Over
the
last
couple
of
decades,
polar
tourism
has
significantly
grown
in
number
visitors
and
diversified
terms
activities
offered.
The
COVID-19
pandemic
brought
to
a
halt
prompted
researchers,
operators
policy-makers
alike
reflect
on
how
Arctic
Antarctic
have
developed,
they
are
being
managed
governed
and,
importantly,
influence
socio-ecological
systems.
Given
dominance
ship-based
over
other
types
Polar
Regions,
we
discuss
cornerstones
developed
50
years
explore
relevant
international
regional
governance
regimes
this
article.
We
identify
which
positive
negative
biophysical,
socio-cultural
economic
impacts
arising
from
been
identified
by
researchers.
It
is
difficult,
if
not
impossible,
disentangle
caused
alone
those
that
result
interactions
multiple
pressures
at
all
levels
(local,
global),
more
research
needed
develop
reliable
effective
indicators
monitor
impacts.
In
addition,
better
understanding
about
role
tourist
experiences
might
play
potentially
encouraging
long-term
behavioural
changes
among
Regions.
provided
an
important
opportunity
review
development
management,
ask
whether
emphasis
should
be
placed
‘degrowth’
sector
future.
Over
the
last
couple
of
decades,
polar
tourism
has
significantly
grown
in
number
visitors
and
diversified
terms
activities
offered.
The
COVID-19
pandemic
brought
to
a
halt
prompted
researchers,
operators
policy-makers
alike
reflect
on
how
Arctic
Antarctic
have
developed,
they
are
being
managed
governed
and,
importantly,
influence
socio-ecological
systems.
Given
dominance
ship-based
over
other
types
Polar
Regions,
we
discuss
cornerstones
developed
50
years
explore
relevant
international
regional
governance
regimes
this
article.
We
identify
which
positive
negative
biophysical,
socio-cultural
economic
impacts
arising
from
been
identified
by
researchers.
It
is
difficult,
if
not
impossible,
disentangle
caused
alone
those
that
result
interactions
multiple
pressures
at
all
levels
(local,
global),
more
research
needed
develop
reliable
effective
indicators
monitor
impacts.
In
addition,
better
understanding
about
role
tourist
experiences
might
play
potentially
encouraging
long-term
behavioural
changes
among
Regions.
provided
an
important
opportunity
review
development
management,
ask
whether
emphasis
should
be
placed
‘degrowth’
sector
future.
Over
the
last
couple
of
decades,
polar
tourism
has
significantly
grown
in
number
visitors
and
diversified
terms
activities
offered.
The
COVID-19
pandemic
brought
to
a
halt
prompted
researchers,
operators
policy-makers
alike
reflect
on
how
Arctic
Antarctic
have
developed,
they
are
being
managed
governed
and,
importantly,
influence
socio-ecological
systems.
Given
dominance
ship-based
over
other
types
Polar
Regions,
we
discuss
cornerstones
developed
50
years
explore
relevant
international
regional
governance
regimes
this
article.
We
identify
which
positive
negative
biophysical,
socio-cultural
economic
impacts
arising
from
been
identified
by
researchers.
It
is
difficult,
if
not
impossible,
disentangle
caused
alone
those
that
result
interactions
multiple
pressures
at
all
levels
(local,
global),
more
research
needed
develop
reliable
effective
indicators
monitor
impacts.
In
addition,
better
understanding
about
role
tourist
experiences
might
play
potentially
encouraging
long-term
behavioural
changes
among
Regions.
provided
an
important
opportunity
review
development
management,
ask
whether
emphasis
should
be
placed
'degrowth'
sector
future.
Over
the
last
couple
of
decades,
polar
tourism
has
significantly
grown
in
number
visitors
and
diversified
terms
activities
offered.
The
COVID-19
pandemic
brought
to
a
halt
prompted
researchers,
operators
policy-makers
alike
reflect
on
how
Arctic
Antarctic
have
developed,
they
are
being
managed
governed
and,
importantly,
influence
socio-ecological
systems.
Given
dominance
ship-based
over
other
types
Polar
Regions,
we
discuss
cornerstones
developed
50
years
explore
relevant
international
regional
governance
regimes
this
article.
We
identify
which
positive
negative
biophysical,
socio-cultural
economic
impacts
arising
from
been
identified
by
researchers.
It
is
difficult,
if
not
impossible,
disentangle
caused
alone
those
that
result
interactions
multiple
pressures
at
all
levels
(local,
global),
more
research
needed
develop
reliable
effective
indicators
monitor
impacts.
In
addition,
better
understanding
about
role
tourist
experiences
might
play
potentially
encouraging
long-term
behavioural
changes
among
Regions.
provided
an
important
opportunity
review
development
management,
ask
whether
emphasis
should
be
placed
‘degrowth’
sector
future.
Over
the
last
couple
of
decades,
polar
tourism
has
significantly
grown
in
number
visitors
and
diversified
terms
activities
offered.
The
COVID-19
pandemic
brought
to
a
halt
prompted
researchers,
operators
policy-makers
alike
reflect
on
how
Arctic
Antarctic
have
developed,
they
are
being
managed
governed
and,
importantly,
influence
socio-ecological
systems.
Given
dominance
ship-based
over
other
types
Polar
Regions,
we
discuss
cornerstones
developed
50
years
explore
relevant
international
regional
governance
regimes
this
article.
We
identify
which
positive
negative
biophysical,
socio-cultural
economic
impacts
arising
from
been
identified
by
researchers.
It
is
difficult,
if
not
impossible,
disentangle
caused
alone
those
that
result
interactions
multiple
pressures
at
all
levels
(local,
global),
more
research
needed
develop
reliable
effective
indicators
monitor
impacts.
In
addition,
better
understanding
about
role
tourist
experiences
might
play
potentially
encouraging
long-term
behavioural
changes
among
Regions.
provided
an
important
opportunity
review
development
management,
ask
whether
emphasis
should
be
placed
‘degrowth’
sector
future.
Over
the
last
couple
of
decades,
polar
tourism
has
significantly
grown
in
number
visitors
and
diversified
terms
activities
offered.
The
COVID-19
pandemic
brought
to
a
halt
prompted
researchers,
operators
policy-makers
alike
reflect
on
how
Arctic
Antarctic
have
developed,
they
are
being
managed
governed
and,
importantly,
influence
socio-ecological
systems.
Given
dominance
ship-based
over
other
types
Polar
Regions,
we
discuss
cornerstones
developed
50
years
explore
relevant
international
regional
governance
regimes
this
article.
We
identify
which
positive
negative
biophysical,
socio-cultural
economic
impacts
arising
from
been
identified
by
researchers.
It
is
difficult,
if
not
impossible,
disentangle
caused
alone
those
that
result
interactions
multiple
pressures
at
all
levels
(local,
global),
more
research
needed
develop
reliable
effective
indicators
monitor
impacts.
In
addition,
better
understanding
about
role
tourist
experiences
might
play
potentially
encouraging
long-term
behavioural
changes
among
Regions.
provided
an
important
opportunity
review
development
management,
ask
whether
emphasis
should
be
placed
‘degrowth’
sector
future.