Irrationality
Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025
This
Element
surveys
contemporary
philosophical
and
psychological
work
on
various
forms
of
irrationality:
akrasia,
strange
beliefs,
implicit
bias.
It
takes
up
several
questions
in
an
effort
to
better
illuminate
these
more
maligned
aspects
human
behaviour
cognition:
what
is
rationality?
Why
it
irrational
act
against
one's
judgement?
Could
ever
be
rational
do
so?
What's
going
wrong
with
beliefs
conspiracy
theories,
those
arising
from
self-deception,
or
which
are
classed
as
delusional?
Might
some
them
fact
appropriate
responses
evidence?
Are
biases
when
they
conflict
our
avowed
beliefs?
Or
might
insofar
track
social
realities?
Язык: Английский
Human Reasoning
Опубликована: Май 20, 2024
This
Element
is
on
new
developments
in
the
psychology
of
reasoning
that
raise
or
address
philosophical
questions.
In
traditional
studies
reasoning,
focus
was
inference
from
arbitrary
assumptions
and
not
at
all
beliefs,
classical
binary
logic
presupposed
as
only
standard
for
human
reasoning.
But
recently
a
Bayesian
paradigm
has
emerged
discipline.
views
ordinary
mostly
inferring
probabilistic
conclusions
degrees
hypothetical
premises
relevant
to
purpose
hand,
often
about
revising
updating
belief.
also
covers
formulations
dual-process
theories
mind,
stating
there
are
two
types
mental
processing,
one
rapid
intuitive
shared
with
other
animals,
slow
reflective
more
characteristic
beings.
The
final
topic
covered
rationality.
Язык: Английский
Personal Identity and the Self
Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2024
What
are
we?
owns
our
thoughts
and
experiences?
Are
we
anything
at
all?
After
an
introduction,
Section
2
assesses
a
'no-bearer'
theory
of
experience,
the
'no-self'
contention
that
self-representations
about
no
real
entity,
before
introducing
positive
hypothesis
objects
self-representations:
'animalist'
claim
biological
organisms.
3
discusses
classic
challenge
to
animalism
brain
transplantation
is
something
could
survive
but
animal
survive.
This
introduces
alternatives
animalism,
as
well
animalist
responses,
including
one
which
questions
assumption
psychology
irrelevant
organism
persistence.
4
surveys
'thinking
parts'
problem
conjoined
twinning
commisurotomy,
also
considered
problematic
for
animalism.
The
interpretation
these
cases
revisits
bearers
self-representation,
relation
biology
psychology.
title
available
Open
Access
on
Cambridge
Core.
Язык: Английский
Bayesian Models of the Mind
Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025
Bayesian
decision
theory
is
a
mathematical
framework
that
models
reasoning
and
decision-making
under
uncertain
conditions.
The
paradigm
originated
as
of
how
people
should
operate,
not
they
actually
operate.
Nevertheless,
cognitive
scientists
increasingly
use
it
to
describe
the
actual
workings
human
mind.
Over
past
few
decades,
science
has
produced
impressive
mental
activity.
postulate
certain
processes
conform,
or
approximately
norms.
offered
within
have
illuminated
numerous
phenomena,
such
perception,
motor
control,
navigation.
This
Element
provides
self-contained
introduction
foundations
science.
It
then
explores
what
we
can
learn
about
mind
from
by
scientists.
Язык: Английский
Introduction to the Special Issue in Honor of Nick Chater Receiving the 2023 Rumelhart Prize
Topics in Cognitive Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 31, 2025
Abstract
This
is
an
introduction
to
the
special
issue
of
Topics
in
Cognitive
Science
,
honoring
Nick
Chater's
award
2023
David
E.
Rumelhart
Prize
for
Contributions
Theoretical
Foundations
Human
Cognition.
It
provides
a
condensed
overview
his
contributions
cognitive
science
within
which
articles
this
are
situated,
finishing
off
with
two
short
personal
recollections
by
Editors.
Язык: Английский
The conjunction fallacy: confirmation or relevance?
Thinking & Reasoning,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
31(1), С. 82 - 108
Опубликована: Июль 12, 2024
The
conjunction
fallacy
is
the
well-documented
reasoning
error
on
which
people
rate
a
A∧B
as
more
probable
than
one
of
its
conjuncts,
A.
Many
explanations
appeal
to
fact
that
B
has
high
probability
in
given
scenarios,
but
Katya
Tentori
and
collaborators
have
challenged
such
approaches.
They
report
experiments
suggesting
degree
confirmation—rather
probability—is
central
determinant
fallacy.
In
this
paper,
we
two
goals.
First,
address
confound
et
al.'s
experiments:
they
failed
control
for
their
stimuli
where
confirmed,
it
also
conversationally
relevant
sense
fits
with
topic
or
question
under
discussion.
Conversely,
when
not
irrelevant.
Consequently,
possible
conversational
relevance,
rather
confirmation,
responsible
differences
found
between
confirmed
hypotheses.
Second,
inspired
by
recent
theoretical
work,
aim
give
first
empirical
investigation
hypothesis
type
relevance
own—independently
confirmation—can
be
an
important
factor
We
vary
design
making
without
changing
confirmation.
doing
so
increases
fallacy,
plays
role
Язык: Английский