Conclusions shows that low increases areas, where also high population infection risk. study highlights need assess relationship environment characteristics, weather,

Язык: Английский

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Factors associated with mortality among patients aged 12 years and above requiring hospitalization for severe respiratory illness (SRI): Findings from the COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness evaluation in Kenya and Mali, 2022–2023

Vaccine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 126910 - 126910

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Mortality attributed to respiratory illnesses is well characterized in children <5 years. However, there paucity of data among older populations. Here, we leveraged from the COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Evaluation establish factors associated with mortality patients severe illness (SRI) Kenya and Mali. We enrolled (≥ 12 years) requiring hospitalization for SRI, defined as acute onset (≤ 14 days) at least two following: cough, fever (reported/measured temperature ≥38 °C), chills, rigors, myalgia, headache, sore throat, fatigue, congestion or runny nose, loss taste smell, pneumonia diagnosis, referral hospitals collected demographic, clinical characteristics patients, nasopharyngeal oropharyngeal specimens SARS-CoV-2 testing using RT-PCR. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was fitted identify 30-day SRI. Between July 2022 October 2023 9947 SRI were enrolled, whom 9743 included this analysis 1620 (16.6 %) died (Kenya: 1533/7822 [20.0 %]; Mali: 87/1921 [4.5 %]). Compared aged 12-24 years, those >64 years more likely die (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 2.36; 95 % Confidence Interval [95 CI] 1.72-3.24). Patients who coma (aOR 3.45; %CI 2.27-5.24) Intensive Care Unit 2.98; 2.06-4.31), had HIV infection 2.47; 2.11-2.90), liver disease 2.42; 1.57-3.74), cancer 2.09; 1.46-2.99) infected 1.24; 1.02-1.52) increased risk death. Additionally, diarrhea, malaise/fatigue, difficulty breathing, confusion, mechanical ventilation, vasopressor support, malnutrition admission High Dependency significant associations. heightened older, required critical care, chronic conditions suggesting need early identification these improve possible treatment outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Haemophilus influenzae remains the predominant otitis media pathogen in Australian children undergoing ventilation tube insertion in the PCV13 era

Journal of Infection, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 106478 - 106478

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Understanding patterns of bacterial carriage and otitis media (OM) microbiology are crucial for assessing vaccine impact informing policy. The OM can vary with geography, time, interventions like pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). We evaluated the nasopharyngeal middle ear effusions in children living Western Australia, 11 years following introduction PCV13. Children undergoing surgery recurrent acute and/or chronic effusion (cases), non-infectious reasons (controls), were recruited. Nasopharyngeal swabs (MEE - cases only) collected, quantitative PCR applied detection Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus pyogenes. S. pneumoniae-positive MEE serotyped by culture. from 166 under 5 age (123 cases, 43 controls) 103 (93 bilateral 196 samples) collected between September 2022 to December 2023. H. influenzae was more common density 10 times higher compared controls (84.2% carriage-positive versus 48.9% controls, p=0.024; mean DNA concentration 1.8pg/µL 0.13pg/µL, p=0.037). pneumoniae commonly carried (not significant), (mean 0.4pg/µL 0.09pg/µL, p=0.049). M. catarrhalis similar (82.1% 76.7%). Carriage 2 or otopathogen species (80% swabs). In MEE, predominated (53% PCR-positive) followed (31%), (22%), (6%), pyogenes (2%) P. aeruginosa (2%). Polymicrobial infection identified 26% effusions. Of PCR-positive 14 specimens culturable all serotypes non-PCV13 types. aetiology continues be primarily associated influenzae. These data highlight need a concerted effort develop effective preventative strategies most notably, nontypeable (NTHi). Higher valency PCVs may on OM.

Язык: Английский

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Investigating the Acute Effects of Black Carbon, PM2.5 Exposure, and Temperature on Asthma and Respiratory-Related Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations in Mississippi

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 126150 - 126150

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Metabolomic studies of respiratory infections in early life: A narrative review

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 36(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality during the early life period, experiencing recurrent may increase risk developing chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma. Over last several decades, metabolomics methods have been applied to inform upon underlying biochemistry pediatric infection response, discriminate between types, identify biomarkers severity susceptibility. While these studies demonstrated power applying study contributed an understanding unique period immune development, key differences in design, type(s) interest, biosamples, measurement methods, lack external validation limited translation findings into clinic. The purpose this review is summarize overlaps across existing commonly reported emphasize areas opportunity for future study. We highlight pathways-such citric acid cycle sphingolipid metabolism-that consistently response. then discuss putatively identified metabolomic markers types possible proneness. Finally, we close with summary perspective directions field.

Язык: Английский

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STUDY OF THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF A NASAL SPRAY BASED ON ANTIGENS OF OPPORTUNISTIC BACTERIA

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2025

The article presents the results of determining acute toxicity a nasal spray based on antigens opportunistic bacteria in two formulations: with and without prolonging agent. According to Hodge Sterner classification, when administered mice at maximum possible doses, formulations were classified as up class 4 for subcutaneous administration 3 intranasal administration. These findings support feasibility further development formulations.

Язык: Английский

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A probiotic containing L. plantarum and P. acidilactici strains for treating upper respiratory infections in children aged 6 months to 5 years: a randomized, double-blind trial

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2024

Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are highly prevalent, especially among young children. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a specific probiotic formula in shortening duration pediatric URIs viral origin. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted children aged 6 months 5 years, with URI pharyngitis as diagnosed by specialist. Participants were allocated (strains L. plantarum KABP022, KABP023 KABP033, P. acidilactici KABP021) or placebo, twice daily for 15 days, further followed up at 30 60 days from baseline. Antipyretic (ibuprofen) antihistamine (cetirizine) allowed comedication controlled. Co-primary outcomes fever (axillary temperature >37.5ºC) pain/discomfort (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry Consolability [FLACC] score >3), recorded diary. Causative viruses identified PCR nasopharyngeal swabs. 75 randomized included analysis. Most frequent causative agents rhinoviruses, coronaviruses syncytial virus. Compared reduced 1.1 (95%CI 0.5-1.7; p=0.001), 0.7 0.2-1.2; p=0.006) group, respectively. Sensitivity analyses detected virus, age, sex recent episodes produced similar results. Use other symptoms did not differ between study groups. No significant differences found number adverse events Conclusion: Intervention this associated shorter pharyngitis. Trial Registration: Prospectively registered on Oct 5^th, 2023, ISRCTN-66122782.

Язык: Английский

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