Melatonin: Pharmacology, Functions and Therapeutic Benefits

Current Neuropharmacology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 15(3), С. 434 - 443

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2017

Background: Melatonin synchronizes central but also peripheral oscillators (fetal adrenal gland, pancreas, liver, kidney, heart, lung, fat, gut, etc.), allowing temporal organization of biological functions through circadian rhythms (24-hour cycles) in relation to periodic environmental changes and therefore adaptation the individual his/her internal external environment. Measures melatonin are considered best indices human timing based on an 24-hour clock. Keywords: Adaptation environment, clocks, biomarker, clinical application, oscillators, melatonin, prevention treatment, sleep-wake rhythm, synchronizer.

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin: Buffering the Immune System

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 14(4), С. 8638 - 8683

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2013

Melatonin modulates a wide range of physiological functions with pleiotropic effects on the immune system. Despite large number reports implicating melatonin as an immunomodulatory compound, it still remains unclear how regulates immunity. While some authors argue that is immunostimulant, many studies have also described anti-inflammatory properties. The data reviewed in this paper support idea buffer, acting stimulant under basal or immunosuppressive conditions compound presence exacerbated responses, such acute inflammation. clinical relevance multiple different conditions, infection, autoimmunity, vaccination and immunosenescence, reviewed.

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin: A Multitasking Molecule

Progress in brain research, Год журнала: 2010, Номер unknown, С. 127 - 151

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2010

Язык: Английский

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Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2010, Номер 90(4), С. 1547 - 1581

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2010

Life on earth is subject to alternating cycles of day and night imposed by the rotation earth. Consequently, living things have evolved photodetective systems synchronize their physiology behavior with external light-dark cycle. This form photodetection unlike familiar “image vision,” in that basic information light or darkness over time, independent spatial patterns. “Nonimage” vision probably far more ancient than image widespread species. For mammals, it has long been assumed photoreceptors for nonimage are also textbook rods cones. However, recent years witnessed discovery a small population retinal ganglion cells mammalian eye express unique visual pigment called melanopsin. These intrinsically photosensitive drive variety functions. In addition being themselves, they constitute major conduit rod cone signals brain functions such as circadian photoentrainment pupillary reflex. Here we review what known about these novel photoreceptors.

Язык: Английский

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The emerging link between cancer, metabolism, and circadian rhythms

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 24(12), С. 1795 - 1803

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin signaling and cell protection function

The FASEB Journal, Год журнала: 2010, Номер 24(10), С. 3603 - 3624

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2010

Besides its well-known regulatory role on circadian rhythm, the pineal gland hormone melatonin has other biological functions and a distinct metabolism in various cell types peripheral tissues. In different tissues organs, been described to act as paracrine also an intracrine autocrine agent with overall homeostatic pleiotropic effects that include protection prosurvival factor. These latter effects, documented number of vitro vivo studies, are sustained through both receptor-dependent -independent mechanisms control detoxification stress response genes, thus conferring against xenobiotics endobiotics produced by acute chronic noxious stimuli. Redox-sensitive components included signaling resulting transcriptional involves NF-κB, AP-1, Nrf2. By these pathways, stimulates expression antioxidant acting turn glutathione system enhancer. A further converging mechanism this indoleamine models seems lie damage function mitochondria decreased production reactive oxygen species activation antiapoptotic redox-sensitive element Bcl2. Recent evidence suggests upstream mitochondrial route calmodulin pathway central survival-promoting component MAPKs, ERK1/2. review article, we will discuss molecular aspects relevant survival mechanisms.—Luchetti, F., Canonico, B., Betti, M., Arcangeletti, Pilolli, Piroddi, Canesi, L., Papa, S., Galli, F. Melatonin function. FASEB J. 24, 3603–3624 (2010). www.fasebj.org

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin induces nitric oxide and the potential mechanisms relate to innate immunity against bacterial pathogen infection in Arabidopsis

Journal of Pineal Research, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 59(1), С. 102 - 108

Опубликована: Май 9, 2015

Abstract Melatonin ( N ‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) is a naturally occurring small molecule, serving as important secondary messenger in the response of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, interactions between melatonin other molecules plant stress response, especially immunity, are largely unknown. In this study, we found that both nitric oxide NO ) levels Arabidopsis leaves were significantly induced by bacterial pathogen Pst DC 3000) infection. The elevated production was caused application enhanced endogenous level with great efficacy. Moreover, conferred improved disease resistance against Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato 3000 infection . scavenger suppressed rise which exogenous melatonin. As result, beneficial effects on expression salicylic acid SA )‐related genes jeopardized use scavenger. Consistently, lost its effect innate immunity P. ‐deficient mutants results indicate melatonin‐induced responsible for

Язык: Английский

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Nutrition and the circadian system

British Journal Of Nutrition, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 116(3), С. 434 - 442

Опубликована: Май 25, 2016

Abstract The human circadian system anticipates and adapts to daily environmental changes optimise behaviour according time of day temporally partitions incompatible physiological processes. At the helm this is a master clock in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) anterior hypothalamus. SCN are primarily synchronised 24-h by light/dark cycle; however, feeding/fasting cycles primary cues for clocks peripheral tissues. Aligning with clock-regulated metabolic optimises metabolism, studies other animals suggest that feeding at inappropriate times disrupts organisation, thereby contributes adverse consequences chronic disease development. ‘High-fat diets’ (HFD) produce particularly deleterious effects on organisation rodents blunting cycles. Time-of-day-restricted feeding, where food availability restricted period several hours, offsets many HFD these animals; further evidence required assess whether same true humans. Several nutritional compounds have robust system. Caffeine, example, can speed synchronisation new zones after jetlag. An appreciation has implications science may ultimately help reduce burden diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Hormones and oxidative stress: an overview

Free Radical Research, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 54(1), С. 1 - 26

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2019

In aerobes, oxygen is essential for maintenance of life. However, incomplete reduction leads to generation reactive species. These oxidants oxidise biological macromolecules present in their vicinity and thereby impair cellular functions causing oxidative stress (OS). Aerobes have evolved both enzymatic nonenzymatic antioxidant defences protect themselves from OS. Although hormones as means coordination involve regulation physiological activities tissues by regulating metabolism, any change normal titre pathophysiological states. While, such melatonin, insulin, oestrogen, progesterone display features, thyroid hormone, corticosteroids catecholamines elicit free radical OS, the role testosterone inducing OS debateable. This review an attempt understand impact cross talk between modulating defence system under various conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin and Health: Insights of Melatonin Action, Biological Functions, and Associated Disorders

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43(6), С. 2437 - 2458

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2023

Язык: Английский

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